Dichotomous Key for Genus Problematica

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1 Evolution Summative Assessment DO NOT WRITE ON TEST 1. Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from pale to dark after pollution from factories resulting in coating tree trunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is true concerning industrial melanism? a. After the pollution occurred, moths became dark because soot got on their wings. b. The dark moths survived better after the pollution because they were not poisoned by the pollutants. c. Individual moths changed their color in response to the pollution. d. Due to variation in the population, some dark moths were present in the population even before pollution occurred. 2. The tongue of frog species X is sticky and it is well suited for trapping flying insects. Other frogs have less sticky tongues. The sticky tongue of species X is an example of a. a fossil b. an adaptation c. evolution d. use and disuse Dichotomous Key for Genus Problematica Thorax and abdomen are entirely black Problematica alva Thorax is striped and abdomen is black Go to 2 Antennae is curled Problematica brancus Antennae is straight Go to 3 Entire wing span is longer than body Problematica cantrellis Entire wing span is shorter than body Go to 4 Wings are curly Problematica vestigialis Wings are not present Problematica apteris 3. Using the chart above, to which species does the insect to the right belong? a. Problematica alva b. Problematica brancus c. Problematica cantrellis d. Problematica vestigialis The following items are to be answered with this key. Identify the person(s) who are associated with each statement. a. Lamarck b. Darwin c. both Lamarck and Darwin d. neither one 4. Most used organs will develop, and unused organs will waste away. 5. Because an individual becomes stronger or faster its offspring will have these traits. 6. Organisms are fixed species and never change. 7. Organisms will develop new body structures when needed. 8. A species will change over many generations when individuals with certain traits produce more offspring than individuals with other traits.

2 9. Natural selection acts on which in turn may result in the evolution of over time. a. Populations, individuals b. Individuals, species c. Individuals, Individuals d. Individuals, families 10. How does natural selection contribute to the theory of evolution? a. Over time, natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. b. Natural selection selects for the same animals every time c. Natural selection results from use and disuse. d. Over time, natural selection evolves individuals. 11. In his book On the Origin of the Species, Charles Darwin described how species change over time. Which of the following is NOT part of his observations that describes the mechanisms of natural selection? a. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. b. Organisms pass on acquired characteristics to their offspring. c. Species today descended with modifications from ancestral species. d. Organisms with advantages will survive and reproduce. 12. Which of the following principles is part of Lamarck s theory of evolution? a. Evolution is a gradual process that occurs over long periods of time. b. Variation occurs among individuals in a population when individuals strive to improve themselves. c. More individuals are born than will survive. d. Individuals that possess the most favorable variations have the best chance of reproducing. 13. The streamline shape of sharks and whales, similar but not due to a common ancestor is an example of: a. Analogous traits b. Homologous traits c. Artificial selection d. Vestigial traits 14. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Analogous structures demonstrate common ancestry. b. Homologous structures are the same body parts that are modified in different ways in different lines of descent from a common ancestor. c. Fossils can show evolutionary changes in bones and teeth. d. The more similarity in the structure of two proteins from different organisms, the more closely related the organisms are. 15. Which pattern of evolution results in one species becoming many over time? a. Adaptive radiation b. Convergent evolution c. Gene flow d. Analogous structures 16. Which of the following is probably the best explanation for the fact that Antarctic penguins cannot fly, although there is evidence that millions of years ago their ancestors could do so? a. Penguins live on land and feed in the water; therefore they have no need to fly. b. The Antarctic home of penguins is flat and barren; therefore there is no place to fly. c. Ancestral penguins without large wings were better able to swim and feed in the water; therefore they passed their genes for shorter wings structure onto their offspring. d. Ancestral penguins did not use their wings for long periods of time; therefore today s penguins have only tiny, nonfunctional wings.

3 Below is a cladogram missing some of its parts. Use the derived characteristic chart to the right of the cladogram and this cladogram to answer questions Earthworm Trout Lizard Human B. A. Backbone Organism Derived Character Backbone Legs Hair Earthworm Absent Absent Absent Trout Present Absent Absent 17. Which derived character does letter A represent? a. Backbone b. Legs c. Hair d. Eyes Lizard Present Present Absent Human Present Present Present 18. Which derived character does letter B represent? a. Backbone b. Legs c. Hair d. Eyes 19. What trait separates the LEAST closely related organism from the other animals? a. Hair b. Legs c. Backbone d. None of the above 20. From this cladogram, we can conclude that shares the most recent common ancestor with humans. a. Lizard b. Trout c. Earthworm d. None share with humans 21. During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception? a. Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes. b. Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits. c. Overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival. d. Only favorable adaptations have survival value. e. Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.

4 The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms. 22. Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram above? a. The organisms share a common ancestry. b. The organisms belong to the same genus. c. The organisms are native to the same geographic areas. d. The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults. 23. Over evolutionary time, many cave dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses? a. Natural selection cannot account for losses, only for innovations. b. Natural selection accounts for these losses by the principle of use and disuse. c. Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits. d. The ancestors of these organisms experienced harmful mutations that forced them to find new habitats that these species had not previously used. 24. Why has evolution resulted in antibiotic resistance in bacteria? a. Bacteria change their metabolism to cope with the presence of antibiotics b. Bacteria resistant to the antibiotics survive to pass on this characteristic to their offspring c. Viruses and bacteria are both killed by antibiotics if the entire course of antibiotics is taken. d. Bacteria have learned how to neutralize effects of antibiotics and pass that onto their offspring 25. To be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a population must be a. very small, have random mating, no immigration or emigration, no mutations, no natural selection. b. very large, have random mating, high immigration and emigration, many mutations, natural selection. c. small, have nonrandom mating, no immigration or emigration, many mutations, no natural selection. d. very large, have random mating, no immigration or emigration, no mutations, no natural selection. 26. In a populations with two alleles. B and b, the allele frequency of b is 0.3. What would be the frequency of the heterozygotes if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? a. 0.9 b c d Dog breeds such as beagles, Border collies and German shepherds were produced by the process of a. natural selection b. artificial selection c. descent without modification d. inheritance of acquired characteristics

5 Evolution Answer Sheet NAME PER Record Multiple Choice Answers Below Mouse Species Number of amino acids that differ from 27 those in a human hemoglobin protein chain (total chain length =146 amino acids) Human 0 Rhesus monkey 8 Frog 67 Chicken 45 Lamprey 125 Mouse 27 Extended Response Questions 28. Explain how the data above can be used for evidence of evolution. Which species are most closely and most distantly related to humans? Use evidence to support your answer. (3 points) 29. The scientific theory of evolution is supported by different types of evidence. The diagrams below show the skeletons of two different animal species, Modern Whale (A & B) and Maiacetus (C & D). How does comparing the skeletons of these animals provide support for the scientific theory of evolution? Use two examples from the picture below and explain how each provides support for the theory of evolution. (4 points)

6 30. The following dragons were caught out in the field. NO WINGS is a recessive trait. Using the information below, find the allele and genotype frequencies for this population. (3 points) Show your work here! 33. Using two specific examples from Super Croc or Dogs & More Dogs, explain how adaptations help organisms survive and reproduce. (4 points) a. b.