Final Exam Review Questions

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Final Exam Review Questions 1. Bumblebees show some ability to control their own body temperature. During cold weather, bumblebees have been observed warming their flight muscles by shivering.

1 Final Exam Review Questions 1. Bumblebees show some ability to control their own body temperature. During cold weather, bumblebees have been observed warming their flight muscles by shivering. The bees are able to maintain a body temperature several degrees above that of the surrounding air. Regulation of their internal body temperature is an example of A) diffusion B) synthesis C) respiration D) homeostasis 2. The diagram below represents two organisms. Which statement concerning organism A and organism B is correct? A) Organism A contains organs, where as organism B lacks organs. B) Organism A and organism B have the same organ systems. C) Organism A and organism B both have structures that perform life processes. D) Organism A lacks structures that help maintain dynamic equilibrium. 3. The table below gives both the common and scientific names of five New York State vertebrates. Which two vertebrates are most closely related? A) A and B B) B and E C) C and D D) A and D 4. What is common to all cells? A) All cells have a cell wall B) All cells are photosynthetic C) All cells divide to form new cells D) All cells have a nucleus 5. During an experiment you want to view the nucleus of a cell. How would you most easily view this organelle? A) With a microscope B) With the naked eye C) Using a magnifying glass D) You could not see the nucleus with any of this instruments

6. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and information below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a germinating bean seed that has been split open.

2 6. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and information below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a germinating bean seed that has been split open. When water is available and growth begins, the plant embryo inside the seed secretes enzymes to digest the starch stored in the seed. The enzymes in cells of the plant embryo are produced directly by the A) ribosomes B) nuclei C) mitochondria D) vacuoles 7. Which cell structure is mainly responsible for releasing energy from food molecules in some single-celled organisms? A) ribosome B) chloroplast C) cell membrane D) mitochondrion 8. Which cell structures are correctly paired with their functions? A) The mitochondria produce enzymes, and ribosomes transport them. B) The ribosomes make proteins, and the nucleus stores genetic information. C) The cell membrane make enzymes, and cytoplasm transports them. D) The vacuole stores genetic information, and chloroplasts make proteins. 9. In a multicellular organism, organs carry out a variety of life functions. In a single-celled organism, these functions are performed by A) tissues B) organelles C) organ systems D) organs 10. Which two cell structures work together in the process of protein synthesis? A) nucleus and chloroplast B) ribosome and vacuole C) nucleus and ribosome D) mitochondrion and cell membrane 11. Which sequence represents the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest? A) organism cell tissue organelle organ system organ B) organ system organ organism cell tissue organelle C) organelle organ system cell organism tissue organ D) organelle cell tissue organ organ system organism 12. Which group consists entirely of organic molecules? A) protein, oxygen, fat B) protein, starch, fat C) water, carbon dioxide, oxygen D) water, starch, protein 13. Which of the following is not one of the main classes of macromolecules within cells? A) Carbohydrates B) Proteins C) Nucleic acids D) Water 14. A scientist plans to cut a segment of DNA so that it can be inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, a single-celled organism. The scientist needs to use a special type of organic molecule to perform this cutting process. This molecule is A) a lipid B) a carbohydrate C) an enzyme D) a hormone

3 15. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a chemical reaction that occurs in the human body, and on your knowledge of biology. Which statement describes a characteristic of molecule Z? A) Molecule Z will function at any temperature above 20 C. B) Molecule Z is composed of a string of molecular bases represented by A, T, G, and C) Molecule Z will function best at a specific ph. D) Molecule Z is not specific, so this reaction can be controlled by any other chemical in the body. 16. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. For each of the following phrases, select the molecule, chosen from those shown below, which is best described by that phrase. An example of a carbohydrate A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) Which compound is a polysaccharide? A) glucose B) maltase C) ribose D) starch 18. Which chemical formula represents a carbohydrate? A) CH4 B) C3H7O2N C) Cl2H22O11 D) CO2

4 19. Base your answer to the following question on the structural formula below and on your knowledge of biology. 23. The basic building blocks of a protein are A) glucose molecules B) amino acids C) hormones D) fats The structural formula represents a molecule of A) glucose B) glycerol C) maltose D) alanine 20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents stages in the digestion of a starch, and on your knowledge of biology. The products would most likely contain A) simple sugars B) fats C) amino acids D) minerals 21. Butter and oil are examples of food composed of A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) proteins D) nucleotides 22. What are the building blocks of lipids? A) Glucose B) Amino acids C) Fatty acids and glycerol D) Nucleic acids

24. Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 25. What are the main atoms of a protein molecule?

5 24. Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) What are the main atoms of a protein molecule? A) Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen B) Nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous C) Oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen D) Carbon, phosphorous, and hydrogen 26. The diagram below represents a process that occurs in organisms. Which row in the chart indicates what A and B in the boxes could represent? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

27. Two methods of moving from place to place are represented below. The single-celled ameba moves by a process that involves the flow of cytoplasm.

6 27. Two methods of moving from place to place are represented below. The single-celled ameba moves by a process that involves the flow of cytoplasm. Which statement is best supported by these diagrams? A) Both simple and complex organisms move directly by the movement of cytoplasm. B) Single-celled organisms, like complex organisms, are able to move; however, they differ in the way they carry out this activity. C) Cytoplasm is a fluid substance in simple cells and a solid substance in cells of complex organisms. D) Cells in complex organisms function in the exact same way as cells in simple organisms. 28. Which type of organism helps to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide? A) carnivores B) producers C) decomposers D) herbivores 29. Autotrophs might survive when heterotrophs cannot, because autotrophs are able to A) reproduce asexually B) become dormant C) exist without respiration D) make their own food 30. The chart below lists substances involved in the process of photosynthesis. Which statement best describes how these substances interact in photosynthesis? A) A and B combine to produce C and D. B) B and C combine to produce A and D. C) C and D combine to produce A and B. D) A and C combine to produce B and D.

31. Leaves of green plants contain openings known as stomates, which are opened and closed by specialized cells allowing for gas exchange between the leaf and the outside environment.

A) carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves out B) carbon dioxide and oxygen move in; ozone moves out C) oxygen moves in; nitrogen moves out D) water and ozone move in; carbon dioxide moves out 32.

7 31. Leaves of green plants contain openings known as stomates, which are opened and closed by specialized cells allowing for gas exchange between the leaf and the outside environment. Which phrase best represents the net flow of gases involved in photosynthesis into and out of the leaf through these openings on a sunny day? A) carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves out B) carbon dioxide and oxygen move in; ozone moves out C) oxygen moves in; nitrogen moves out D) water and ozone move in; carbon dioxide moves out 32. The diagram below illustrates the movement of materials involved in a process that is vital for the energy needs of organisms. 34. A student has a hamburger, French fries, and soda for lunch. Which sequence represents the correct order of events in the nutritional processing of this food? A) ingestion digestion absorption egestion B) digestion absorption ingestion egestion C) digestion egestion ingestion absorption D) ingestion absorption digestion egestion 35. Which words best complete the lettered blanks in the two sentences below? Organic compounds, such as proteins and starches, are too A to diffuse into cells. Proteins are digested into B and starches are digested into C. A) A large, B simple sugars, C amino acids B) A small, B simple sugars, C amino acids C) A large, B amino acids, C simple sugars D) A small, B amino acids, C simple sugars 36. Which cell structure is represented by the three-dimensional diagram below? The process illustrated occurs within A) chloroplasts B) mitochondria C) ribosomes D) vacuoles 33. The series of diagrams below represents a process carried out by a unicellular organism. A) chloroplast B) mitochondrion C) plasma membrane D) replicated chromosome This process is known as A) autotrophic nutrition B) replication C) sporulation D) phagocytosis

8 37. Which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is not correct? A) The cell membrane forms a boundary that separates the cellular contents from the outside environment. B) The cell membrane is capable of receiving and recognizing chemical signals. C) The cell membrane forms a barrier that keeps all substances that might harm the cell from entering the cell. D) The cell membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell. 38. In the cells of the human body, oxygen molecules are used directly in a process that A) releases energy B) digests fats C) synthesizes carbohydrate molecules D) alters the genetic traits of the cell 39. The flow of energy through an ecosystem involves many energy transfers. The diagram below summarizes the transfer of energy that eventually powers muscle activity. 41. If a chemical that interrupts cell division is added to a culture of human liver tissue, which process would stop? A) meiosis B) mitosis C) breakdown of glucose D) diffusion of nutrients 42. The diagram below can be used to illustrate a process directly involved in A) tissue repair B) meiosis C) recombination D) sexual reproduction What is the process of cellular respiration represented by? A) arrow A, only B) arrow B, only C) arrow C, only D) arrows A, B, and C 40. Which process allows a mammal to continue to grow in size? A) mitosis of sex cells B) mitosis of body cells C) meiosis of sex cells D) meiosis of body cells

9 43. Which diagram correctly represents a step in the normal process of human reproduction? A) B) C) D) 44. The diagram below represents structures found in a human female. 45. The diagram below represents stages in the processes of reproduction and development in an animal. Cells containing only half of the genetic information characteristic of this species are found at A) A B) B C) C D) D Which process results in the formation of structure X? A) mitosis B) meiosis C) recombination D) cloning

46. The diagram below represents processes involved in human reproduction. Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the processes represented by the letters in the diagram?

10 46. The diagram below represents processes involved in human reproduction. Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the processes represented by the letters in the diagram? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) Compared to a normal body cell, a normal egg cell contains A) the same number of chromosomes B) half the number of chromosomes C) twice the number of chromosomes D) four times the number of chromosomes

11 49. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below and on your knowledge of biology. Formation of the gametes occurs within structures A) A and J B) E and G C) B and I D) D and H 50. The inability of sperm cells to move normally could prevent the production of offspring by interfering with A) meiosis B) mitosis C) fertilization D) differentiation 51. The reproductive system of a male mammal provides A) support for the internal development of the embryo B) materials through the placenta C) a means for the delivery of gametes D) the ovaries for gamete production 52. Blockages caused by a condition known as Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) are represented in the diagram of the female reproductive system below. If blockages of this type occur, the most likely result would be that A) the egg would remain in the uterus and not travel upward B) the female gamete would not be able to unite with the male gamete C) hormones could not be produced by the ovaries D) the process of asexual reproduction would be prevented or interrupted

12 53. The reproductive cycle of a human is usually regulated by A) sex cells B) hormones C) natural selection D) immune responses 54. Which diagram best illustrates an event in sexual reproduction that would most directly lead to the formation of a human embryo? A) B) C) D) 55. The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is known as A) differentiation B) heredity C) immunity D) evolution 56. In canaries, the gene for singing (S) is dominant over the gene for non-singing (s). When singing canaries with two different alleles are mated with non-singing canaries, what percentage of the offspring is likely to possess the singing trait? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100% 57. In canaries, the gene for singing (S) is dominant over the gene for non-singing (s). When hybrid singing canaries are mated with non-singing canaries, what percentage of the offspring is likely to possess the singing trait? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100% 58. A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth is limited as a result of poor nutrition. This is an example of A) an inherited disorder B) environmental influence on gene expression C) expression of a hidden trait D) a characteristic controlled by more than one pair of genes 59. The diagram below represents a microscopic structure observed during mitosis. The region indicated by letter A is known as A) an enzyme B) a gamete C) a gene D) an amino acid 60. A new chemical was discovered and introduced into a culture containing one species of bacteria. Within a day, most of the bacteria were dead, but a few remained alive. Which statement best explains why some of the bacteria survived? A) They had a genetic variation that gave them resistance to the chemical. B) They were exposed to the chemical long enough to develop a resistance to it. C) They mutated and became a different species after exposure to the chemical. D) They absorbed the chemical and broke it down in their digestive systems. 61. The chart below shows the genotype of four babies with regard to blood type. Which baby could not be the child of parents who both have type AB blood? A) W B) X C) Y D) Z

13 62. A laboratory technique is represented in the diagram below. Letter A represents a process. 65. The diagram below represents one process that might occur in cells. Which specific chemicals are needed to successfully carry out the process shown at A? A) receptor molecules B) carbohydrates C) enzymes D) starch molecules 63. Which molecule is correctly paired with its building blocks? A) cellulose polypeptides B) DNA nucleotides C) protein monosaccharides D) fat disaccharides 64. In the diagram below, strands I and II represent portions of a DNA molecule. Which process is represented in the diagram? A) cell reproduction B) meiosis C) mutation D) gene replication 66. Some bacteria are unable to survive unless a certain nutrient is present in their food supply. After exposure to ultraviolet radiation, some of these bacteria are able to synthesize this nutrient. This change is most likely due to A) increased respiration B) exposure to an antigen C) an alteration in a gene D) gamete formation 67. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents some components involved in cellular protein synthesis, and on your knowledge of Biology. Strand II would normally include A) AGC B) TCG C) TAC D) GAT How many codons are located on the messenger RNA molecule in the diagram? A) 1 B) 6 C) 3 D) 9

14 68. The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine A) oxygen molecules B) simple sugars C) amino acids D) biological catalysts 69. A technique used to alter cells is represented in the diagram below. The genetic material contained in the nucleus of each of the new cells is most likely A) identical to that in the original body cell B) identical to that in the original egg cell C) 50% the same as the original egg cell and 50% the same as the original body cell D) 25% the same as the original egg cell and 75% the same as the original body cell 70. The diagram below represents a scientific technique in use today. Scientists have used this technique to A) produce hormones for human use at a lower cost than other methods B) produce pathogens that are able to live in humans C) clone human cells with desired characteristics D) eliminate the need for laboratory production of medicines for humans

15 71. In order for a species to evolve, it must be able to A) consume a large quantity of food B) reproduce successfully C) maintain a constant body temperature D) be domesticated 72. Many scientists believe that the earliest cells on Earth were relatively simple, lacking nuclear membranes and other organized cellular structures. Over time, more complex cells developed from these simple cells. These statements describe the concept of A) inheritance of acquired characteristics B) evolution C) dominance D) use and disuse 73. The diagrams below show the bones in the forelimbs of three different organisms. Which hypothesis do the differences in the bone arrangements support? A) These organisms are members of the same species. B) These organisms may have descended from the same ancestor. C) These organisms have adaptations to survive in different environments. D) These organisms all contain the same genetic information. 74. The diagram below shows the effect of spraying a pesticide on a population of insects over three generations. Which concept is represented in the diagram? A) survival of the fittest B) dynamic equilibrium C) succession D) extinction 75. Many scientists suggest that billions of years ago, life on Earth began with A) simple, single-celled organisms B) simple, multicellular organisms C) complex, single-celled organisms D) complex, multicellular organisms 76. According to the heterotroph hypothesis, some early heterotrophs evolved into autotrophs because of their ability to synthesize organic compounds from water and A) carbon dioxide B) hydrochloric acid C) oxygen D) hydrogen

16 Answer Key Final Review 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. B 41. B 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. C 51. C 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. B 56. C 57. C 58. B 59. C 60. A 61. C 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. C 66. C 67. C 68. C 69. A 70. A 71. B 72. B 73. C 74. A 75. A 76. A

Name # Class Date Regents Review: Cells & Cell Transport

Name # Class Date Regents Review: Cells & Cell Transport 1. All of the following are true regarding cells except? A) All cells have genetic material B) All cells have cell walls C) All cells have plasma