Course Information for Introductory Biology II: Biology at the Macroscopic Level

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1 Course Information for COURSE NUMBER: COURSE TITLE: BL1021 Introductory Biology II: Biology at the Macroscopic Level COURSE DESCRIPTION: This is a Biology course designed for students who have successfully passed Introductory Biology I. Students will carry over their knowledge from Introductory Biology I to gain a thorough understanding of Biology at the macroscopic level. A combination of both Introductory Biology I and II will achieve better understanding of basic concepts that are required for success in various Biology courses in Health Sciences, Natural Resources and/or University programs. Students will be expected to complete assignments and labs to show their understanding of the concepts. PREREQUISITES: CO-REQUISITES: BL Introductory Biology I None CREDIT VALUE: Four (4) COURSE HOURS PER WEEK: Three (3) LAB HOURS PER WEEK: Two (2) SUGGESTED TEXT: Simon, E. J., Reece, J. B., & Dickey, J. L. (2010). Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (3 rd ed.). Toronto, ON: Pearson Education Canada. ISBN 10: ; ISBN 13: BL1021 Laboratory Manual and Workbook. College of the North Atlantic, Prince Philip Drive, St. John s, NL LEARNING RESOURCES: Pechenik, J. (2009). Short guide to writing about Biology (7 th ed.). New York, NY: Longman Publishing. ISBN 10: X; ISBN 13: MAJOR TOPICS: 1.0 Multicellular Structure 2.0 Plants 3.0 Animals College of the North Atlantic BL1021 Page 1 of 6

2 4.0 Animal Systems 5.0 Evolution and Populations 6.0 Ecology 7.0 Communities and Ecosystems LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1.0 Multicellular Structure 2.0 Plants 1.1 Define tissues, organs and organ systems in relation to division of labor 1.2 Describe and compare the four main protist groups. Explain how these different groups impact our lives 1.3 Describe the structure of multicellular protists, using examples, as organisms that do not display division of labor 1.4 Describe the structure of multicellular fungi, using examples, as organisms that do not display division of labor 1.5 Compare unicellular to multicellular life, and explain the advantages of each system 2.1 The Move Onto Land Describe the process by which algae likely evolved onto land Distinguish between algae and plants. Describe the functions of the following terrestrial adaptations: stomata, cuticle, lignin, vascular tissue, and gametangia Describe the four major periods of plant evolution Explain how mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms differ 2.2 Plant Structure Describe a typical plant cell with organelles and structures that are specific to plant cells Describe the basic characteristics of plants and further describe plants as multicellular organisms with tissues, organs and organ systems Describe the four organs of a flowering plant; roots, stems, leaves and flowers Compare the structure of monocots and dicots Compare the structures and functions of root and shoot systems Define a taproot, runner, rhizome, tuber, and tendril Compare the structures and functions of the epidermis, vascular tissue system (xylem and phloem), and ground tissue system of roots and shoots Compare the structure of a leaf, root and stem as organs composed of various tissues: dermal,, ground and vascular tissue Relate the structure of the leaf to its function of photosynthesis and transpiration College of the North Atlantic BL1021 Page 2 of 6

3 2.3 Plant Life Cycles Describe the parts of a flower and their functions. Relate this structure to the life cycle of an angiosperm Compare the alternation of generations found in bryophytes and angiosperms, defining gametophyte, gametes, sporophyte, spores, zygote, fertilization, mitosis and meiosis Explain how a seed forms Describe the formation and functions of fruit 3.0 Animals 3.1 Evolution of Animals Describe a typical animal cell Describe the basic characterisitics of animals and further describe animals as multicellular organisms composed of tissues, organs and organ systems Distinguish among the nine major animal phyla (Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Ecinodermata, Chordata) according to the presence or type of tissues, body symmetry, and body cavities Define vertebrate versus invertebrate, giving examples of various vertebrates Describe the general structure of the invertebrate phyla Describe the four characteristics of phylum Chordata Describe the adaptations of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds Distinguish among monotremes, marsupials, and eutherian mammals, and provide examples of each. Describe the characteristics common to all mammals 3.2 Animal Structure and Function Describe the hierarchical levels of organization in an animal Describe several examples of how form fits function in biological structure Define and compare anatomy and physiology Define a tissue. Describe the four main categories of animal tissues, noting examples of each. Describe the relationships among tissues, organs, and organ systems Explain how an animal's size and shape affect how it exchanges energy and materials with its surrounding environment Define homeostasis and illustrate with an example Define thermoregulation and compare the characteristics of endotherms and ectotherms Describe adaptations, in humans and other animals, that aid in thermoregulation 4.0 Animal Systems College of the North Atlantic BL1021 Page 3 of 6

4 4.1 Define and distinguish among herbivores, carnivores and omnivores 4.2 Describe the four stages of animal nutrition, i.e. ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination 4.3 Describe the human digestive system and relate to function 4.4 Compare the human digestive tract to the digestive compartment found in other animals 4.5 Define and distinguish among malnutrition, undernutrition, and obesity 4.6 Describe the three main components of circulatory systems and explain why most animals require a circulatory system 4.7 Define open circulatory system and closed circulatory system 4.8 Describe the components and functions of the human cardiovascular system 4.9 Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems cooperate to facilitate gas exchange 4.10 List four types of respiratory surfaces and give examples of animals that use them 4.11 Describe the human respiratory system and relate to function 4.12 Describe the body s nonspecific external and internal defense mechanisms 4.13 Describe the general structure and functions of the lymphatic system 4.14 Describe the human immune system as a specific defense system and describe the components that are part of the immune system 4.15 Describe the human endocrine system and relate to function 4.16 Describe the types of reproduction found in animals and distinguish between internal and external fertilization 4.17 Compare the structure and function of the female and male human reproductive system 4.18 Describe human development from fertilization to birth 4.19 Describe the structure and function of the human nervous system and compare to other animals 4.20 Describe the five general categories of sensory receptors found in animals. Note examples of each 4.21 Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeletons. Describe three types of joints and provide examples of each 4.22 Describe the components of animals motor systems including the relationship of muscle to skeleton 4.23 Define the process of osmoregulation. Distinguish between osmoconformers and osmoregulators 4.24 Describe the components and functions of the human excretory system and how it contributes to the process of osmoregulation 5.0 Evolution and Populations 5.1 Define evolution 5.2 Explain how each of the following provides evidence that evolution occurs: fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology and molecular biology 5.3 Describe natural selection and adaptive evolution, including Darwin s observations College of the North Atlantic BL1021 Page 4 of 6

5 5.4 Define a population, describe its properties, and explain why a population is the smallest unit of evolution 5.5 Discuss the mechanisms of microevolution and distinguish between the following set of terms: genetic drift versus gene flow; the founder effect versus bottleneck effect; and directional selection, diversifying selection, and stabilizing selection 5.6 Describe the processes included in the study of macroevolution and distinguish between nonbranching and branching evolution 5.7 Define the biological species concept and distinguish between different types of reproductive isolating mechanisms and speciation 6.0 Ecology 6.1 Define ecology, and distinguish between abiotic and biotic components of the environment 6.2 Define biosphere and the four levels of ecology 6.3 Distinguish between the science of ecology and the term environmentalism 6.4 Explain why the biosphere is patchy. List and describe the major abiotic factors affecting the distribution of life in the biosphere 6.5 Define population ecology and population density 6.6 Explain how the mark-recapture method can be used to estimate population size 6.7 Compare the circumstances that produce clumped, uniform, and random dispersion patterns 6.8 Compare the exponential growth model to the logistic growth model. Describe examples of each 6.9 Distinguish between density-dependent and density-independent factors 6.10 Compare and give examples of the three general types of survivorship curves 6.11 Compare the characteristics of species that show opportunistic or equilibrial life histories. Describe examples of each 7.0 Communities and Ecosystems 7.1 Define a community and describe the four key properties of a community 7.2 Discuss the interspecific interaction in communities including competition, predation, symbiotic relationships and community networks 7.3 Define the competitive exclusion principle and describe the process of resource partitioning 7.4 Explain how predation maintains species diversity 7.5 Describe ecological succession and distinguish between primary and secondary succession 7.6 Explain why stability and balance are not characteristic of most communities 7.7 Define ecosystems and give examples to show the interactions between communities and their environment 7.8 Define trophic levels as part of food chains and food webs within ecosystems 7.9 Define producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers 7.10 Discuss energy flow in ecosystems, including the energy pyramids and the laws of thermodynamics College of the North Atlantic BL1021 Page 5 of 6

6 7.11 Discuss the importance of the biogeochemical cycles in ecosystems including the carbon and nitrogen cycle 7.12 Define biomes, using examples, and discuss the influence climate has on biome distribution 7.13 Discuss various human impacts on biological communities and ecosystems LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR THE LABORATORY: The following laboratory objectives are incorporated throughout the biology course. 1. Investigate the multicellular structure of Protists and Fungi. 2. Investigate the various plant structures. 3. Dissect a fetal pig to observe structure and function of mammalian organ systems. This lab will require supervision. 4. Investigate population sampling methods in Biology. 5. Investigate the diversity of organisms at a community level. EVALUATION: Labs/Assignments: 15% Tests: 30% Midterm Exam: 15% Final Exam: 40% Pass Mark: 50% DATE DEVELOPED: December 2004 DATE REVIEWED: REVISION NUMBER: 4 DATE REVISED: July 2012 Effective PeopleSoft Date: Note to instructor: Check PIRS to ensure this outline is the most current version. College of the North Atlantic BL1021 Page 6 of 6