Cellular Respiration. Mitochondria Rule! Mr. Kurt Kristensen

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Cellular Respiration. Mitochondria Rule! Mr. Kurt Kristensen"

Transcription

1 Cellular Respiration Mitochondria Rule! Mr. Kurt Kristensen

2 Harvard Biovisions Mitochondria

3 Summer Session Week 1: Cellular Respiration Students should. 1) Understand the locations, and functions of the essential phases of cellular respiration. 2) Describe the connections between each phase of cellular respiration. 3) Understand how mitochondria work with the cell to harvest chemical energy. 4) Understand chemiosmosis and its central role in ATP production.

4 Cell Respiration Review Living is work. To perform work, cells require energy from outside sources In most ecosystems, energy enters as sunlight. Light energy trapped in organic molecules is available to both photosynthetic organisms and others that eat them.

5 Back to the big picture, Cell Respiration (CH 2 O CO 2 + H 2 O and ATP) We will be looking at three connected metabolic processes. The function of these processes is to make ATP.

6 Bioenergetics: The Big Picture The Equations: CH 2 O + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP + Heat In general Organic Molecules Food Combustion or Oxidation of Glucose ( G) = -686 kcal/mole Number of ATP/Glucose Molecule Regeneration of ATP (from ADP & P i ) ( G) = +7.3 kcal/mol So. 38 ATP x 7.3 kcal/mol = 277 kcal 277 kcal/mol + (-686 kcal/mol) -409 kcal/mol lost as heat That s about 40% efficient!

7 Consumers (start with organic molecules, give off CO 2 ) Some Details: Glycolysis Fermentation Cellular Respiration These are re-dox reactions

8 Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Food Molecules in the presence of Oxygen Releases Chemical energy in food Converted to less stable, more useful Cumulative Function of 3 metabolic stages Glycolysis Citric Acid (Kreb s) Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXYPHOS) Glycolysis Kreb s OXYPHOS FOOD Pyruvate e- shuttles

9 Living organisms don t tolerate explosions too well..

10 Mitochondria Structure How many per cell?

11 Cellular Respiration Where How Connections

12 Our Objective Learn the important details about the 3 metabolic stages of cellular respiration Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation Remember that the cell is using glucose to make ATP (it s harvesting energy) Remember these stages are connected!

13

14 SLP: Substrate Level Phosphorylation RBC s have no mitochondria Hard-working muscle Phospocreatine + ADP creatine phosphokinase ATP + creatine

15 Phase 1: Glycolysis Literally sugar break, the splitting of sugar Fig 9.8 (2 phases) Energy Investment Energy Return

16 Glycolysis 1: Energy Investment What happens, and why? 2 ATP molecules are spent to 1) Trap the glucose molecule in the cytosol 2) Destabilize the glucose molecule so it will break in half and more easily fit into the mitochondria or be used in fermentation What s the end product? The end product of the energy investment phase is 2 molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate) Glycolysis

17 Glycolysis 2: Energy Return G3P is a 3-carbon sugar that can be further rearranged to make Pyruvate 2 NET molecules of ATP are returned during this rearragement, but the real energy is in the The end product(s): NADH Pyruvate (> 75% of energy of glucose still remains in 2 pyruvate molecules)

18 Connections: Pyruvate is Oxidized In the presence of Oxygen, pyruvate is actively transported into mitochondria and 1) Pyruvate is converted to a 2-Carbon compound (CO 2 ) is released 2) This 2-Carbon compound is further oxidized (and NAD+ is reduced) 3) Coenzyme A is added to the 2-carbon compound, it s called Acetyl CoA, and this enters the Kreb s Cycle.

19 Citric Acid Cycle: It is a cycle! Where does it happen? What are the outcomes? Oxaloacetate (4-C) Citrate (6-C)

20 Citric Acid Cycle: The Bottom Line Pyruvate is completely oxidized and the energy is converted to NADH and FADH 2 (ETC) and ATP via S.L.P. 6 NADH and 2 FADH 2 per glucose molecule This is the intersection between Glycolysis and OXY PHOS You don t need to learn every step and every enzyme!

21 Oxidatative Phosphorylation Overview: During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP Synthesis. This may sound complicated, but it s something you need to know.

22 Oxidative Phosphorylation1: E.T.C. Where?: Along the inner membrane of the mitochondria 1000 s What? Proteins with prosthetic groups (co factors, that alternatively oxidize their uphill neighbors, and then get oxidized by their down hill neighbors P.C. How? Each Protein in the ETC is more electronegative (better at pulling electrons) from it s uphill neighbor. Oxygen drives the whole thing, because oxygen is the most electronegative element in the chain. What else happens? Oxygen is reduced to water Hydronium ions ( protons, H+) are pumped across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.

23 Oxidative Phosphorylation 2 So What? E.T.C. sets up a proton gradient across the innner membrane of mitochondria Higher [H+] in the intermembrane space compared to the matrix ATP Synthase This is a protein complex that allows H+ to diffuse back across the membrane and makes ATP as the H+ flow through (much like a turbine generates electricity as water flows through it)

24 Oxidative Phosphorylation 3: Putting it all together 1) e- flow down the electron transport chain 2) as e- flow, H+ are pumped against their concentration gradient 3) ATP synthase couples the flow of H+ with ATP synthesis [ ] 2) 1) [ ] 3)

25 Oxidatative Phosphorylation Overview: During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP Synthesis. Chemiosmosis! An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work.

26 Cellular Respiration: Review (F9.16) (don t look at the book, let s work this out together.) Reactants, Products, major intermediates, processes, specific locations Net ATP Production Mode of ATP Production Get to know this figure it s great review.

27 ATP Accounting? Catabolism of Glucose, G = -686 kcal/mol Anabolism of ATP from ADP + P i, G = 7.3 kcal/mol About mol ATP/mol glucose ATP synthesis is roughly 40% efficient. Compare that cars 25% efficient Where does the rest of the energy go? It generates body heat (e.g. 37 C)

28 If you didn t eat pure sugar today Have I got a deal for you.

29 What about Fermentation?

30 Fermentation: an alternate pathway for energy production (ATP synthesis) Fermentation is further oxidation of pyruvate in an anoxic environment fermentation starts with... Glycolysis F.A Facultive Anaerobes (mammals, some bacteria) O.A Obligate Anaetobes (e.g. Botulism)

31 Fermentation: (2 processes) What do these pathways have in common? start with glycolysis generate ATP through reduction of NAD+ to NADH What s different? alcohol fermentation = 2 steps Lactate fermentation = 1 step What s the significance of alcohol fermentation? Downfall of Western Civilization What s the significance of lactic acid fermentation? fatigue What else do these pathways have in common? Both keep glycolysis going! Both have by products the cell has to export, and that slow down glycolysis.

32 Comparing Fermentation and Cellular Respiration Commonalities: Both are energy-yielding pathways that convert chemical energy in organic molecules to ATP Differences: Cellular respiration requires Oxygen. Cellular respiration is 16-18x more efficient than fermentation! That s 18x more ATP from the same amount of food. That s huge! Oxidative Phosphorylation

33 Glycolysis is ancient How old is it? Est. to be 3 billion years old What else do we know Is found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Does not require membranes Does not require organelles therefore evolved before eukaryotes, but has been conserved b/c it is still useful

34 Video Review asinc.com/webco ntent/animations/ content/cellularre spiration.html cole.com/chemistr y_d/templates/stu dent_resources/s hared_resources/ animations/oxidati ve/oxidativephosp horylation.html

35 Cellular Respiration: Critical Thinking 1. In what part of the cell does glycolysis take place? 2. List the reactants and products of glycolysis. 3. Describe the event that occurs when pyruvate enters the mitochondria? 4. In what major area of the mitochondria does the Krebs Cycle take place? 5. List the reactants and products of the Krebs Cycle. 6. Identify the major structure or area where the Electron Transport System (ETS) take place. 7. What is/are transferred from the Krebs Cycle to the Electron Transport System? 8. What reactant molecule is essential for electron transport to occur? 9. What molecule is the final electron acceptor of the ETS? 10. Describe two main functions of the ETS.

36 Cell Respiration Application Problems: 1. If a person moved from San Diego, CA (sea-level) to Estes Park, CO (elevation 7500 ft.), what would be the effect on cellular respiration for this person? 2. In terms of cellular respiration, why is it necessary to incorporate plants into a terrarium along with fauna (animals)? 3. What effect might smoking cigarettes have on cellular respiration? 4.Describe any disease symptoms that might be related to the interference or interruption of the processes of cellular respiration. 5. According to your model of cellular respiration, what could be happening when a runner must revert to walking?

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy. 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy. 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels 9.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate 9.3 The citric acid

More information

Energy Transformation. Metabolism = total chemical reactions in cells.

Energy Transformation. Metabolism = total chemical reactions in cells. Energy Transformation Metabolism = total chemical reactions in cells. metabole = change Metabolism is concerned with managing the material and energy resources of the cell -Catabolism -Anabolism -Catabolism

More information

Cell Energy Notes ATP THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY. CELL ENERGY Cells usable source of is called ATP stands for. Name Per

Cell Energy Notes ATP THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY. CELL ENERGY Cells usable source of is called ATP stands for. Name Per Cell Energy Notes Name Per THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY The Endosymbiotic theory is the idea that a long time ago, engulfed other prokaryotic cells by. This resulted in the first First proposed by Explains

More information

Respiration and Photosynthesis

Respiration and Photosynthesis Respiration and Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chains Anabolic Pathway Photosynthesis Calvin Cycle Flow of Energy Energy is needed to support all forms

More information

Cellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain

Cellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain Cellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain 2006-2007 Cellular respiration What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 ATP accounting so far Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb s cycle 2 ATP

More information

AP Biology Cellular Respiration

AP Biology Cellular Respiration AP Biology Cellular Respiration The bonds between H and C represents a shared pair of electrons These are high-energy electrons This represents chemical potential energy Hydro-carbons posses a lot of chemical

More information

Cellular Energetics. Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Energetics. Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Cellular Energetics Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation TEKS B.4 Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that

More information

II. The Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Respiration

II. The Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Respiration Name Period Date Cellular Respiration Notes Outline I The Importance of Food A Food provides living things with the: B Food serves as a source of: C Food serves as a source of: II The Relationship Between

More information

Photosynthesis and cellular respirations

Photosynthesis and cellular respirations The Introduction of Biology Defining of life Basic chemistry, the chemistry of organic molecules Classification of living things History of cells and Cells structures and functions Photosynthesis and cellular

More information

Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Reading Assignments Review Chapter 3 Energy, Catalysis, & Biosynthesis Read Chapter 13 How Cells obtain Energy from Food Read Chapter 14

More information

Unit 3: Cell Energy Guided Notes

Unit 3: Cell Energy Guided Notes Enzymes Unit 3: Cell Energy Guided Notes 1 We get energy from the food we eat by breaking apart the chemical bonds where food is stored. energy is in the bonds, energy is the energy we use to do things.

More information

METABOLISM CHAPTER 04 BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I. Dr. Lawrence G. Altman Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill.

METABOLISM CHAPTER 04 BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I. Dr. Lawrence G. Altman  Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill. BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I CHAPTER 04 1 Please wait 20 seconds before starting slide show. Mouse click or Arrow keys to navigate. Hit ESCAPE Key to exit. CELLULAR METABOLISM Dr. Lawrence G. Altman

More information

CELL METABOLISM OVERVIEW Keep the big picture in mind as we discuss the particulars!

CELL METABOLISM OVERVIEW Keep the big picture in mind as we discuss the particulars! BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I CHAPTER 04 CELLULAR METABOLISM 1 Please wait 20 seconds before starting slide show. Mouse click or Arrow keys to navigate. Hit ESCAPE Key to exit. Dr. Lawrence G. Altman

More information

Cellular Respiration. The mechanism of creating cellular energy. Thursday, 11 October, 12

Cellular Respiration. The mechanism of creating cellular energy. Thursday, 11 October, 12 Cellular Respiration The mechanism of creating cellular energy What do we know?? What do we know?? Grade 5 - Food --> Energy What do we know?? Grade 5 - Food --> Energy Grade 10 - glu. + O2 --> CO2 + H20

More information

PHOTOSYNTHESIS STARTS WITH

PHOTOSYNTHESIS STARTS WITH Name Date Period PHOTOSYNTHESIS STARTS WITH 1. Molecules that collect light energy are called _P. 2. Chlorophyll a and b absorb _B -_V and _R wavelengths of light best. 3. _C is the main light absorbing

More information

Cell Energy: The Big Picture. So, What Exactly is ATP. Adenosine Triphosphate. Your turn to Practice converting ATP to ADP:

Cell Energy: The Big Picture. So, What Exactly is ATP. Adenosine Triphosphate. Your turn to Practice converting ATP to ADP: Understanding How Living Things Obtain and Use Energy. Cell Energy: The Big Picture Most Autotrophs produce food (sugar) using light energy during Photosynthesis. Then, both Autotrophs and Heterotroph

More information

Energy Exchanges Exam: What to Study

Energy Exchanges Exam: What to Study Energy Exchanges Exam: What to Study Here s what you will need to make sure you understand in order to prepare for our exam: Free Energy Conceptual understanding of free energy as available energy in a

More information

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration All cellular activities require energy. Directly or indirectly nearly all energy for life comes from the sun. Autotrophs:

More information

Division Ave. High School AP Biology

Division Ave. High School AP Biology Overview 10 reactions u convert () to pyruvate (3C) u produces: 4 & NADH u consumes: u net: & NADH C-C-C-C-C-C fructose-1,6bp P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P DHAP P-C-C-C G3P C-C-C-P H P i P i pyruvate C-C-C 4 4 NAD +

More information

Energy and the Cell. All living things need energy to survive and do work.

Energy and the Cell. All living things need energy to survive and do work. Energy and the Cell EQ: How do cells acquire energy? EQ: Why is the relationship between plants and animals essential to life? All living things need energy to survive and do work. Organisms who depend

More information

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Note-taking Guide

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Note-taking Guide Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Note-taking Guide Preview to Photosynthesis glucose, reactions, light-dependent, Calvin cycle, thylakoid, photosystem II, oxygen, light-harvesting, two, chloroplasts,

More information

2015 AP Biology PRETEST Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Week of October

2015 AP Biology PRETEST Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Week of October Name: Class: _ Date: _ 2015 AP Biology PRETEST Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Week of 19-23 October Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which

More information

Be sure to understand:

Be sure to understand: Learning Targets & Focus Questions for Unit 6: Bioenergetics Chapter 8: Thermodynamics Chapter 9: Cell Resp Focus Q Ch. 10: Photosynthesis Chapter 8 (141-150) 1. I can explain how living systems adhere

More information

All organisms require a constant expenditure of energy to maintain the living state - "LIFE".

All organisms require a constant expenditure of energy to maintain the living state - LIFE. CELLULAR RESPIRATION All organisms require a constant expenditure of energy to maintain the living state - "LIFE". Where does the energy come from and how is it made available for life? With rare exception,

More information

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP. Molecules in food store chemical

More information

Name Date Class. Photosynthesis and Respiration

Name Date Class. Photosynthesis and Respiration Concept Mapping Photosynthesis and Respiration Complete the Venn diagram about photosynthesis and respiration. These terms may be used more than once: absorbs, Calvin cycle, chlorophyll, CO 2, H 2 O, Krebs

More information

Energy in the World of Life

Energy in the World of Life Cellular Energy Energy in the World of Life Sustaining life s organization requires ongoing energy inputs Assembly of the molecules of life starts with energy input into living cells Energy Conversion

More information

Life 21 - Aerobic respiration Raven & Johnson Chapter 9 (parts)

Life 21 - Aerobic respiration Raven & Johnson Chapter 9 (parts) 1 Life 21 - Aerobic respiration Raven & Johnson Chapter 9 (parts) Objectives 1: Describe the overall action of the Krebs cycle in generating ATP, NADH and FADH 2 from acetyl-coa 2: Understand the generation

More information

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Note-taking Guide

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Note-taking Guide Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Note-taking Guide Preview to Photosynthesis glucose, reectlons, light-dependent, Calvin cycle, thylakoid, oxygen, light-harvesting, two, chloroplasts, photosynthesis,

More information

RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION: AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC OXIDATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES. Bio 107 Week 6

RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION: AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC OXIDATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES. Bio 107 Week 6 RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION: AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC OXIDATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES Bio 107 Week 6 Procedure 7.2 Label test tubes well, including group name 1) Add solutions listed to small test tubes 2)

More information

Review Questions - Lecture 5: Metabolism, Part 1

Review Questions - Lecture 5: Metabolism, Part 1 Review Questions - Lecture 5: Metabolism, Part 1 Questions: 1. What is metabolism? 2. What does it mean to say that a cell has emergent properties? 3. Define metabolic pathway. 4. What is the difference

More information

Cellular respiration ATP. Cellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain. AP Biology. The point is to make ATP! What s the point?

Cellular respiration ATP. Cellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain. AP Biology. The point is to make ATP! What s the point? ellular respiration ellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport hain What s the point? The point is to make! accounting so far Glycolysis 2 Kreb s cycle 2 Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to

More information

CP Biology Unit 5 Cell Energy Study Guide. Electron Carriers Electron Transport Chain Fermentation Glycolysis Krebs cycle Light-Dependent Reactions

CP Biology Unit 5 Cell Energy Study Guide. Electron Carriers Electron Transport Chain Fermentation Glycolysis Krebs cycle Light-Dependent Reactions Name: KEY CP Biology Unit 5 Cell Energy Study Guide Vocabulary to know: ATP ADP Aerobic Anaerobic ATP Synthases Cellular Respiration Chlorophyll Chloroplast Electron Carriers Electron Transport Chain Fermentation

More information

Energy & Life: Cellular Respiration PART I: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY

Energy & Life: Cellular Respiration PART I: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Energy & Life: Cellular Respiration PART I: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Energy u Energy is not created or destroyed, it is transformed, changed. u E= ability to do work u Living things depend on energy

More information

ATP. Division Ave. High School AP Biology. Cellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain. Cellular respiration. The point is to make ATP!

ATP. Division Ave. High School AP Biology. Cellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain. Cellular respiration. The point is to make ATP! ellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport hain 2006-2007 ellular respiration What s the point? The point is to make! 2006-2007 1 accounting so far Glycolysis 2 Kreb s cycle 2 Life takes a lot of

More information

Cellular Energy: Respiration. Goals: Anaerobic respiration

Cellular Energy: Respiration. Goals: Anaerobic respiration Cellular Energy: Respiration Anaerobic respiration Goals: Define and describe the 3 sets of chemical reactions that comprise aerobic cellular respiration Describe the types of anaerobic respiration Compare

More information

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration What you will learn: GPS Standard SB3a Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. IN OTHER WORDS Photosynthesis and Cellular

More information

Center for Academic Services & Advising

Center for Academic Services & Advising March 2, 2017 Biology I CSI Worksheet 6 1. List the four components of cellular respiration, where it occurs in the cell, and list major products consumed and produced in each step. i. Hint: Think about

More information

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Outline I. Energy and Carbon Cycle II. Photosynthesis A. Introduction B. Reactions II. Cellular Respiration A. Introduction B. Reactions Carbon Cycle All organisms

More information

2015 Biology Unit #3 Quiz 1 Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Week of November

2015 Biology Unit #3 Quiz 1 Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Week of November Name: Class: Date: 2015 Biology Unit #3 Quiz 1 Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Week of 02-09 November 1 Which of the following statements is true for all cells? a They use solar energy

More information

Cellular respiration. How do living things stay alive? Cellular Respiration Burning. Photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration. How do living things stay alive? Cellular Respiration Burning. Photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration How do living things stay alive? Cellular Respiration Burning Happens in ALL living things inside cells and has the main goal of producing ATP the fuel of life It does not matter whether the organisms

More information

Metabolism Review. A. Top 10

Metabolism Review. A. Top 10 A. Top 10 Metabolism Review 1. Energy production through chemiosmosis a. pumping of H+ ions onto one side of a membrane through protein pumps in an Electron Transport Chain (ETC) b. flow of H+ ions across

More information

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2. sun. Occurs in chloroplasts ATP. enzymes CO 2 O 2 H 2 O. sugars

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2. sun. Occurs in chloroplasts ATP. enzymes CO 2 O 2 H 2 O. sugars 4.2 8.2 Overview Photosynthesis: of Photosynthesis An Overview Photosynthesis process by which plants make food using energy from the sun Plants are autotrophs that make their own source of chemical energy.

More information

Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy 6 Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy Energy is stored in chemical bonds and can be released and transformed by metabolic pathways. Chemical energy available to do work is termed free energy

More information

The Life of a Cell. The Chemistry of Life. A View of the Cell. Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle. Energy in a Cell

The Life of a Cell. The Chemistry of Life. A View of the Cell. Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle. Energy in a Cell The Life of a Cell The Chemistry of Life A View of the Cell Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle Energy in a Cell Chapter 9 Energy in a Cell 9.1: The Need for Energy 9.1: Section Check 9.2: Photosynthesis:

More information

Giving you the energy you need!

Giving you the energy you need! Giving you the energy you need! Use your dominant hand Open and close the pin (with your thumb and forefinger) as many times as you can for 20 seconds while holding the other fingers straight out! Repeat

More information

Biology A: Chapter 5 Annotating Notes

Biology A: Chapter 5 Annotating Notes Name: Pd: Biology A: Chapter 5 Annotating Notes -As you read your textbook, please fill out these notes. -Read each paragraph state the big/main idea on the left side. - On the right side you should take

More information

4 GETTING READY TO LEARN Preview Key Concepts 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP All cells need chemical energy.

4 GETTING READY TO LEARN Preview Key Concepts 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP All cells need chemical energy. CHAPTER 4 Cells and Energy GETTING READY TO LEARN Preview Key Concepts 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP All cells need chemical energy. 4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis The overall process of photosynthesis produces

More information

BIOLOGY 111. CHAPTER 7: Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy From Food

BIOLOGY 111. CHAPTER 7: Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy From Food BIOLOGY 111 CHAPTER 7: Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy From Food Deriving Energy from Food: What is the best carbohydrate source (for energy) in our food? Glucose! Where is the energy stored in glucose?

More information

Glycolysis and Fermentation. Chapter 8

Glycolysis and Fermentation. Chapter 8 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis 0 Things to know in these chapters 0 Names and order of the processes 0 Reactants and products of each process 0 How do they

More information

Section A: The Principles of Energy Harvest

Section A: The Principles of Energy Harvest CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Section A: The Principles of Energy Harvest 1. Cellular respiration and fermentation are catabolic, energy-yielding pathways 2. Cells recycle

More information

Cellular Respiration. Pg 231

Cellular Respiration. Pg 231 Cellular Respiration Pg 231 Define cellular respiration. The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP is called cellular respiration. In plants breaking sugar (glucose) to

More information

Energy for Life 12/11/14. Light Absorption in Chloroplasts

Energy for Life 12/11/14. Light Absorption in Chloroplasts Energy for Life Biochemical pathways A series of reactions where the products of one reaction is used in the next reaction Light Absorption in Chloroplasts Chloroplasts Two membranes Grana- layered stacks

More information

State state describe

State state describe Warm-Up State the products of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, state which product has chemical energy, and describe how that product is made. KREBS ETC FADH 2 Glucose Pyruvate H 2 O NADH

More information

Section 8 1 Energy and Life (pages )

Section 8 1 Energy and Life (pages ) Bio07_TR_U03_CH08.QXD 4/25/06 2:51 PM Page 63 Name Class Date Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Section 8 1 Energy and Life (pages 201 203) Key Concepts Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food?

More information

2.A.2- Capture and Storage of Free Energy

2.A.2- Capture and Storage of Free Energy 2.A.2- Capture and Storage of Free Energy Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. EU 2.A- Growth, reproduction

More information

1. How is a partially charged battery like ADP?

1. How is a partially charged battery like ADP? Name The chart below shows key terms from the lesson with their definitions. Complete the chart by writing a strategy to help you remember the meaning of each term. One has been done for you. Term Definition

More information

Unit 5 Cellular Energy

Unit 5 Cellular Energy Unit 5 Cellular Energy I. Enzymes (159) 1.Are CATALYSTS: Speed up chemical reactions that would otherwise happen too slowly to support life. Catalysts DO NOT make reactions happen that couldn t happen

More information

Respiration and Photosynthesis. The Ying and Yang of Life.

Respiration and Photosynthesis. The Ying and Yang of Life. Respiration and Photosynthesis The Ying and Yang of Life. Why? You ve always been told that you must eat and breathe. Why? In this unit we will attempt to answer those questions. 1 st Law of Thermodynamics

More information

Cellular Energy. How Organisms Obtain Energy Section 2: Photosynthesis Section 3: Cellular Respiration. Click on a lesson name to select.

Cellular Energy. How Organisms Obtain Energy Section 2: Photosynthesis Section 3: Cellular Respiration. Click on a lesson name to select. Section 1: How Organisms Obtain Energy Section 2: Photosynthesis Section 3: Cellular Respiration Click on a lesson name to select. Section 1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Transformation of Energy Energy

More information

Glycolysis: Acetyl-CoA synthesis (Intermediate Step) and Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain (ETC):

Glycolysis: Acetyl-CoA synthesis (Intermediate Step) and Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain (ETC): Name: Bio AP Lab: Cell Respiration (Modified from Carolina Cell Respiration & AP Biology Investigative Labs) BACKGROUND: You are probably familiar with photosynthesis, the process that plants use to harness

More information

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Unit

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Unit Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Unit All cellular activities require energy. Directly or indirectly nearly all energy for life comes from the sun. Autotrophs: organisms that can make their own

More information

AP Biology Day 16. Monday, September 26, 2016

AP Biology Day 16. Monday, September 26, 2016 AP Biology Day 16 Monday, September 26, 2016 CW/HW Assignments 1. Ch. 9 Guided Reading 2. Ch. 9 Video Cornell Notes (2) PLANNER 1. Ch. 9 Video Cornell Notes (weebly) 2. Study & schedule test retake! unit

More information

1/25/2018. Bio 1101 Lec. 5, Part A Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration

1/25/2018. Bio 1101 Lec. 5, Part A Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration 1 2 3 4 5 Bio 1101 Lec. 5, Part A Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration Energy is needed by cells to do work Chemical energy, a form of potential energy, is stored in bonds of food molecules (such as glucose)

More information

AHL Topic 8 IB Biology Miss Werba

AHL Topic 8 IB Biology Miss Werba CELL RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS AHL Topic 8 IB Biology Miss Werba TOPIC 8 CELL RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8.1 CELL RESPIRATION 1. STATE that oxidation involves the loss of electrons from an element,

More information

Chapter 5. Table of Contents. Section 1 Energy and Living Things. Section 2 Photosynthesis. Section 3 Cellular Respiration

Chapter 5. Table of Contents. Section 1 Energy and Living Things. Section 2 Photosynthesis. Section 3 Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Table of Contents Section 1 Energy and Living Things Section 2 Photosynthesis Section 3 Cellular Respiration Section 1 Energy and Living Things Objectives Analyze

More information

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Aerobic Cellular Respiration Under aerobic conditions (oxygen gas is available), cells will undergo aerobic cellular respiration. The end products of aerobic cellular respiration are carbon dioxide gas,

More information

Bio102 Problems Photosynthesis

Bio102 Problems Photosynthesis Bio102 Problems Photosynthesis 1. Why is it advantageous for chloroplasts to have a very large (in surface area) thylakoid membrane contained within the inner membrane? A. This limits the amount of stroma

More information

Chapter 4: Energy From the sun to you in two easy steps

Chapter 4: Energy From the sun to you in two easy steps Chapter 4: Energy From the sun to you in two easy steps Lectures by Mark Manteuffel, St. Louis Community College Learning Objectives Understand and be able to explain the following: How energy flows from

More information

AP Bio-Ms.Bell Unit#3 Cellular Energies Name

AP Bio-Ms.Bell Unit#3 Cellular Energies Name AP Bio-Ms.Bell Unit#3 Cellular Energies Name 1. Base your answer to the following question on the image below. 7. Base your answer to the following question on Which of the following choices correctly

More information

Chapter 5. The Chloroplast. 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Chapter 5. The Chloroplast. 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Chapter 5 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis are examples of biological processes that involve matter &

More information

In Cellular Respiration, are removed from sugar and transferred to

In Cellular Respiration, are removed from sugar and transferred to 1 2 3 4 5 Bio 1101 Lec. 5, Part A (Guided Notes) Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration Energy is needed by cells to do work Chemical energy, a form of potential energy, is stored in bonds of food molecules (such

More information

Cell Energetics. How plants make food and everyone makes energy!

Cell Energetics. How plants make food and everyone makes energy! Cell Energetics How plants make food and everyone makes energy! Carbon Cycle Where did the mitochondria and chloroplast come from? Endosymbiotic Theory Endosymbiotic theory = a theory that some of the

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. AP Exam Chapters 9 and 10; Photosynthesis and Respiration Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released

More information

UNIT 2: CELLS Chapter 4: Cells and Energy

UNIT 2: CELLS Chapter 4: Cells and Energy CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned

More information

Cellular Energetics Review

Cellular Energetics Review Cellular Energetics Review 1. What two molecules are formed when a phosphate is removed from ATP? 2. Describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are reverse processes. 3. What is the function

More information

Biochemical Pathways

Biochemical Pathways Biochemical Pathways Living organisms can be divided into two large groups according to the chemical form in which they obtain carbon from the environment. Autotrophs can use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

More information

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Practice Test Name

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Practice Test Name Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Practice Test Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which H+ has just passed through the

More information

ATP. Chapter 4. Photosynthesis. Cell Respiration. Energy of Life. All organisms need energy in order to survive

ATP. Chapter 4. Photosynthesis. Cell Respiration. Energy of Life. All organisms need energy in order to survive ATP Chapter 4 Photosynthesis Energy of Life All organisms need energy in order to survive 2 Major groups of organisms: A. autotrophs make their own food Ex: plants B. heterotrophs must eat others living

More information

Cellular Respiration. Anaerobic vs Aerobic

Cellular Respiration. Anaerobic vs Aerobic Cellular Respiration Anaerobic vs Aerobic What is Cellular Respiration? Process where organisms use GLUCOSE (sugar) to create ENERGY! The energy that is released from chemical bonds during Cellular Respiration

More information

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Graphic Organizer Compare Contrast Table Answer Key

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Graphic Organizer Compare Contrast Table Answer Key Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Graphic Organizer Compare Contrast Table Answer Key CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION GRAPHIC ORGANIZER COMPARE CONTRAST TABLE ANSWER KEY PDF - Are you looking for chapter 9

More information

All Cells need energy. (Ability to perform work) What do cells use energy for? Mitosis. Repair. Active transport. Movement.

All Cells need energy. (Ability to perform work) What do cells use energy for? Mitosis. Repair. Active transport. Movement. Cell Energetics All Cells need energy. (Ability to perform work) What do cells use energy for? Mitosis. Repair. Active transport. Movement. What Is ATP? ATP adenosine triphosphate is a chemical molecule

More information

What did you eat for breakfast? Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration. Is glucose likely to form spontaneously from water (H 2 O) and CO 2? Why or why not?

What did you eat for breakfast? Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration. Is glucose likely to form spontaneously from water (H 2 O) and CO 2? Why or why not? hapter 6: ellular Respiration Why do we eat? What did you eat for breakfast? What types of macromolecules were in your breakfast? Where did the macromolecules (carbs, protein, fat) in your breakfast come

More information

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Wordwise Answer Key

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Wordwise Answer Key CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION WORDWISE ANSWER KEY PDF - Are you looking for chapter 9 cellular respiration wordwise answer key Books? Now, you will be happy that at this time chapter 9 cellular respiration

More information

Overview of Photosynthesis

Overview of Photosynthesis Overview of Photosynthesis Most autotrophs (organisms that create their own food), make organic compounds (sugars/glucose) using a process called photosynthesis. This process occurs only in plants. Overview

More information

Cell Energy: Photosynthesis & Respiration

Cell Energy: Photosynthesis & Respiration Cell Energy: Photosynthesis & Respiration Today s Learning Goals In plants, chlorophyll (found in chloroplasts) captures energy from the sun in order to make food during photosynthesis (Review) Cells release

More information

Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration/Fermentation Study Guide

Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration/Fermentation Study Guide Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration/Fermentation Study Guide A. Introduction 1. All living things need energy for metabolism. a. Plants produce glucose through photosynthesis; break down glucose during cellular

More information

METABOLISM. What is metabolism? Categories of metabolic reactions. Total of all chemical reactions occurring within the body

METABOLISM. What is metabolism? Categories of metabolic reactions. Total of all chemical reactions occurring within the body METABOLISM What is metabolism? METABOLISM Total of all chemical reactions occurring within the body Categories of metabolic reactions Catabolic reactions Degradation pathways Anabolic reactions Synthesis

More information

Energy for biological processes

Energy for biological processes 1 Energy transfer When you have finished revising this topic, you should: be able to explain the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions be able to describe the part played by in cell metabolism

More information

Ev e ry living c e l l needs a source of

Ev e ry living c e l l needs a source of 12 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Ev e ry living c e l l needs a source of energy. Without energy, metabolism all of the chemical reactions that occur within cells will not occur. In this activity,

More information

NAME ONE THING we have in common with plants. If

NAME ONE THING we have in common with plants. If Cellular Respiration NAME ONE THING we have in common with plants. If you said cellular respiration, you are right. That is one thing we have in common with plants, slugs, slime mold, and spiders. Living

More information

A + B = C C + D = E E + F = A

A + B = C C + D = E E + F = A Photosynthesis - Plants obtain energy directly from the sun - Organisms that do this are autotrophs (make their own food from inorganic forms) - Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions where the

More information

Endosymbiotic Theory

Endosymbiotic Theory Endosymbiotic Theory Evolution of Prokaryotes The oldest known fossils are 3.5 bya = stromatolites which are rock like layers of bacteria and sediment. Earliest life forms may have emerged as early as

More information

Energy Metabolism exergonic reaction endergonic reaction Energy of activation

Energy Metabolism exergonic reaction endergonic reaction Energy of activation Metabolism Energy Living things require energy to grow and reproduce Most energy used originates from the sun Plants capture 2% of solar energy Some captured energy is lost as metabolic heat All energy

More information

Ch. 6 & 7 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Ch. 6 & 7 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Ch. 6 & 7 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration 6.1 Energy Reactions The Cycle of Energy Sun CO 2 H 2 O Photosynthesis (energy stored) Cellular Respiration (energy released) O 2 Glucose Obtaining Energy

More information

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Name Date Class CHAPTER 5 DIRECTED READING Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Section 5-1: Energy and Living Things Energy Flows Between Organisms in Living Systems In the space provided, write the

More information

Metabolism. AP Biology Chapter 8

Metabolism. AP Biology Chapter 8 Metabolism AP Biology Chapter 8 Energy Energy management Bioenergetics is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources. Energy is the capacity to do work. Energy exists in various forms Cells

More information

ATP: Energy for Life ATP. Chapter 6. What Is ATP? What Does ATP Do for You? Photosynthesis. Cell Respiration. Chemical Structure of ATP

ATP: Energy for Life ATP. Chapter 6. What Is ATP? What Does ATP Do for You? Photosynthesis. Cell Respiration. Chemical Structure of ATP Chapter 6 Photosynthesis : Energy for Life Cell Respiration What Is? Energy used by all Cells Chemical Structure of Adenine Base Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate

More information

Chapter 8.1. How Organisms Obtain Energy

Chapter 8.1. How Organisms Obtain Energy Chapter 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Main Idea All living organisms use energy to carry out all biological processes. Energy Energy is the ability to do work. Quick Review: Heterotrophs are organisms

More information

Unit 1C Practice Exam (v.2: KEY)

Unit 1C Practice Exam (v.2: KEY) Unit 1C Practice Exam (v.2: KEY) 1. Which of the following statements concerning photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, carotenes, and xanthophylls) is correct? (PT1-12) a. The R f values obtained

More information