quarterly 2 practice test

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1 Name: Date: 1. The picture below shows an ocean bay food chain. Sea otters move into the ocean bay. They eat all the sea urchins. This change will cause the 3. Ecosystems are composed of all living and nonliving components in an area. Food webs show the flow of nutrients and energy within an ecosystem. Use the food web to answer the following questions.. kelp to have less food.. crabs to have more food.. sea ducks to have less food. D. arctic foxes to have more food. Suppose that a new predator of the rabbit migrated to this ecosystem. What is the most likely initial effect on the other organisms? 2. The diagram below shows a marine food chain. Phytoplankton Zooplankton Herring Salmon The zooplankton in this food chain are. More competition among the mice for food. More competition among the hawks for food. Less competition among snakes for food D. Less grass available for food. primary producers.. primary consumers.. secondary consumers. D. tertiary consumers. 4. What type of organism begins all food chains?. Predator. Producer. onsumer D. Decomposer page 1

2 5. How do nitrogen-fixing bacteria help cycle nitrogen through ecosystems? 7. What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?. They release nitrogen into the atmosphere when they replicate their DN.. They convert sunlight into chemical energy which is then stored in the nitrogen.. They convert ammonia from animal feces and urine into forms that plants can use. D. They capture nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into forms that plants can use.. They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.. They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.. They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem. D. They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem. 6. Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?. calcium. nitrogen. oxygen D. protein page 2

3 8. 9. Many lichens are composed of fungi and algae. The fungi get sugars from the algae, and the algae get water, minerals, and proteins from the fungi. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the organisms in the lichens?. commensalism. competition. mutualism D. parasitism 10. The graph below shows the number of organisms in an ecosystem over time. When the Mount St. Helens volcano erupted, the blast covered much of the surrounding area with ash. ased on the diagram above, which list shows the sequence of secondary succession that followed that eruption?. X, Y, Z, W. Z, X, Y, W. W, Y, X, Z D. Z, Y, W, X Which biological concept is best illustrated by the graph?. natural selection. carrying capacity. geographic isolation D. predator-prey relationships page 3

4 11. marine food web is shown below. Which of the following diagrams correctly represents an energy pyramid from this web?... D. page 4

5 Use the diagram below to answer the question. The last stage of succession in this pond is that the pond will become. deeper and clearer.. filled with soil.. polluted by acid rain. D. salty because of evaporation. In this energy pyramid, which organism would most likely be in level 2?. bird. fox. caterpillar D. tree 13. ll members of one species that live in a small geographic area make up one. phylum.. community.. population. D. ecosystem. 16. In which biome are animals most likely to spend a season hibernating?. desert. grassland. taiga D. tropical rain forest 14. Which biome contains plants that are adapted to areas that have infertile soils and receive constant amounts of precipitation?. Tropical rainforest. Deciduous forest. Savanna D. Taiga 17. Which sequence shows increasing ecological levels of organization?. organism, population, community, ecosystem. ecosystem, population, organism, community. community, ecosystem, population, organism D. population, organism, ecosystem, community page 5

6 18. Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy?. sugar. water. salt D. oxygen 21. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that converts. light energy into chemical energy.. heat energy into mechanical energy.. light energy into electrical energy. D. heat energy into electrical energy. 19. sprig of an Elodea plant was placed in a test tube as shown below. The test tube was then placed in sunlight for 6 hours. 22. The process of cellular respiration occurs in. both plant and animal cells.. plant cells only.. animal cells only. D. neither plant nor animal cells. The bubbles of gas in the diagram are composed mainly of. carbon monoxide. carbon dioxide. nitrogen D. oxygen 23. In which situation would passive transport most likely be used to remove a substance from inside a cell?. when the substance is composed of positive ions 20. In which part of a plant does photosynthesis take place?. bark. flowers. leaves D. roots. when the substance is composed of large protein molecules. when the concentration of the substance is lower outside the cell than inside the cell D. when the concentration of the substance is higher outside the cell than inside the cell page 6

7 24. In the process of photosynthesis, green plants use energy from sunlight to make which product?. carbon dioxide. chlorophyll. sugar D. DN 27. If an animal cell is placed in distilled water, it will swell and burst. The bursting of the cell is a result of which biological process?. active transport. enzyme activity. osmosis D. respiration 25. Which of the following materials are direct products of photosynthesis?. fats and starches. oxygen and sugar. proteins and amino acids D. carbon dioxide and water 28. The diagram below shows changes in the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions inside and outside a nerve cell. These changes prepare the nerve cell to conduct an electrical impulse. 26. In periods of hot, dry weather, the pores on the leaf surfaces of most plants close in order to reduce water loss during the day. When these pores are closed, plants cannot take in carbon dioxide. s a direct result, the rate of which of the following processes decreases? Which of the following processes is directly responsible for these changes in the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions inside and outside the nerve cell?. active transport. enzyme activity. osmosis D. transcription. cellular respiration. mitosis. nitrogen fixation D. photosynthesis page 7

8 29. ells obtain energy from food by aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Which of the following compounds is produced by anaerobic respiration but not aerobic respiration?. Water. Oxygen. Glucose D. Lactic acid 31. Which step in the process of photosynthesis is dependent on light energy?. splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water. splitting carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen D. combining carbon and oxygen into carbon dioxide 32. Using a microscope, a student observes a small, green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy transformation most likely occurs first within the observed organelle? 30. sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane?. TP to light. light to chemical. heat to electrical D. chemical to chemical. Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis.. Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion.. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by osmosis. D. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by active transport. 33. arbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that can move freely across a plasma membrane. What determines the direction that carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules move?. orientation of cholesterol in the plasma membrane. concentration gradient across the plasma membrane. configuration of phospholipids in the plasma membrane D. location of receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane page 8

9 34. Use the illustration below to answer the question. 36. The distribution of chromosomes in one type of cell division is shown in the diagram below. Which statement best describes the phase of the cell cycle shown?. The cell is in prophase of mitosis because the number of chromosomes has doubled.. The cell is in prophase I of meiosis because the number of chromosomes has doubled.. The cell is in telophase of mitosis because the cell is separating and contains two copies of each chromosome. D. The cell is in telophase of meiosis because the cell is separating and contains two copies of each chromosome. Which process and type of resulting cells are represented in the diagram?. mitosis, which produces gametes. mitosis, which produces body cells. meiosis, which produces gametes D. meiosis, which produces body cells 35. Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement best describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis?. Meiosis is a multi-step process.. Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells.. Meiosis is used in the repair of an organism. D. Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells. page 9

10 The diagram shows a cellular process. How is this process used in the bodies of male animals? The diagram above shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?. mutation in which the DN content of the gene is altered. segregation of sister chromatids. condensation and segregation of alleles D. crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged. To produce sperm cells. To produce DN sequences. To produce white blood cells D. To produce digestive enzymes 38. Which of the following sequences represents chromosome number during fertilization?. n + n 2n. 2n n + n. n n D. 2n 2n page 10

11 40. Trisomy 21 is a genetic disorder in which an individual has an extra copy of chromosome 21? Which process could cause trisomy 21?. Failure of a chromosome to replicate during mitosis. Failure of chromosome pairs to join during fertilization. Failure of a chromosome to cross over during replication D. Failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during meiosis 41. What is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?. Mitosis occurs in all the cells in animals and plants, while meiosis occurs in only in bacteria.. In mitosis, the products are identical to the parent cell, while in meiosis the products are different from the parent cell.. In mitosis, one cell divides into two cells, while in meiosis two cells combine to make one cell. D. Mitosis involves separating the chromosomes, while meiosis involves only the cytoplasm of the cell. page 11

12 42. The diagram below provides information about a carrot cell. carrot cell contains 18 chromosomes. Which of the following diagrams illustrates the correct number of chromosomes in new cells produced by mitosis?... D. page 12

13 43. The figure below shows a cell in four stages of a cellular process. Use the figure to answer the following question(s). 44. Which of these processes is most important for the replacement of worn-out body cells?. mitosis. diffusion. meiosis D. absorption Which cellular process is shown in the figure?. fertilization. translation. osmosis D. mitosis 45. n organism has 24 chromosomes in most of its cells. How many chromosomes are in the organism s egg cells? D. 48 page 13

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