Station 1. What is Evolution? What causes Evolution? A primary example of Evolution, is different bird beak sizes. What caused this to occur?

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1 Station 1 What is Evolution? What causes Evolution? A primary example of Evolution, is different bird beak sizes. What caused this to occur?

2 Station 2 What is Survival of the Fittest? How is fitness measured? What is the difference between macroevolution and microevolution?

3 Station 3 What is Natural Selection? What are the 4 principles of Natural Selection? Explain each.

4 Station 4 What are the two types of reproduction and purpose? Which statement belongs to which type or both? Most variation of a species Production of genetically identical offspring Mutations occur Genetic variability expressed through gene shuffling, crossing over, mutations, and recombination of DNA Best type for stable environment Species most likely to survive environmental change

5 Station 5 Why are mutations important for a species? What are the four fields that support Evolution and briefly describe them.

6 Station 6 Biochemistry examines similarities in and which are two things all organisms have in common. What is a transitional fossil?

7 Station 7 What are homologous structures? Provide an example. Explain what these similarities suggest. What are vestigial structures? Provide an example. Explain what these structures suggest.

8 Station 8 What is a gene pool? What is a species? Which type of population would most likely have a wide range of phenotypes and genetic variation? Small or Large Asexual or Sexual Reproduction

9 Station 9 What determines if a phenotype is a good or bad trait? What will happen to the frequency of white bunnies in a snowy environment? Brown bunnies?

10 Station 10 Below are the five aspects that influence genetic variability. Explain each. Genetic Drift Gene Flow Non-random Mating Mutations Natural Selection

11 Station 11 What is genetic equilibrium/hardy-weinberg Principle? What are the requirements? What are the steps to form a new species?

12 Station 12 Environmental factors affect evolution with several patterns. Explain each. Gradualism vs. Punctuated Equilibrium Divergent Evolution vs. Convergent Evolution

13 Station 13 Environmental factors affect evolution with several patterns. Explain each. Coevolution Gradual Extinction vs. Mass Extinction

14 What is the oldest species? Youngest? Station 14 What is the diagram to the right called? What does it show?

15 Concept Map Station 15

16 Concept Map Station 16

17 Agenda Have Study Guide out Quick Review: Genetic Variability Environmental Factors Cladograms Review Evolution Round Robin

18 Station 1 What is Evolution? Change of a species over time What causes Evolution? Environmental changes and variation among the population leads to Natural Selection A primary example of Evolution, is different bird beak sizes. What caused this to occur? Available food

19 Station 2 What is Survival of the Fittest? Individuals with beneficial traits that are best adapted to survive will reproduce more often and pass those traits to the next generation How is fitness measured? How likely individuals are to survive and how many offspring are produced What is the difference between macroevolution and microevolution? Macroevolution- large scale change dealing with multiple populations Microevolution- small scale change dealing with one population

20 Station 3 What is Natural Selection? Survival of the Fittest; ; Individuals with the best characteristics/phenotype will allow them to survive and reproduce. Those that do not have the favored phenotype will not survive and reproduce successfully. What are the 4 principles of Natural Selection? Explain each. Overproduction of Offspring- producing more offspring than environment can support leading to competition for available resources Variation- different bird beaks based on food supply Adaptation- species being able to adjust to changes in environment Descent with Modification- species develop different traits from an ancestor based on their environment (wolf, dogs, coyote, fox, etc.)

21 Station 4 What are the two types of reproduction and purpose? Asexual Reproduction- Produce genetically identical offspring with least amount of variation Sexual Reproduction- increases genetic variation by producing different Which statement belongs to which type or both? Most variation of a species Production of genetically identical offspring Mutations occur BOTH! Sexual Genetic variability expressed through gene shuffling, crossing over, mutations, and recombination of DNA Best type for stable environment Asexual Asexual Species most likely to survive environmental change Sexual

22 Station 5 Why are mutations important for a species? Helps develop/introduce new phenotypes to help the species survive and increases genetic variation What are the four fields that support Evolution and briefly describe them. Anatomy- examines similarities in homologous structures Biochemistry- compares DNA and proteins Embryology- determines similarities in patterns with embryo development Paleontology- examines the fossil record

23 Station 6 Biochemistry examines similarities in Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA) Proteins/Amino Acids and which are two things all organisms have in common. What is a transitional fossil? Intermediate fossil that shows links between two species Example: Archaeopteryx (birds and reptiles)

24 Station 7 What are homologous structures? Provide an example. Explain what these similarities suggest. Structures that are similar in shape but have different functions/jobs Example: human arm, whale fin, bat wing, cat leg Suggests organism have a common ancestor What are vestigial structures? Provide an example. Explain what these structures suggest. Organs that no longer have purpose or function. Examples: Humans appendix, third eye-lid, male nipples, sinuses, coccyx Whale and snake hip bones Suggests at one time the species used them but over time they have become unneeded.

25 Station 8 What is a gene pool? What is a species? All available alleles that can be inherited in the next generation by individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can produce fertile and healthy offspring Which type of population would most likely have a wide range of phenotypes and genetic variation? Small or Large Asexual or Sexual Reproduction Large Sexual Reproduction

26 Station 9 What determines if a phenotype is a good or bad trait? Improves or decreases the likelihood that an individual can find resources (food, shelter, water, mate), adapt for survival, and reproduce What will happen to the frequency of white bunnies in a snowy environment? Brown bunnies? White fur phenotype will increase in frequency/number where brown fur phenotype will decrease and eventually be eliminated

27 Station 10 Below are the five aspects that influence genetic variability. Explain each. Genetic Drift Gene Flow Non-random Mating Mutations Natural Selection Overtime the allele frequency will increase/decrease for specific trait (color, shape, size, etc.) Movement of INDIVIDUALS into or out of population Certain traits improve or decrease change of mating (Peacocks) Change in DNA that result in increased variation Survival of the Fittest

28 Station 11 What is genetic equilibrium/hardy-weinberg Principle? What are the requirements? No change in allele frequency- remains constant Requirements: no mutation, random mating, no genetic drift or gene flow, no Natural Selection What are the steps to form a new species? Population of a species becomes isolated/separated (examples: river, earthquake, etc.) and begin to develop different characteristics by adapting to their environment. If they are no longer isolated, the two groups cannot reproduce.

29 Station 12 Environmental factors affect evolution with several patterns. Explain each. Gradualism vs. Punctuated Equilibrium Slow change of a species sudden/rapid change within species Divergent Evolution vs. Convergent Evolution A species splits creating two species Cat family, different bird beaks two species that are not related develop similar characteristics (analogous characteristics) Bird wing, bat wing,, butterfly wing

30 Station 13 Environmental factors affect evolution with several patterns. Explain each. Coevolution Two species in close proximity evolving in response to one another. Ex: Predator/Prey, Flowers/Insects Gradual Extinction vs. Mass Extinction Slow elimination of a species sudden/rapid removal species

31 Station 14 What is the diagram to the right called? Phylogenetic Tree What does it show? Proposed evolutionary history What is the oldest species? Youngest? Oldest- Shark (diverged first) Youngest- Human, Whale (diverged most recently)

32 Concept Map Station 15

33 Concept Map Station 16

34 Now? Notebooks due tomorrow and DUT pages 168, 170, 172

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