evolution Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1 evolution Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Biologists in Darwin s time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. How did Darwin contribute to these ideas? a. He found many fossils that showed that these changes could not possibly happen on islands. b. He figured out and explained how these changes happened and supported his ideas with evidence. c. He made guesses about how these changes happened, and wrote experiments that could be used to test these guesses. d. He was the first person to truly believe that these changes happened, and he worked very hard to convince others. 2. Charles Darwin s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches a. have the ability to interbreed. b. acquired traits through use and disuse. c. all eat the same type of food. d. descended from a common ancestor. 3. Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin s observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands? a. artificial selection b. adaptation c. acquired characteristics d. tendency towards perfection 4. When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of a. acquired characteristics. b. descent with modification. c. artificial selection. d. natural selection.

2 Figure In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in Figure 16 1 are a. examples of fossils. b. vestigial structures. c. acquired traits. d. examples of natural variation. 6. Inducing mutations in a population a. decreases the genetic variation in the population. b. results in organisms with very similar traits. c. is a method of cloning. d. increases the genetic variation in the population. 7. A change in the number or structure of a chromosome is an example of a a. chromosomal mutation. b. beneficial mutation c. harmful mutation. d. silent mutation. 8. Why is genetic variation important in helping a species survive? a. The more varied a population, the less likely the environment is to change. b. If the environment changes, some members of the species will probably have adaptations that enable them to survive and reproduce. c. Disease rarely affects a population that has a lot of genetic variety. d. If the environment stays the same, a species with genetic variety will probably evolve rapidly. 9. Because they are made up of similar bones, the flippers of whales and the wings of birds are examples of a. vestigial organs. b. embryos. c. fossil structures. d. homologous structures. 10. The wings of a bird and the front legs of a dog are a. analogous structures. b. acquired characteristics. c. homologous structures. d. vestigial structures. 11. Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. This idea is known as a. survival of the fittest. b. struggle for existence. c. descent with modification. d. common descent.

12. Which interaction is shown? a. Commensalism b. Mutualism c. Parasitism d. Predation 13. Some of the bacteria found in the human digestive system help us to break down and digest food.

3 12. Which interaction is shown? a. Commensalism b. Mutualism c. Parasitism d. Predation 13. Some of the bacteria found in the human digestive system help us to break down and digest food. In return, the bacteria obtain food and nutrients. This type of relationship is known as a. coexistence. b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. parasitism. 14. By hunting at different times of day, hawks and owls are able to reduce a. predation. b. competition. c. adaptation. d. parasitism. 15. The diagram shows the relationship of vertebrates to a common ancestor.

According to this information, which fossil would you expect to be most similar to the fossil of a thecodont? a. Pterosaur fossil b. modern bird fossil c. Plesiosaur fossil d.

4 According to this information, which fossil would you expect to be most similar to the fossil of a thecodont? a. Pterosaur fossil b. modern bird fossil c. Plesiosaur fossil d. turtle fossil 16. The diagram shows homologous body structures of four different organisms. The similarities in these structures indicate that the organisms shared a common ancestor.

What is the best explanation for the differences between the structures? a. The structures have changed to serve the same function in different organisms. b. The structures adapted to different purposes through descent with modification.

5 What is the best explanation for the differences between the structures? a. The structures have changed to serve the same function in different organisms. b. The structures adapted to different purposes through descent with modification. c. The structures each evolved separately from different original structures. d. None of the other answer choices 17. New technology has allowed scientists to investigate mutations and to gather information about the role of mutations in evolution. What question about mutations is beyond the scope of scientific investigation? a. Which mutations lead to traits that increase fitness? b. Which mutations produce desirable changes in populations? c. What effect do mutations have on the amount of variation in the population? d. Can pollutants in the environment change the rate at which mutations occur? 18. Populations within ecosystems interact in many ways. Some of these interactions affect the evolution of a population. Which ecological interaction is required for natural selection to act on a population? a. competition b. mutualism c. parasitism d. predation 19. The process by which organisms change over time is known as a. evolution. b. diversity. c. unity. d. descent. 20. Which choice describes the abiotic factor that may have led to the evolution of the Isabela Island Tortoise and the Hood Island Tortoise? a. The sparse vegetation available to the Hood Island Tortoise b. The abundant vegetation available to the Isabela Island Tortoise c. The very different amounts of rainfall on the two islands d. Both A and B describe an abiotic factor. 21. What happens in the process of natural selection? a. The organisms that produce the most offspring survive. b. The organisms with the least variations are best suited to survive harsh conditions.

6 c. The organisms that have the adaptations best suited to their environment tend to survive and leave more offspring. d. The organisms that develop a beneficial characteristic in their lifetime tend to survive and pass the trait to their offspring. 22. _ structures share a common ancestry, but not necessarily a common function, while _ structures share a common function, but do not share a common ancestry. a. Analogous; homologous b. Homologous; analogous c. Vestigial; analogous d. Homologous; evolutionary 23. Similar patterns of embryological development provide evidence that organisms have descended from a(n) a. large pool of ancestors. b. common ancestor. c. organism on the Galápagos islands. d. organism with vestigial structures. 24. At the molecular level, overwhelming similarities in the _ of all organisms, along with clearly homologous molecules, provide evidence of common descent. a. structures b. functions c. genetic code d. cell walls 25. The table shows the color distribution of a lizard population in an environment. What conclusion can be drawn using only the information in the table? a. Yellow lizards can move more quickly than red or brown lizards. b. Yellow lizards are more likely than brown or red lizards to survive to reproduce. c. Yellow lizards are least likely to be seen by predators. d. Yellow lizards can use food sources that red and brown lizards cannot. 26. The graph below shows the survival rate of ground finches during a certain period of time.

Which conclusion is supported by the data in the graph? a. Birds with shorter beaks have greater reproductive success. b. There is very little variation in beak size within the bird population.

7 Which conclusion is supported by the data in the graph? a. Birds with shorter beaks have greater reproductive success. b. There is very little variation in beak size within the bird population. c. Birds' beaks continue to grow longer even after the birds reach adulthood. d. None of these 27. The diagram shows the relationships of several living and extinct species.

8 Based on the information shown, which pair of organisms would have the most similar genetic information? a. West African manatee and Brazilian manatee b. Mastodon and Steler's sea cow c. African elephant and Asian elephant d. Dugong and Steler's sea cow 28. Ticks can live on dogs, cats and other mammals. The ticks benefit but the mammal is harmed. This relationship is called a. parasitism. b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. competition. 29. Camouflage, mimicry, and behavior are all adaptations that support the idea of a. inherited traits. b. survival of the fittest. c. struggle for existence. d. individualism. 30. Some examples of Galápagos Island finches are shown in the diagram.

9 Notice the differences in the sizes and shapes of the beaks. As part of Peter and Rosemary Grant's study of natural selection in Galápagos finches they gathered information to test the following hypothesis: For beak size and shape to evolve, there must be enough heritable variation in beak size and shape to provide raw material for natural selection. What is one source of this heritable variation in beak size and shape? a. Competition for scarce resources b. Creation of new allele combinations during sexual reproduction c. Changes in environmental conditions, including food sources d. Changes in reproductive rates of finch species

10 evolution Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: State Charles Darwin's contribution to science. STA: Bio.3F Bio.2C Bio.7A TOP: PE_ML_BIO_2014_C16_MC4 BLM: knowledge 2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 OBJ: State Charles Darwin's contribution to science. STA: Bio.3F Bio.2C Bio.7A TOP: PE_ML_BIO_2014_C16_MC5 3. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe the three patterns of biodiversity noted by Darwin. STA: Bio.3F Bio.2C Bio.7A TOP: PE_ML_BIO_2014_C16_MC7 4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: Explain the role of inherited variation in artificial selection. STA: Bio.3F Bio.7D TOP: PE_ML_BIO_2014_C16_MC22 5. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of evolutionary change. STA: Bio.7A TOP: PE_ML_BIO_2014_C16_MC39 BLM: application 6. ANS: D PTS: 0 DIF: L2 OBJ: Identify the sources of genetic variation in a population. STA: Bio.7F TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ ANS: A PTS: 0 DIF: L2 OBJ: Define mutations and describe the different types of mutations. STA: Bio.6E TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: knowledge 8. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L1 OBJ: Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs. STA: Bio.7D Bio.7E Bio.12B TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ ANS: D PTS: 0 DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of evolutionary change. STA: Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: knowledge 10. ANS: C PTS: 0 DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of evolutionary change. STA: Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: knowledge 11. ANS: A PTS: 0 DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs. STA: Bio.7D TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: knowledge 12. ANS: D PTS: 0 DIF: L1 OBJ: Describe the role predation and herbivory play in shaping communities. STA: Bio.12A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_167607

11 BLM: knowledge 13. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L1 OBJ: Identify the three primary interdependent relationships among organisms. STA: Bio.12A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: knowledge 14. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L1 OBJ: Identify the limiting factors that depend on population density. STA: Bio.12A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ ANS: A PTS: 0 DIF: L3 OBJ: Explain the principle of common descent and what it suggests about the unity and diversity of life. STA: Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: analysis 16. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L3 OBJ: Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of evolutionary change. STA: Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: evaluation 17. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L3 OBJ: State the goals of science. STA: Bio.7F Bio.2A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: evaluation 18. ANS: A PTS: 0 DIF: L3 OBJ: Describe the role predation and herbivory play in shaping communities. STA: Bio.10B TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: analysis 19. ANS: A PTS: 0 DIF: L1 OBJ: State Charles Darwin's contribution to science. STA: Bio.3F Bio.2C Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: knowledge 20. ANS: C PTS: 0 DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe the three patterns of biodiversity noted by Darwin. STA: Bio.3F Bio.2C Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ ANS: C PTS: 0 DIF: L1 OBJ: Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs. STA: Bio.7D TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of evolutionary change. STA: Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L1 OBJ: Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of evolutionary change. STA: Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ ANS: C PTS: 0 DIF: L2 OBJ: Explain how molecular evidence can be used to trace the process of evolution. STA: Bio.6B 25. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L3 TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ OBJ: Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs. STA: Bio.7D Bio.2G TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_258222

12 BLM: analysis 26. ANS: D PTS: 0 DIF: L3 OBJ: Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs. STA: Bio.12A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: synthesis 27. ANS: C PTS: 0 DIF: L3 OBJ: Explain the principle of common descent and what it suggests about the unity and diversity of life. STA: Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: analysis 28. ANS: A PTS: 0 DIF: L1 OBJ: Identify the three primary interdependent relationships among organisms. STA: Bio.12A TOP: PH_EN_SC_CB_2008_4_ BLM: knowledge 29. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L1 OBJ: Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs. STA: Bio.7D TOP: PH_EN_SC_CB_2008_4_ BLM: knowledge 30. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L3 OBJ: Explain how different factors affect genetic equilibrium. STA: Bio.7F TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_ BLM: analysis

chatper 17 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

chatper 17 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine