Directed Reading A. Section: Bacteria CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA. bacteria? a. cocci b. spirilla c. flagella d. bacilli.
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1 Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Bacteria 1 Which of the following is true of bacteria? a All bacteria are the same size b Most bacteria can be seen without a microscope c There are fewer bacteria on Earth than most other living things d There are more bacteria on Earth than any other living thing CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA 2 How many kingdoms of living things are there? a one c six b two d ten 3 What two kingdoms of living things do bacteria belong to? a Eubacteria and Archaebacteria b Fungi and Animalia c Archaebacteria and Fungi d Protista and Plantae 4 Eubacteria and Archaebacteria contain a all of the forms of life on Earth b the oldest forms of life on Earth c the youngest forms of life on Earth d none of the forms of life on Earth 5 All bacteria have a one cell b two cells c three cells d hundreds of cells 6 Which of the following is NOT one of the most common shapes of bacteria? a cocci b spirilla c flagella d bacilli 7 What determines a bacteria s shape? a its size b the kingdom it belongs to c its color d its cell wall Holt Science and Technology 1 Bacteria and Viruses
2 Match the correct description with the correct term Write the letter in the space 8 rod-shaped 9 long, spiral-shaped 10 spherical a cocci b bacilli c spirilla 11 Some bacteria use hairlike parts called to help them move around 12 Bacteria are organisms with one cell and no 13 An organism with no nucleus is a(n) 14 An organism with a nucleus is a(n) 15 What three things can a prokaryote do that allow it to function as an independent organism? 16 Bacteria reproduce by 17 Describe how bacteria reproduce through binary fission 18 What kind of places do most bacteria grow best in? 19 What kind of places do some bacteria not grow well in? 20 Genetic material covered by a thick, protective membrane is a(n) Holt Science and Technology 2 Bacteria and Viruses
3 21 How is it possible that a bacteria could begin to grow after 30 million years in a fossilized insect s stomach? KINGDOM EUBACTERIA 22 Most bacteria are a archaebacteria c fungi b protista d eubacteria 23 The kingdom that has the most organisms is a Fungi c Eubacteria b Archaebacteria d Protista 24 Eubacteria are classified by a their size c the way they get food b their shape d the way they reproduce 25 Most eubacteria are a consumers c decomposers b producers d food sources Match the correct description with the correct term Write the letter in the space 26 bacteria that get their food from dead organic matter 27 bacteria that eat other organism or live in or on the body of another a producers b decomposers c consumers 28 bacteria that make their own food 29 What do producer bacteria use to make food? 30 A bacterium that contains the green pigment chlorophyll is 31 Many cyanobacteria contain that give them different colored tints Holt Science and Technology 3 Bacteria and Viruses
4 32 How do flamingos get their pink color? KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA Match the correct definition with the correct term Write the letter in the space 33 bacteria that live in swamps and animal intestines 34 bacteria that live in ocean vents and hot springs a heat lovers b salt lovers c methane makers 35 bacteria that live in salty environments 36 One kind of organism that often lives where no other organism can is a(n) 37 What kind of environment do archaebacteria prefer? 38 What are three places where archaebacteria have been found? 39 How are archaebacteria different from eubacteria? Holt Science and Technology 4 Bacteria and Viruses
5 TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE Answer Key Directed Reading A SECTION: BACTERIA 1 D 8 B 2 C 9 C 3 A 10 A 4 B 11 flagella 5 A 12 nucleus 6 C 13 prokaryote 7 D 14 eukaryote 15 Answers will vary Sample answer: move; get energy; reproduce 16 binary fission 17 Answers will vary Sample answer: Bacteria reproduce by binary fission through three steps (1) The cell s DNA is copied and binds to the cell membrane (2) The DNA and its copy separate as the cell and membrane grow (3) When the cell is about double its original size, the membrane pinches inward A new cell wall forms and separates the two new cells 18 Answers will vary Sample answer: moist, warm places 19 Answers will vary Sample answer: dry or cold places 20 endospore 21 Answers will vary Sample answer: Bacteria can surround their own bodies with a thick, protective membrane called an endospore, which allows them to remain inactive until conditions are favorable for growth 22 D 23 C 24 C 25 A 26 B 27 C 28 A 29 energy in sunlight 30 cyanobacteria 31 pigments 32 Answers will vary Sample answer: by eating red cyanobacteria 33 C 34 A 35 B 36 archaebacteria 37 one with little or no oxygen 38 Answers will vary Sample answer: hot springs at Yellowstone National Park; below ice in Antarctica; far below the Earth s surface 39 Answers will vary Sample answer: Many archaebacteria do not have cell walls Archaebacteria with cell walls have a different kind than those eubacteria have Archaebacteria also often live where nothing else can live SECTION: BACTERIA S ROLE IN THE WORLD 1 Answers will vary Sample answer: Bacteria live in water, air, and the human body 2 D 3 B 4 C 5 Answers will vary Sample answer: It s in a form they can t use 6 Answers will vary Sample answer: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria take in nitrogen from the air and change its form 7 nitrogen fixation 8 Answers will vary Sample answer: Decomposer bacteria break down dead plants and animal matter 9 Answers will vary Sample answer: It makes nutrients available to other living things 10 bioremediation 11 Answers will vary Sample answer: Some bacteria change harmful chemicals into harmless ones 12 B 13 C 14 lactose 15 Answers will vary Sample answer: Bacteria break down the sugar in milk, or lactose, and change it into lactic acid 16 antibiotics 17 bacteria Holt Science and Technology 85 Bacteria and Viruses
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