name: Worksheets for Ch 14, 15, 16 Evolution

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1 name: Worksheets for Ch 14, 15, 16 Evolution Classify the following scenarios as examples of either artificial or natural selection by placing the letter for each scenario into the appropriate box below. Scenarios A. Rattlesnakes blend in with their wooded surroundings. B. Desert plants, such as cacti, are adapted to store water during dry conditions. C. A variation that increases the speed of a rodent increases its chances of escaping predators and reproducing. D. A dog breeder wants the agility of a border collie and the coloring of an Australian shepherd, so he breeds the two. E. A gardener choses the seeds from a rose that produces larger flowers to plant. F. Brussel sprouts, kohlrabi, and Chinese cabbage are domesticated plants that all descended from the same ancestor. Artificial Selection Natural Selection Use the terms on the right to complete the sentences below. Each term is used only once. All living organisms use similar biomolecules, suchas, RNA, ATP and proteins. This leads scientists to conclude that all life descended from a common ancestor that also used these. Organisms also use the same genetic code (Universal Codon Chart) to specify which is encoded by a particular 3-nucleic acid codon when building proteins. Thus, differences between species exist mainly due to small difference between the each one produces and uses. A. RNA B. DNA C. proteins D. amino acid E. biomolecules 1

2 Use the terms on the right to complete the sentences below. Structures that are anatomicallly similar because they were inherited from a common ancestor are called structures. For example, the forearms of a bat, bird, whale and cat all contain the same of bones, but each serves a different. Some inherited structures are no longer necessary and lose their original function, in which case they are considered structures. The presence of these nonfunctional structures implies descent from an ancestor that once had a functional form. Oppositely, structures are those that serve the same function in two organisms, but are anatomically different and don t share a common ancestry. A. analagous B. function C. homologous D. arrangement E. vestigial The presence of structures, not analogous structures, is evidence that organisms are related. Scientists conclude that all life descended from a common ancestor because they share biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins. Classify the following examples as either homologous or analogous structures by placing the letter for each example into the appropriate box below. examples A. Cactuses and spurges have convergent (similar but independent) adaptations to hot climates. B. Forearms of chickens, whales, and humans. C. Insect wings and bat wings. D. Structures that are related to each other because of descent from a common ancestor. E. Toe of a horse and wing of a bat. F. Arise because of adaptations to the same type of environment. G. Structures with the same function but different evolutionary ancestry. Homologous Structures Analogous structures Explain how vestigial traits and homologous traits (including both anatomical and biochemical features) support the theory of evolution. 2

3 Classify the following examples by placing the letter for each example into the appropriate box below. A. British land snails comprise two very different phenotypes as they are both adapted to different habitats. B. One population of finches occupy different niches and eventually evolve to have different beak sizes. C. Very large and very small newborns are more likely to suffer serious health problems. D. Chloroquine is no longer effective against malaria because it has evolved resistance against it. E. A new flu vaccine is needed every year. F. Bird clutch size consisting of 4-5 eggs are more likely to hatch than larger or smaller clutches. Disruptive selection Stabilizing selection Directional selection Use the space below each graph to illustrate how the initial population distribution that is shown would change after undergoing disruptive, stabilizing, or directional selection. The x-axis represents the phenotype of the population being measured, such as the size of an animal (small animals on the left, medium sized animas in the middle, and larger animals on the right). The y-axis is the frequency of each phenotype in the population (i.e. the number of individuals in the population that are small, medium or large). Disruptive selection stabilizing selection directional selection Initial Population Distribution: size size size New Distribution After Selection: size size size 3

4 Use the terms on the right to complete the sentences below. Sickle cell is a genetically inherited disorder that affects molecules that carry oxygen in the blood. Individuals that are have the sickle cell disease, while individuals that belong to the other two genotypes do not. Individuals that carry an allele for sickle cell also carry a resistance to malaria, as the sickle shaped lack and malarial parasites die. Therefore, individuals that are carry an advantage, as they are resistant to malaria and do not have sickle cell disease. A. autosomal dominant B. homozygous dominant C. heterozygous D. homozygous recessive E. autosomal recessive F. hemoglobin G. white blood cells H. red blood cells I. calcium J. potassium Use the terms on the right to complete the sentences below. A process where small measurable changes occur from generation to generation is called. A process where large changes occur over long periods of time is called. This process requires, or the splitting of one species into two or more new species, to occur. The describes a species as groups of organisms that interbreed, have a shared, and are reproductively isolated from all other species. One limitation of this way of defining species is that it applies only to organisms. A. asexually reproducing B. biological species concept C. extinct D. gene pool E. macroevolution F. microevolution G. natural selection H. sexually reproducing I. speciation 4

5 Classify the following examples by placing the letter for each example into the appropriate box below. Examples of reproductive barriers A. F2 fitness B. habitat isolation C. gamete isolation D. zygote mortality E. hybrid sterility F. behavioral isolation G. temporal isolation H. mechanical isolation Postzygotic isolating mechanisms Prezygotic isolating mechanisms Use the terms on the right to complete the sentences below. In order to mate, male blue-footed boobies must display an elaborate courtship dance. This is an example of. Because sugar maples and red maples occupy different habitats, they do not exchange pollen, even though they live in the same locations. This is an example of. Male insects of a species have reproductive genitalia that make it impossible to reproduce with females of other closely related organisms. This is an example of. A. behavioral isolation B. habitat isolation C. mechanical isolation D. gamete isolation E. hybrid sterility F. temporal isolation Two species of termites live in the same location but don t mate because they have different breeding seasons. This is an example of. Pollen of one species of flower is not able to survive the journey to reach the egg produced in embryo sac of a flower of another species, so they cannot reproduce together. This is an example of. 5

6 Classify the following examples by placing the letter for each example into the appropriate box below. Examples A. Speciation that is based on geographic separation. B. Organisms in different locations are subject to different selective pressures and evolve into different species. C. Organisms are reproductively isolated by postzygotic mechanisms and evolve into different species. D. Speciation that does not require geographic isolation. E. Bread wheat evolved from two species of wheat with different numbers of chromosomes. Allopatric speciation Sympatric speciation Use the terms on the right to complete the sentences below. Rapid and dramatic is a significant cause of extinction. The changed global weather patterns and the amount of shoreline and interior land, leading to the Permian mass extinction of and terrestrial organisms 250 million years ago. High levels of iridium and a large crater in the Gulf of Mexico indicate the impact of a giant during the Cretacious period 66 million years ago. This impact would likely have caused large environmental changes including a prolonged global winter, and is believed to have contributed to a mass extinction that killed of the. A. drifiting of continents B. environmental change C. dinosaurs D. meteorite E. human-induced environmental changes F. marine There appears to be an on-going mass extinction caused by. 6