12/28/11. Introduction to Microbiology. Eukaryote microorganisms: The Fungi. Dr A. Fleming
|
|
- Avis Griffin
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lecture Preview: The Fungi What you will learn: 1. Fungi are eukaryotes 2. Usually filamantous (hyphae) 3. Spore bearing Introduction to Microbiology Eukaryote microorganisms: The Fungi 4. Can be pathogenic or beneficial to plants and animals 5. Can reproduce asexually and sexually Dr A. Fleming FUNGAL EVOLUTION evolved between 1000 and 700 million years ago Domain: Fungi The Fungi: Constitute a monophyletic group - derived from a common ancestor 1
2 Fungal general features: Evidence suggests fungi are more closely related to animals than either plants or protists Generally composed of filamentous hyphae (A mass of hyphae = a mycelium) Non-photosynthetic Non-motile most are saprophytic absorb organic materials from dead organisms Fungal distribution Primarily terrestrial Fungal general structure: Vegetative structure is called a thallus It varies in size from single cell yeasts Global - from polar to tropical regions Associate with plants and animals Can be pathogenic -to multicellular molds (Penicillium) Can form beneficial symbiotic relationships 90,000 species so far, maybe >1.5 million species -and macroscopic mushrooms (densely packed hyphae form a large mycelial mass) 2
3 Fungal cell wall Cell can be encased in chitin Tough polysaccharide containing N-acetylglucosamine Hyphae Hyphae define fungi The thallus of a mold comprises long thread-like hyphae e.g. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hyphae Mycelial mass The hyphae that compose the mycelium can form a macroscopic mass Some hyphae have cross-walls These hyphae are termed septate Other hyphae have no cross walls : Hyphae can be coenocytic -cytoplasm can flow uninterrupted by the absence of cross walls Septate Coenocytic (aseptate) The cross walls are called septa 3
4 Hyphae Septa can have single or multiple pores Coenocytic hyphae -no cross walls Septate Hyphae have cross walls some septa form at regular intervals Other septa isolate old or damaged hypha, or isolate reproductive structures Septa divide hyphae into COMPARTMENTS Septate hyphae are not discrete cells Cytoplasm can flow through each compartment Each hyphal compartment can contain one or more NUCLEI Hyphal structure is essentially a tube There is an outer wall If septa have large pores, the number of nuclei within a hyphal compartment can change nuclei can pass between compartments The inner lumen contains the cytosol and organelles A plasma membrane surrounds the cytoplasm This filamentous structure offers a large surface to volume ratio allows very efficient nutrient absorption 4
5 The hyphal tip Fungal Nutrition Three major types of heterotrophic nutrition Saprophytic digests dead organisms Parasitic digests live organisms The GROWING TIP is structurally and functionally unique: Symbiotic mutual benefit of two independent organisms its cytoplasm is more dense the extreme tip essential for apical growth Fungal metabolism Fungi are usually aerobic Some yeasts are facultatively anaerobic - they can derive energy by fermentation Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The Alcohol Fermentation Alcohol Dehydrogenase Pyruvate decarboxylase Glucose is oxidised to Pyruvate Pyruvate is decarboxylated to Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol 5
6 The Fungal Life Cycle sexual Asexual reproduction: Mitosis Segregation DNA Replication Asexual Shows the alternation of haploid and diploid stages Separation Each new cell acquires a duplicate set of chromosomes Progeny are gene<cally iden<cal Asexual Fungal Reproduction: Asexual reproduction by fission and budding Fragmentation Fission Budding Asexual spore formation Haploid spores arise via mitosis Spores germinate and produce haploid mycelium Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) Results in the rapid production of genetically identical clones Transverse fission Buds 6
7 Asexual fragmentation and spore formation Fungal Sexual Reproduction Typically occurs under conditions of stress Genetically Distinct progeny Sexual reproduc<on: Meiosis Diploid DNA is replicated and re- packaged ader two sequen<al cell divisions Chromosome number is reduced from diploid (2N) to haploid (1N) chromosomal recombina<on occurs Diploid (2N) 2 x 2N Replica<on 2 x 2N Classification of fungi DNA sequence analysis has revealed 8 subdivisions: Chytridiomycetes Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Urediniomycetes Ustilaginomycetes Glomeromycota Microsporidia Gene<cally dis<nct spores Haploid 4 x 1N Often defined by the structure in which sexual spores form 7
8 1. Chytridiomycota - or Chytrids - the most simple fungi - Aquatic - Exhibit asexual and sexual life cycles - Produce a unique sexual spore with a single flagellum - Saprophytic or parasitic 2. Zygomycota Contains the Zygomycetes Most live on decaying organic matter Hyphae are coenocytic with multiple nuclei Asexual spores wind dispersed Sexual reproduction produces tough ZYGOSPORES Can be parasitic flagellated sexual spore UNIQUE! Allomyces sporangia (asexual spores) Moldy strawberries (Rhizopus) Zygomycota the bread mold, Rhizopus stonifer A decaying peach Colonises moist, carbohydrate rich foods Moldy bread Hyphae called rhizoids penetrate the bread and absorb nutrients Other hyphae (stolons) stand upright and produce asexual sporangia These sporangia contain black spores The frames were taken ~12 hours apart over a period of six days 8
9 Meiosis 2N, Zygote Zygomycota Life Cycle 1N 3. Ascomycota contain the Ascomycetes Live on land or water Reproduce asexually and sexually 1N Sexual spores form in saclike ASCI Stolon Mitosis 1N Asci of the fungus Morchella elata (morel), Ascomycota examples include: Many food-spoiling molds The life cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ascus (4 haploid ascospores) Edible Morels and truffles (delicacies) Penicillium, the mold that produces penicillin Yeasts (single-celled fungi) Yeast are unicellular They do not form hyphae 9
10 Some more Ascomycetes 4. Basidiomycota -contain the basidiomycetes (mushrooms) Live on land or water Characterized by perforate septate hyphae Usually reproduce sexually Scarlet Cup Fungus Sexual spores form in club-shaped BASIDIA Morel Chapter 22 Basidiomycota -contain the basidiomycetes The mushroom is a reproductive structure of aggregated hyphae The cap gills bear numerous basidia In each basidium, haploid nuclei fuse to produce a diploid zygote Meiosis yields haploid basidiospores that are released n+n 2n (zygote) Meiosis Basidia on gills Examples include: Mushrooms Puffballs Basidiomycota Shelf fungi (decomposers of wood) Stinkhorns Diploid 2n Haploid 1n Mushroom gills bear reproductive basidia Haploid basidiospores 10
11 Fairy Rings A fairy ring is a circular pattern of mushroom growth Fairy rings form at the edge of an underground fungal mycelium The wider the diameter of the ring, the older the mycelium Some fairy rings are estimated to be 700 years old 5. Glomeromycota Contain the Glomeromycetes Ecologically very important They are symbionts of plants Associate with the roots of plants and trees Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots Fungus provides plant with water, minerals, and organic nutrients it absorbs from the soil Plant provides fungus with sugar 6. Microsporidia This group has a controversial taxonomic history Intracellular parasites of fish, insects and humans Infect immunocompromised people Pathogens include: Enterocystozoon bieneusa- causes diarrhoea or pneumonia Encephaolitozoon cuniculi causes encephalitis and nephritis 80% of plants with roots have mycorrhiza Relationship may have helped plants colonize land 11
12 Microsporidian spore structure Microsporidian spore structure Coiled polar filament Spores are viable outside the host cell Spore germination triggers expulsion of a filament - the polar tube The polar tube pierces the host cell to allow parasite entry Inside the cell more spores multiply Microsporidian spore structure Ecological importance of fungi Recycle nutrients They are decomposers: break down complex organic compounds to simple organic and inorganic elements These elements can be used as nutrients Alien Egg - replace essen<al nutrients that plants remove from the soil 12
13 The fungi: ecological importance Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria Lichens: Symbiotic Partnerships Algal Layer Fungus provides its photosynthetic partner with shelter and protection Photosynthetic partner provides fungus with sugar (food) Fungal Hyphae Attachment Structure lichens are often the first organisms to inhabit barren areas create soil by breaking down rock and adding organic nutrients (from their decay) Beneficial role of fungi Penicillium roqueforti Beer Saccharomyces cerevisiae lichen growing on rock Model Organisms for research 13
14 Negative role of Fungi: Play a major role in disease Plants are particularly vulnerable to fungal attack Fungi can invade plants through the stomates Fungal parasites cause the majority of plant diseases Rusts and smuts are basidiomycete parasites that damage grain crops Corn Smut Fungi are responsible for 15-20% of crop loss yearly Fungal parasites can cause animal diseases Athlete s foot - caused by Tricophytom ruburm lives within and eats outer skin layers (parasite) 14
15 Ringworm - can be caused by the same organism that causes Athlete s Foot or other organisms, - eats skin (parasite) Fungi can produce toxins Claviceps purpurea (an ascomycete) produces ergot alkaloids Infects rye plants and causes ergotism Symptoms include constriction of blood vessels, vomiting, convulsive twitching, hallucinations, and death Salem witch trials of 1692 Fungi can produce good toxins Penicillium (an ascomycete) produces Penicillin First antibiotic to be discovered (1928) Used to combat bacterial diseases Magic Mushrooms -Psilocybe semilanceata Psylocin Break down product of psilocybin This is the psychoactive compound Penicillium Alexander Fleming The mushrooms contain psilocybin 15
16 DEADLY MUSHROOMS Amanita Phalloides (Death cap) Amanita verna Extra Reading Prescott, LM et. Al., Microbiology 7 th edition McGraw-Hill, Boston, 2008 Pages Some Amanita species contains α-amanitin which inhibits RNA polymerase II It affects the central nervous system, liver and kidneys. Death can result 16
Eukaryotes Most are saprobes (live on dead organisms) Grow best in warm, moist environments Mycology is the study of fungi
KINGDOM FUNGI 1 Characteristics 2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI Eukaryotes Most are saprobes (live on dead organisms) Grow best in warm, moist environments Mycology is the study of fungi 3 THE CHARACTERISTICS
More informationCopyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. FUNGI
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. FUNGI FUNGI Fungi are absorptive heterotrophic eukaryotes that digest their food externally and absorb the nutrients Most fungi consist of a mass of threadlike hyphae
More informationFungi What are they? Diverse group of eukaryotic organisms 100,000 to 1,000,000 species
Kingdom Fungi Fungi What are they? Diverse group of eukaryotic organisms 100,000 to 1,000,000 species Fungi Characteristics Kingdom includes Molds, mushrooms & yeasts Characteristically: Most are multicellular
More informationKingdom Fungi. 1. Student will be able to describe the characteristic features in the kingdom Fungi.
Kingdom Fungi Molds, Sac Fungi, Mushrooms, and Lichens Essential Question(s): What makes fungi have their own kingdom? Objectives: 1. Student will be able to describe the characteristic features in the
More information2/12/2013. Fungi. Figure 37.13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fungi Diverse and widespread Break down organic material and recycle vital nutrients About 100,000 species It is estimated there are actually 1.5 million species of fungi Fungi are heterotrophs
More informationKingdom Fungi. Announcements
Kingdom Fungi Announcements Friday lab: Fungi & Lichen Bring a Lichen to ID! Do prelab Quiz #4 Friday Study Prokaryotes & Protists Mushroom Fest extra credit due Fri Email me or bring to lab Endosymbiosis
More informationHow we study diversity: phylogenetic tree. Fungi vs. Animals. Fungi vs. Plants 3/8/18
Ya Yang yangya@umn.edu How we study diversity: phylogenetic tree Office Hours: Monday 10-12 AM 714 Biological Sciences Center Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are more closely related to animals than
More informationUNIT XI. Kingdom Fungi
UNIT XI Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi The Study of Fungi is called Mycology What is probably the largest living organism on earth has been discovered in the Malheur National Forest in eastern Oregon. A fungus
More informationFungi are absorptive heterotrophs that secrete digestive enzymes and are major decomposers of dead organic material
Fungi 1 2002 Prentice Hall, Inc The scarlet hood (Hygrocybe coccinea) Fungi are absorptive heterotrophs that secrete digestive enzymes and are major decomposers of dead organic material 2 Animals 3 Myxozoa
More informationGroups of Fungi. Section 2
Groups of Fungi Section 2 Chytrid Fungi Key Idea: The chytrids are a group of aquatic fungi that provide clues about the evolution of fungi. Chytrid Fungi Chytrids were once classified with protists because
More informationNUTRITION: A) Saprophytes = break down material extracellularly with secreted enzymes : eg) mushrooms, molds
KINGDOM FUNGI (MYCOPHYTA) Mycology = the study of fungi fossil record dates to 900 million years ago at one time classified in the Plantae Kingdom Recent molecular evidence suggests that fungi are probably
More informationKingdom Fungi. The Rotten World We Live In
Kingdom Fungi The Rotten World We Live In 1 Fungi Characteristics General Information Eukaryotic Some are unicellular (yeast). Most are multicellular. Heterotrophic Secretes digestive enzymes onto food
More information3/22/2011. Review. Review. Mitosis: division of cells that results in two identical daughter cells with same genetic information as the first cell
Review Review Mitosis: division of cells that results in two identical daughter cells with same genetic information as the first cell Meiosis: division of cells that results in daughter cells with one-half
More informationKingdom Fungi. Learning Objectives. Introduction. Activity1: Zygomycota. Revised Fall 2017
Kingdom Fungi Revised Fall 2017 ** You will require your text book Biological Science during this lab ** Learning Objectives Building on the learning objectives from your lab syllabus, you will be expected
More informationA) Parasitic B) Mutualistic C) Decomposer D) The first and second responses are both correct. E) All of the listed responses are correct.
Chapter 31, 10 th edition Q1.Fungi are organisms. ( Concept 31.1) A) mixotrophic B) chemoautotrophic C) photoheterotrophic D) photoautotrophic E) chemoheterotrophic Q2. fungi absorb nutrients from living
More informationGeneral Fungus Anatomy: Yeast: single cell fungi that reproduces by fission or budding
Make-Up Assignment: Using the notes below as a guide, look up the organisms you are required to draw on the internet or in a book. Draw the organism in the circles provided and write a description of the
More information21-2 Classification of Fungi Slide 2 of 44
2 of 44 Fungi are classified according to their structure and method of reproduction. The four main groups of fungi are: Common molds (Zygomycota) Sac fungi (Ascomycota) Club fungi (Basidiomycota) Imperfect
More informationChapter 31: Fungi. Student:
Chapter 31: Fungi Student: 1. Specialized symbiotic associations between the roots of plants and fungi are called A) lichens. B) hyphal associations. C) heterokaryotic junctions. D) mycorrhizae. E) a mycelium
More informationGeneral Characteristics
Fungi General Characteristics Primarily terrestrial Filamentous Hyphae Coenocytic (aseptate) septate mycelium Haustoria specialized parasitic hyphae Fungal Hyphae General Characteristics Heterotrophic
More informationDomain: Eukarya Kingdom: FUNGI
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: FUNGI Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls. They are part of the nature s recycling system. They break down organic compounds. Fungi are used in wine, beer, cheese,
More informationFungi are diverse and widespread They are essential for the well-being of most terrestrial ecosystems because they break down organic material and
Chapter 31 Fungi Fungi are diverse and widespread They are essential for the well-being of most terrestrial ecosystems because they break down organic material and recycle vital nutrients About 100,000
More informationKingdom Fungi. The characteristics of fungi The evolution of the fungi Fungal classification
Kingdom Fungi The characteristics of fungi The evolution of the fungi Fungal classification The Characteristics of Fungi Body form * unicellular * filamentous (tube-like strands called hypha (singular)
More informationBack Lesson Print Directed Reading A Section: Fungi CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Fungi CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI 1. What are fungi? 2. How do fungi get nutrients? 3. Many fungi are, which feed on dead plant or animal matter, while other fungi
More informationKINGDOM FUNGI. Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 3a Illustrations 2014 Cengage Learning unless otherwise noted
KINGDOM FUNGI Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 3a Illustrations 2014 Cengage Learning unless otherwise noted Fungi Mycology (mykes =mushroom; logia = study) Major decomposers of dead organic matter Ecosystem:
More informationChapter 12. Eukaryotes. Characterizing and Classifying. 8/3/2014 MDufilho 1
Chapter 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes 8/3/2014 MDufilho 1 General Characteristics of Eukaryotic Organisms Five major groups Protozoa Fungi Algae Water molds Slime molds Include both human
More informationName: Block: FUNGI WORKSHEET
FUNGI WORKSHEET Name: Block: The basic structural features of fungi are not cells but hyphae. Hyphae are microscopic branching filaments filled with cytoplasm and nuclei. Each thread consists of a tube
More informationChapter 23 Fungi. Cengage Learning 2016
Chapter 23 Fungi Fungal Traits and Classification Fungi structure and function Walled cells Spend their lives fixed in place Produce haploid spores by meiosis Heterotrophs that store excess sugar as glycogen
More informationFungal Characteristics 1)Cell wall made of Chitin 2)Heterotrophs and major Decomposers 3)Body is made of Long filaments of hyphae which form a
Fungal Characteristics 1)Cell wall made of Chitin 2)Heterotrophs and major Decomposers 3)Body is made of Long filaments of hyphae which form a mycelium 4)Reproduce sexually and asexually Asexually by spores
More informationHave cell walls made of chitin (same material is found in the skeletons of arthropods)
Fungi are multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs that do not ingest their food but rather absorb it through their cell walls and cell membranes after breaking it down with powerful digestive enzymes. Fungi
More informationFungi absorb food after digesting it outside their bodies. Fungi absorb food after digesting it outside their bodies. Fungi
Fungi absorb food after digesting it outside their bodies Fungi are absorptive heterotrophic eukaryotes, secrete powerful enzymes to digest their food externally, and acquire their nutrients by absorption.
More informationFUNGI are very successful and widespread
because fungi have cell walls, and show a superficial resemblance, Fungi were long allied with PLANTS in fact they differ greatly from plants and are now considered to be more closely related to ANIMALS
More informationFungi. Kingdoms Fungi & Plantae. Fungi and Plants. Fungi and Plants. Phytophthora, Plasmopara. Rusts. Lecture 16
Lecture 16 Kingdoms Fungi & Plantae Plantae Fungi Animalia Fungi and Plants Three lines of evolution from Protista based on mode of nutrition: Animals: Ingestion Fungi: Absorption Plants: Photosynthesis
More informationProtists - a member of a group of eukaryotic organisms, which have a membrane bound nucleus.
7ch8 Protists Protists - a member of a group of eukaryotic organisms, which have a membrane bound nucleus. protists are a diverse group with many different adaptations share some characteristics with plants,
More informationFungi Coloring Worksheet
Fungi Coloring Worksheet The basic structural features of fungi are not cells but hyphae. Hyphae are microscopic branching filaments filled with cytoplasm and nuclei. Each thread consists of a tube formed
More informationLaboratory Fungi. 1. Differentiate between common members of the four taxa. 3. Recognize and name some common members of the taxa.
Laboratory Fungi Fungi are generally classified as absorptive heterotrophs. Approximately 100,000 species have been placed into the basic taxa: chytridiomycota, zygomycota, ascomycota, and basidiomycota.
More informationFungi are heterotrophs and absorb nutrients from outside of their body
Chapter 31 Fungi Nutrition and Ecology Fungi are heterotrophs and absorb nutrients from outside of their body Fungi use enzymes to break down a large variety of complex molecules into smaller organic compounds
More information19.1 Diversity of Protists. KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
19.1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. 19.1 Diversity of Protists Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. Protists are eukaryotes
More informationCharacterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes. Fungi. Chemoheterotrophic. Have cell walls typically composed of chitin. Do not perform photosynthesis
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes Chemoheterotrophic Have cell walls typically
More informationCharacterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes. Fungi. Chemoheterotrophic. Have cell walls typically composed of chitin. Do not perform photosynthesis
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes Chemoheterotrophic Have cell walls typically
More informationGeneral Characteristics of Fungi: chitin more related to animals
Fungus, plural fungi, any of about 99,000 known species of organisms of the kingdom, which includes the yeasts, rusts, smuts, mildews, molds, and mushrooms. are among the most widely distributed organisms
More informationDiversity of Fungi. 10-noon Tuesdays BSE 113. Tree of Life. Opisthokonts. Kevin Bonine 182 Office Hours. Orange. Upcoming Syllabus (middle third)
Upcoming Syllabus (middle third) 24 Feb KB Fungi Chapter 31 26 Feb KB Prokaryotes, Protists, Photoautotrophy, Endosymbioses Chapters 28, 29 Diversity of Fungi (Freeman Ch31) 3 Mar KB Plant Diversity Chapter
More information3.1 The Fungi. Why Fungi Are Important. Classification and Phylogeny
3.1 The Fungi Fungi (singular: fungus) are some of the most common but least visible organisms on Earth. Fungi often grow out of sight underground or within other organisms that may be either dead or alive.
More informationFungi. Heyer 1. Most are saprobic Major decomposers. Many are parasitic Many are mutualistic symbionts Some are predatory! Kingdom: Fungi (Eumycota)
Kingdom: Fungi (Eumycota) Sphongos (Greek: ): spongy Fungus (Latin): mushroom Mycos (Greek): mushroom Mycology: the study of fungi Eukaryotic Multicellular (most) with limited differentiation Chitinous
More informationTopic 18. Fungi. Web
Topic 18. Fungi Historically fungi were considered to be plants. Molecular evidence, however, indicates that they are actually more closely allied with the animals. Fungi are all heterotrophic, and live
More informationIntroduction. Ecosystems would be in trouble without fungi to decompose dead organisms, fallen leaves, feces, and other organic materials.
Introduction Ecosystems would be in trouble without fungi to decompose dead organisms, fallen leaves, feces, and other organic materials. This decomposition recycles vital chemical elements back to the
More informationBio 134 PRACTICE TEST Ch. 19, 20 (Protist and Fungi)
Name: Class: _ Date: _ ID: A Bio 134 PRACTICE TEST Ch. 19, 20 (Protist and Fungi) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A protist is any organism
More informationBacteria, Viruses, Fungi & Parasites
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi & Parasites Date: Sized Extra-Small What is a prokaryote? All living things are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are made up of one or many cells, each of which has
More informationBiology I: Macaw Book Unit IV: Microbiology
Biology I: Macaw Book Unit IV: Microbiology Chapter 21 Fungus Fungus Lab Name: Date: Hour: Fungus Lab Pre-Lab Discussion Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls that contain chitin. Most people
More informationBacteria, Viruses, Fungi & Parasites. 8th grade
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi & Parasites 8th grade Sized Extra-Small What is a prokaryote? All living things are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. What is a prokaryote? Eukaryotes are made up of one or many
More information21-3 Ecology of Fungi Slide 1 of 23
1 of 23 21-3 Ecology of Fungi The oldest known fungi fossils are about 230 million years old. Fungi may have helped early plants obtain nutrients and may have been essential to plants colonization of the
More informationCH 11 PROTISTS AND FUNGI
CH 11 PROTISTS AND FUNGI Name Day M T W Th F Weekly Lifeline Period B_ Check Question What is a parasite? KICK-OFF LEARNING LOG KICK-OFF Response (1) A parasite is an organism that feeds off of another
More informationProtists & Fungi. Words to Know: Chapters 19 & 20. Label the paramecium diagram above. (pg. 548)
Words to Know: Protozoan Chapters 19 & 20 Protists & Fungi Microsporidium Contractile vacuole Pseudopod Bioluminescent Colony Plasmodium Chitin Hypha Septum Spore Sporangium Rhizoid Lichen Mycorrhiza Label
More informationStudy Guide B. Answer Key. Protists and Fungi
Protists and Fungi Answer Key SECTION 1. DIVERSITY OF PROTISTS 1. eukaryotes 2. protists may be single-celled, colonial, or multicellular 3. No, the size of protists range from microscopic to very large.
More informationFungi. Objectives: Introduction:
Fungi Objectives: Be able to explain how fungi acquire their nutrients. Be able to explain the structural role that chitin (a substance also found in the exoskeletons of arthropods!) plays in fungi. Gain
More informationIntroduction to Fungi True or False
Introduction to Fungi True or False 1. Fungi are a kingdom in the domain Prokarya. 2. Mushrooms are fungi. 3. Yeasts are fungi. 4. Amoeba are fungi. 5. Fungi have cell walls made of cellulose, just like
More informationLecture XXI Fungi Dr. Kopeny
Lecture XXI Fungi Dr. Kopeny Delivered 2/18 Lecture outline Fungi -Origins and diversity -Organismal Biology; Vegetative and Reproductive bodies -Ecological Roles and Relationships Freeman (2002) Shelf
More informationChapter 9. Fungi and Aquatic Plants. Introduction: The Big Step: DIVISION OF LABOUR
Chapter 9. Fungi and Aquatic Plants Introduction: The Big Step: DIVISION OF LABOUR In single cell organisms (protists) all life functions are performed by specialized organelles within one cell (a.k.a.
More informationClassification by Aristotle and Theophrastus. Early Classification. Living Things
Classification by Aristotle and Theophrastus Early Classification Living Things Plants Animals Classification by Aristotle and Theophrastus Aristotle's Classification Animals Air Dwellers Land Dwellers
More informationBiology 1030 Winter 2009
Microorganisms Chapter 17 (556-560, 564-565) Chapter 31 (608-623) Chapter 28 (549-569) Microorganisms Bacteria Cyanobacteria Fungi Protists Bacteria Are Wee 1 mm = 1000000 Largest prokaryote is 100000
More informationBIOL 153L General Biology II Lab Black Hills State University Lab 6: Fungi Read before starting!
BIOL 153L General Biology II Lab Black Hills State University Lab 6: Fungi Read before starting! This will be a take-home lab. We recommend that you complete this handout in the order presented work through
More informationChapter 21: Protists
Chapter 21: Protists Section 1: Characteristics of Protists Gamete: a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another gamete to form a zygote Zygote: the cell that results from the fusion of gametes
More informationWorkshop on Kingdom Fungi
Workshop on Kingdom Fungi by Dana Krempels Introduction Kingdom Fungi is an ostensibly monophyletic assemblage of ecologically important organisms that not only perform the vital function of decomposition,
More informationMushrooms, morels, and truffles, delights of the gourmet,
26 Kingdom Fungi Fungal spores. The rounded earthstar (Geastrum saccatum) releases a puff of microscopic spores after the sac, which is about 1.3 cm (0.5 in) wide, is hit by a raindrop. This fungus is
More informationBIOL 1010 Introduction to Biology: The Evolution and Diversity of Life. Spring 2011 Sections A & B
BIOL 1010 Introduction to Biology: The Evolution and Diversity of Life. Spring 2011 Sections A & B Steve Thompson: stthompson@valdosta.edu http://www.bioinfo4u.net 1 Fungi more than just 'shrooms We are
More informationFungi. Chapter 31. Lecture Outline. Overview: Mighty Mushrooms. Concept 31.1 Fungi are heterotrophs that feed by absorption.
Chapter 31 Fungi Lecture Outline Overview: Mighty Mushrooms The honey mushroom Armillaria ostoyae in Malheur National Forest in eastern Oregon is enormous. Its subterranean mycelium covers 965 hectares,
More informationPlants and Fungi. Bryophytes Bryophytes, most commonly mosses Sprawl as low mats over acres of land
Plants and Fungi Terrestrial Adaptations of Plants Structural Adaptations A plant is a multicellular eukaryote and a photoautotroph, making organic molecules by photosynthesis In terrestrial habitats,
More informationName: Date: Period: Forms a spore producing structure called an ascus Morals Truffles Yeast
Name: Date: Period: Fungi and Plant Unit Review Worksheet Part I (KEY) Directions: Treat this like an assessment and answer as much as you can without ANY help. See how much you actually know by highlighting/starring
More informationBIOLOGY 1021 UNIT 1: MULTICELLULAR STRUCTURE CHAPTER 15 P AND CHAPTER 16 P
BIOLOGY 1021 UNIT 1: MULTICELLULAR STRUCTURE CHAPTER 15 P. 307-311 AND CHAPTER 16 P. 328-331 Be sure to know flow chart an understanding from atoms to multicellular organisms. Importance of carbon, hydrogen,
More informationMajor Events in the History of Earth
Major Events in the History of Earth Cenozoic Humans Land plants Animals Origin of solar system and Earth Multicellular eukaryotes 1 Proterozoic eon 2 Archaean eon 3 4 Single-celled eukaryotes Atmospheric
More informationFundamentals of Small- Scale Mushroom Production
Fundamentals of Small- Scale Mushroom Production presented by Dr. Barry Pryor Professor, School of Plant Sciences & Thom Plasse Instructional Specialist, Pima County Cooperative Extension, Tucson Village
More informationLecture 13: The Fungus Among Us
Lecture 13: The Fungus Among Us I. What are they? A. Fungi are organisms that grow best in dark, moist habitats. B. Once thought to be plants, they are now thought to be 1. C. They receive their energy
More informationLab Exercise: Diversity of Eukaryotic Microbes
Lab Exercise: Diversity of Eukaryotic Microbes OBJECTIVES 1. To observe representatives of major types of microbes. 2. To cultivate select representatives of major types of microbes. 3. Understand key
More informationFungi BIOLOGY. Visual Learning Company. Editors: Brian A. Jerome Ph.D. Stephanie Zak Jerome. Graphics: Fred Thodal Dean Ladago
Instructor s Manual Editors: Brian A. Jerome Ph.D. Stephanie Zak Jerome Assistant Editors: Louise Marrier Lyndsey Canfield Heidi Berry Graphics: Fred Thodal Dean Ladago BIOLOGY Visual Learning Company
More informationFundamentals of Small- Scale Mushroom Production
Fundamentals of Small- Scale Mushroom Production presented by Dr. Barry Pryor Professor, School of Plant Sciences & Thom Plasse Instructional Specialist, Pima County Cooperative Extension, Tucson Village
More informationINDEPENDENT STUDY: KINGDOM FUNGI
INDEPENDENT STUDY: KINGDOM FUNGI Please complete the questions using your textbook as a reference. As you will see, this is not as detailed as your usual Guided Readings and you will have to focus on some
More informationWelcome to the World of Fungi
Welcome to the World of Fungi In the beginning Can you believe that fungi have been around on earth longer than humans? Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. Humans have been on earth for about
More informationUnit 14.1: Introduction to Protists
Unit 14.1: Introduction to Protists This organism consists of a single cell with several flagella. Is it a prokaryote, such as a bacterium? Actually, it s larger than a prokaryotic cell, and it also has
More informationFungi 2/15/2019. Fungal Structure. Fungal Structure. Fungal Structure. Distinguishing characteristics of Fungi. Learning Objectives
Learig Objectives Fugi By the ed of this uit, a studet should be able to List distiguishig characteristics, describe a typical life cycle, ad give examples of each of the followig fugal groups: chytridiomycetes,
More informationCH 5 Mostly Microorganisms. Microorganisms covered in this chapter:
Biology 2201 Name: CH 5 Mostly Microorganisms Microorganisms covered in this chapter: Kingdom Bacteria or Monera: Pg. 132-137 Bacteria are simple, prokaryotic organisms. They can be classified according
More informationBotany: An introduction to plant biology, 5 ed. Mauseth. Chapter24
1 UNIT 1: FUNGI th Botany: An introduction to plant biology, 5 ed. Mauseth. Chapter24 OBJECTIVES In doing this unit you will look at representatives from several groups of the fungi and learn about the
More informationProtists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike.
SECTION 19.1 DIVERSITY OF PROTISTS Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. VOCABULARY protist Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. 1. Are protists
More informationChapter 12: EUKARYOTIC MICROBES
Chapter 12: EUKARYOTIC MICROBES 1. Protista: Algae & Protozoa 2. Fungi 3. Helminths 1. Protista: Algae & Protozoa Chapter Reading pp. 355-363, 374-378, 660-663, 665-666 Overview of the Algae Characteristics
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide Onto Land
Slide 1 18.1 Onto Land 18.1.1 Describe the evolutionary relationship between green algae and land plants. 18.1.2 List the five significant events in the evolution of land plants. 18.1.3 Describe the alternation
More information1. Access the page Reading: Fungi. 2. Zygomycota (bread mold): View the prepared slides of the zygospores and sporangia.
Fungi Lab Learning Objectives State the kingdom of mushrooms, yeast, and bread molds State the phylum of the bread mold State the phylum of the mushroom (club fungi) State the phylum of the yeast (sac
More informationChapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land Name Period Concept 29.1 Land plants evolved from green algae 1. Plants colonized land about
More information2.15 Fungi. mycelium a collective term for the branching filaments that make up the part of a fungus not involved in sexual reproduction
mycelium a collective term for the branching filaments that make up the part of a fungus not involved in sexual 2.15 Fungi Fungi were once classified as members of the plant kingdom. However, fungi, unlike
More informationSG 9.2 notes Ideas about targets and terms: 9.2 In the past, all living things were classified in either the kingdom of animals or plants
Ideas about targets and terms: 9.2 In the past, all living things were classified in either the kingdom of animals or plants Euglena are singled celled organisms in pond water They are green, so contain,
More informationProtists: Molds Lecture 3 Spring 2014
Meet the Protists 1 Protists: Molds Lecture 3 Spring 2014 Domain Eukarya What unites them as a group? The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells Evolution of the endomembrane system Which organelles are included in
More informationProtists: Molds Lecture 3 Spring 2014
Protists: Molds Lecture 3 Spring 2014 Meet the Protists 1 Domain Eukarya What unites them as a group? The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells 2 Evolution of the endomembrane system Which organelles are included
More informationWelcome to the World of Fungi
Welcome to the World of Fungi In the beginning Can you believe that fungi have been around on earth longer than humans? Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. Humans have been on earth for about
More informationThe Eukaryotes. I. The Fungi Mycology = the study of fungi: Myco is Greek for fungi, ology = the study of
The Eukaryotes I. The Fungi Mycology = the study of fungi: Myco is Greek for fungi, ology = the study of A. What are fungi? Primarily terrestrial organisms 100,000 species have been described (Estimates
More informationWhat are fungi? Lesson 2. Reading Guide. Key Concepts. Vocabulary
792 iscience Grade 7, Davis County Edition Lesson 2 Reading Guide Key Concepts ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What are the different types of fungi and how do they compare? Why are fungi important? What are lichens?
More informationBIO102: Plant Diversity DIVERSITY OF FUNGI
DIVERSITY OF FUNGI www.bupoyesiku.net ~ 1 ~ Department of Plant Science Contents Topic: Diversity of Fungi...3 Objectives...3 Reading Assignment...3 Lecture...3 Introduction...4 Main Content...4 Background
More information2.15 Fungi BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2.15 Fungi BACKGROUND INFORMATION More than 100 000 species of fungi exist. Fungi are usually classified in four divisions: the Chytridiomycota (chytrids), Zygomycota (bread moulds), Ascomycota (yeasts
More informationProtists. Plant Like Animal Like Fungus Like. What are the three main groups of protists?*
Protists & Fungi Protists Single celled or multi-celled organisms that live in moist areas Eukaryotic organisms Characteristics of plants, animals and fungi Grouped in to three main groups* Plant Like
More informationUnit 8: Prokaryotes, Protists, & Fungi Guided Reading Questions (60 pts total)
AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 10th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Name: Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea Unit 8: Prokaryotes, Protists, & Fungi
More informationUnit 10: The simplest living beings
Unit 10: The simplest living beings 1. Fungi 2. Protoctists 2.1. Protozoa 2.2. Algae 3. Bacteria 4. Viruses Think and answer? a. What type of organism can you see in the photograph? b. What type of cells
More informationVIII. Kingdom Protista- (protists) A. General characteristics of protists:
VIII. Kingdom Protista- (protists) A. General characteristics of protists: 1. Protists are unicellular organisms that have a nucleus to organize their hereditary material. 2. Some protists help their host
More informationSY 2017/ nd Final Term Revision. Student s Name: Grade: 10A/B. Subject: Biology. Teacher Signature
SY 2017/2018 2 nd Final Term Revision Student s Name: Grade: 10A/B Subject: Biology Teacher Signature Biology Grade 10A/B Revision Work Sheet Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true
More informationBiology. Slide 1of 34. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1of 34 20 5 Funguslike Protists 2of 34 20 5 Funguslike Protists Similarities and differences between funguslike protists and fungi Like fungi, g, funguslike protists are heterotrophs that absorb
More information