Anaphase, Telophase. Animal cells divide their cytoplasm by forming? Cleavage furrow. Bacteria, Paramecium, Amoeba, etc. reproduce by...

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1 The 4 phases of mitosis Animal cells divide their cytoplasm by forming? Bacteria, Paramecium, Amoeba, etc. reproduce by... Cell which after division is identical to the original is called a Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase Cleavage furrow Asexual Reproduction daughter cell A cell with 1 set of chromosomes (with 1/2 the normal diploid number or 1n) Haploid A cell with 2 sets or the full amount of chromosomes (2n) DNA is replicated during the phase of interphase During meiosis, this process causes new combinations of genetic material due to the shuffling or mixing of genes Four haploid gametes (sperm) are produced during How do chromosomes separate during Anaphase I? Diploid S Crossing over spermatogenesis Randomly (independent assortment)

2 If a cat has a diploid number of chromosomes totaling 32, what would the haploid number of chromosomes be? In eukaryotic cells, Proteins that help maintain chromosome shape and aid in the tight packing of DNA Meiosis only occurs where? One haploid gamete (egg) and three polar bodies are produced during 16 - half of the diploid number histones In the specialized cells of the sex organs oogenesis The part of the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides The part of the cell cycle when the nucleus divides once; Cell division where the daughter cells are identical to parent cells; Cytokinesis Mitosis The phase of mitosis when the chromatin thickens up & chromosomes become visible The phase of mitosis when the chromosomes line up on the equator Prophase Metaphase (middle) The phase of mitosis when the new nuclear membranes reappear and the cell has two nuclei The phase of mitosis when the separated chromatids are pulled to the opposite poles Telophase (two) Anaphase (apart)

3 A pictomicrograph (photograph) of the chromosomes in a dividing cell arranged in pairs Plant cells divide their cytoplasm by forming? Karyotype Cell plate Process of nuclear division in which the cell divides twice and produces cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell or haploid daughter cells (gametes); Meiosis The repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell Rod-Shaped molecules made of DNA & proteins Tightly packed DNA is called Cell Cycle Chromosomes chromosome The time between cells divisions when the cell grows and replicates it's DNA Interphase (G1 - cell grows, S - DNA replication, G2 - cell gets ready to divide) Two chromosomes that are the same size and shape and carry the same genes for the same trait. Type of cancer where cells invade and destroy healthy tissues in other parts of the body Type of cancer where cells remain in a mass and pose no threat unless they suppress vital organs Homologous Chromosomesalso called Homologues Malignant Benign

4 Type of reproduction which results in genetic variation helping improve the species chance of survivability Type of reproduction with one parent cell and no gametes? Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction Type of reproduction with two parent cells and the fusion of gametes to form a zygote? types of asexual reproduction Types of cells with 1 set of chromosomes (with 1/2 the normal diploid number or 1n) Types of cells with 2 sets or the full amount of chromosomes (2n) Uncoiled and spread out DNA is called What are substances called that can promote or induce cancer? Sexual Reproduction binary fission, mitosis, and regeneration gametes or sex cells somatic cells which are all body cells chromatin carcinogens What are the three ways that genetic variation occurs in meiosis? Crossing over, independent assortment, and the random pairing of gametes What controls cell division in eukaryotic cells? proteins at three checkpoints

5 What does n + n = 2n represent? What is a gamete? The chromosome number during fertilization Haploid sex cell What is the female gamete? egg What is the female reproductive organ that produces the eggs? ovaries What is the male gamete? sperm What is the male reproductive organ that produces the sperm? testes What is the name given to the chromosomes that code for all regular traits? (pairs 1-22) What is the name of the process when the male and female gamete join together? What is formed? What is uncontrolled cell growth or division? When are homologous chromosomes pulled apart? Autosomes Fertilization - A zygote is formed cancer Meiosis I

6 Which chromosome combination results in a female? XX Which chromosome combination results in a male? XY Which chromosome pair determines the gender or sex? Pair 23