1. T/F: Genetic variation leads to evolution. 2. What is genetic equilibrium? 3. What is speciation? How does it occur?

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1 1. T/F: Genetic variation leads to evolution. 2. What is genetic equilibrium? 3. What is speciation? How does it occur?

2 Warm UP Notes on Environmental Factor Concept Map Brief 6 questions and Concept Map Work on: Bird Beak Lab; Speciation Activity; and Study Guide

3 Date:

4 Catastrophic events Climate change Continental drift

5 Generally it affects evolution on a LARGE scale over MANY generations (macroevolution) There are several patterns Gradualism Punctuated equilibrium Adaptive radiation/divergent evolution Convergent evolution Coevolution Extinction

6 Gradual changes of a species in a specific way over long periods of time Example: gradual trend toward a larger or smaller body size

7 Sudden changes in a species after little change for many, many years Example: Sudden change in species size or shape due to environmental factors

8 A number of different species diverge (split off) from a common ancestor Over many generations, organisms with the same common ancestor evolve a variety of characteristics that allow them to survive in different niches Niche = how the organism affects and is affected by the environment and resources

9 Evolution among different groups of organisms living in smaller environments produces species that are similar in appearance and behavior Produces many analogous structures in organisms today Analogous structures are similar in appearance and function, but have different evolutionary origins

10 Two or more species living in close proximity change in response to each other The evolution of one species may affect the evolution of another

11 Elimination of a species when the entire species cannot adapt to a change in its environment Two types Gradual extinction Mass extinction

12 Occurs at a slow rate May be due to Other organisms Changes in climate Natural disasters Speciation and gradual extinction occur at approximately the same rate

13 Occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment very suddenly Like a volcanic eruption or a meteor hitting the earth and causing massive climate change It is often impossible for a species to adapt to rapid and extreme environmental changes

14 Essential Question: How has biological evolution led to the diversity of life? B-5 Traits that make an organism more or less likely to. Explains Biological Evolution Microevolution vs. 4 Principles Variation phenotype of inherited traits influence ability to survive Adaptation increase fittest traits Evidence of Biological Evolution Anatomy- structures of organisms examine Embryology- development of organisms O Biochemistry- (which all organisms share) Paleontology- examine fossil record Natural Selection and Evolution Phylogenetic Trees Diagram representing which is used for classification Estimate divergence of species Closer brackets Distanced bracket Reproduction- passing genetic information to the next generation Sexual Meiosis and Gametes - leads to better chance of survival Offspring express phenotype that are better suited to an environment will survive and produce Asexual Cell division such as Mitosis or Binary Fission Genetically identical Produce offspring for environment Genetic Variability- of species phenotype (introduced ) Species share common gene pool ( ) -- change may spread through population if Factors influence variability -- genetic drift mutation --natural selection Speciation may occur- creating a new species -- gradualism extinction

15 Genetic Variability- of species phenotype (introduced by mutations) Species share common gene pool (all genes of population) change may spread through population if increases fitness Factors influence variability genetic drift -- non-random mating gene flow -- mutation --natural selection No Change in alleles and variability throughout time- Hardy Weinberg Principle/Genetic Equilibrium Speciation may occur- creating a new species gradualism -- punctuated equilibrium Divergent evolution --Convergent evolution Coevolution -- extinction

16 Phylogenetic Trees Diagram representing evolutionary history of a species which is used for classification Estimate divergence of species Closer brackets more related Distanced bracket less related

17 Interims on Friday; Retake Answer 6 Questions from PPT Concept Maps When finished. Work on bird beak lab; speciation activity Study guide (DUE WEDNESDAY!!!!) Study for your quiz TOMORROW!!!! ( )

18 Give examples of environmental factors/events. T/F: The environment usually affects evolution on a small scale. List 6 ways that environment can affect evolution. Briefly describe each. What is a niche? What are analogous structures? How are they different from homologous ones? What's the difference between gradual and mass extinction?