10. How many chromosomes are in human gametes (reproductive cells)? 23
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1 Name: Key Block: Define the following terms: 1. Dominant Trait-characteristics that are expressed if present in the genotype 2. Recessive Trait-characteristics that are masked by dominant traits unless there are two of them 3. Genotype-an organism s inherited alleles (actual DNA code) 4. Phenotype-an organism s inherited appearance (the way the DNA code makes the organism look) 5. Heterozygous-Two different alleles for a trait. Ex. Bb 6. Homozygous-An allele is repeated (BB, bb) 7. Gene-sections of chromosomes that code for specific traits 8. Alleles-options or choices for specific genes Answer the following questions: 9. How many chromosomes are in human body cells? How many chromosomes are in human gametes (reproductive cells)? What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits? Dominant traits are always expressed if they are present. Recessive traits are only expressed if there is NO DOMINANT trait. 12. What is the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes? Genotype is an organism s genetic makeup. Phenotype is what those genes look like on the organism. 13. What is homozygous? Give an example using any letter. (There are two types) Homozygous means that an allele (the letters) are repeated. (BB, bb) 14. What is heterozygous? Give an example using any letter. Heterozygous means that there are two different alleles present. Bb 15. State the goal of mitosis. To create body cells for growth and repair. 16. State the goal of meiosis. To create gametes (sex cells) for sexual reproduction.
2 17. Using the Venn diagram below, note the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis Meiosis 1. Body cells for growth and repair chromosomes in original cell and each of the daughter cells 3. Asexual reproduction 4. Produce identical cells Both -Both create new cells -DNA replication happens once -begins with 46 chromosomes 1. Makes gametes for sexual reproduction chromosomes in original cell and 23 in each of the daughter cells 3. Makes sex cells for sexual reproduction 4. Produces cells with half the DNA 18. Given the genotype Bb (brown is dominant and white is recessive), what is the phenotype? brown 19. What could be a genotype for a phenotype of white if white is recessive and purple is dominant? pp 20. What is the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes? Chromosomes are coiled structures of DNA that have genes on them. 21. How do genes and alleles relate to each other? Give one example. Alleles are a specific choice for a gene. Ex. Gene=handedness, Alleles=right or left
3 22. What are the genotypes of the parents for this Punnett square cross? d D D 23. the. d 24. Complete the following Punnett squares. Square 1 Rabbit fur B=brown b=white Square 2 Flower color P=purple p=white B b P P B BB Bb p B BB Bb p Genotypic Ratio: BB: 50% Bb: 50% bb: 0% Phenotypic Ratio: Brown: 100% white: 0% Genotypic Ratio: PP: 0% : 100% pp: 0% Phenotypic Ratio: Purple: 100% white: 0%
4 25. Determine the genotype of the parents using the following Punnett square. R r R RR Rr Genotypic Ratio: RR: 25% Rr: 50% rr: 25% Phenotypic Ratio: r Rr rr Round: 75% square: 25% 26. Label the picture below. DNA Gene Chromosome
5 27. Label the picture below. Nucleus Chromosome Gene Cell DNA 28. The Green family has four daughters. What is the probability their next child will also be a girl? 50% 29. If a typical human body cell has 46 chromosomes, meiosis will produce sex cells with how many chromosomes? If a typical canine (dog) gamete has 39 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in the body cells? In a PARAGRAPH, explain the relationship between Genes, Alleles, DNA, and Chromosomes. These elements should be in your paragraph: Chromosomes are made of coiled DNA Genes are sections of DNA that code for a particular trait Alleles are choices for genes
6 32. Complete Punnett squares for ALL of the following crosses. Include the genotype and phenotype ratios. The allele for a cleft chin, D, is dominant among humans. a. Mom: DD, Dad: b. Dad:, Mom: c. Mom: DD, Dad: dd d. Dad:, Mom: dd Please draw Punnett square for each of the crosses and write the appropriate genotype and phenotype ratios with them.
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