Biology 211 Exam 1 Review!

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1 Biology 211 Exam 1 Review Scientific Method: 1. List the five characteristics of science. 2. Complete the following table. Term Hypothesis Facts Theory Chapter 1 Definition 3. Name and describe are the two kinds of reasoning used in scientific endeavors. 4. List the five steps of the scientific method (hypothesis-based). c. d. e. Origins and History of Life: 1. List the seven characteristics of living things. 2. What are the two main theories for the origin of life on Earth? Describe each. 3. Complete the following table. Stage of Life More Info (I.e. Evidence/Why Important) of 8

2 Stage of Life More Info (I.e. Evidence/Why Important) 4 4. Most rocks with fossils are. Older rock is deeper and therefore organisms are deeper in the rock bed. 5. The oldest fossil are found in, which are approximately billion years old. 6. Oxygen began accumulating in the atmosphere due to photosynthesis about billion years ago, which was known as the. 2 of 8

3 Chapter 36 Viruses: 1. Watch super cool videos: Label all of the following from the image to the right: c. d. e. f. 3. Viral refers to the spread of infectious virions from one individual to another. Transmission 4. Write in the blanks whether the statement refers to the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle of a virus. The cell reproduces normally during the cycle. New phages are assembled from viral DNA and proteins during the cycle. c. The cell is broken open during the cycle. d. The viral DNA integrates into the chromosome of the host cell during the cycle. e. The host is destroyed during the cycle. 5. Label each type of virus cycle in the image below. 3 of 8

4 6. Name and define the three hypotheses of the origin of viruses. Hypothesis Definition Subviral Agents: Subviral Agent Definition Cause of. 4 of 8

5 Chapter 29 Prokaryotes: 7. What do we mean when we say prokaryotes are ubiquitous? Give an example of this ubiquity. 8. The cell walls of bacteria are made of which of the following? Chitin Peptidoglycan c. Cellulose d. Stromatolites 9. What colors do Gram negative and Gram positive stain? How does the Gram negative cell wall differ from the Gram positive cell wall? Which is susceptible to penicillin? 10. Complete the table below Why Prokaryotes are successful? Details for each attribute Complete the following chart based on genetic recombination. Lateral Gene Transfer Type Definition of 8

6 12. Compare and contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs. What are chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs? Autotrophs: i. Chemoautotrophs: ii. Photoautotrophs: Heterotrophs: 13. Name and describe the three metabolic types with respect to oxygen: c. 14. Nitrogen is when prokaryotes convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). 15. Complete the following chart with simple answers of yes or no. Character Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Membrane bound nucleus Peptidoglycan in cell walls 16. Match the term to the correct definition for the Domain Archae Thrive in very hot environments Live in highly saline environments (>30%) c. Live in anaerobic environments, such as the intestinal tract of cattle 17. About of all human diseases are caused by prokaryotes. 18. List at least two examples of prokaryotic-caused diseases in humans 19. Describe the difference between exotoxins and endotoxins in bacteri Exotoxins: i. Ex: Endotoxins: i. Ex: 20. Provide at least three reasons why prokaryotes are important. c. 6 of 8

7 Chapter Most Protists are cellular Eukaryotes and have a,which is where DNA is located and membrane bound. Prokaryotes are trophs. 2. What is the theory that describes how Eukaryotes came to be? Explain What are two organelles found in eukaryotes today that were possibly prokaryotes at one point in time? What do we predict each organelle is a decedent from? 4. Describe the difference between primary and secondary endosymbiosis. What evidence do we have of secondary enodsymbiosis? 5. Multiple Choice: Meiosis results in... Four genetically distinct daughter cells Four genetically identical daughter cells c. Two identical daughter cells d. Two distinct daughter cells 6. During meiosis, a cell goes from to four cells. 7. During mitosis, a cell goes from diploid to. It can also go from haploid to. 8. What is an example of a multicellular protist? 9. Alternation of Generations is a type of life cycle in which a multicellular stage alternates with a multicellular stage. 10. Complete the chart below Supergroup Major Clades Key Morphological Characteristics Specific Examples Diplomonad Parabasalid Euglenozoa Alveolata 7 of 8

8 Supergroup Major Clades Key Morphological Characteristics Specific Examples Apicomplexans Ciliates Stramenopiles Oomycetes Diatoms Brown Algae Foraminifera Radiolaria Red Algae Green Algae Amoebozoa 11. Two major groups of Clade Euglenozoa Group Key Morphological Characteristics Specific Examples 12. Three major groups of Clade Alveolata Group Key Morphological Characteristics Specific Examples 13. Two important groups of Clade Amoebozoa Group Key Morphological Characteristics Specific Examples 8 of 8