Speciation and Extinction

Transcription

1 Speciation and Extinction

2 First, the eyes... (Continuing from yesterday)

3 First, the eyes...

4

5 Broad Specific Taxonomic Group Humans are in... Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapians Subspecies sapians

6 Taxonomy

7 Taxonomy allows us to make sense of the seemingly endless diversity we find in nature

8 Taxonomy allows us to make sense of the seemingly endless diversity we find in nature by organizing what we see into groups according to how they relate to each other

9 Three Taxon Statement Given three taxa, which two are more closely related to each other?

10 First find smallest sister taxa, then think outgroup

11 First find smallest sister taxa, then think outgroup

12 First find smallest sister taxa, then think outgroup

13 First find smallest sister taxa, then think outgroup

14 These are all the same.

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17 Italics

18 Italics Genus capitalized

19 Homo sp.

20 H. sapiens

21 Pan sp.

22 Gorilla sp.

23 G. gorilla

24 G. gorilla Western Gorilla, Gorilla gorilla

25 Milvago sp.

26 tettigoniidae

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29 Myrmotherula

30 Epinecrophylla Myrmotherula

31 Epinecrophylla Myrmotherula

32 Epinecrophylla Myrmotherula

33 Epinecrophylla Myrmotherula

34 Epinecrophylla Myrmotherula

35 Taxonomic name can tell you about relationship...

36 Not all traditional groups are clades Which are the dinosaurs?

37 Not all traditional groups are clades Which are the dinosaurs?

38 Not all traditional groups are clades

39

40 You re welcome!

41 Speciation

42 Speciation Biological Species A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring

43 Speciation Biological Species A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring Speciation The formation of a new species

44 Speciation Biological Species A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring Speciation The formation of a new species Gene pool A population s entire collection of genes and alleles

45 Speciation Biological Species A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring Speciation The formation of a new species Gene pool A population s entire collection of genes and alleles Reproductive barrier Mechanism that prevents groups of organisms from sharing a gene pool

46 Speciation Biological Species A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring Speciation The formation of a new species Gene pool A population s entire collection of genes and alleles Reproductive barrier Mechanism that prevents groups of organisms from sharing a gene pool Extinction Death of all the individuals of a species

47 Prezygotic Barriers The prevention of two species combining zygotes

48 Postzygotic Barriers The selection against a hybrid offspring Jaglion Infertile

49 Allopatric Speciation

50 Allopatric Speciation Speciation by geographic separation Zones of endemism Dusky-throated Antshrike Saturnine Antshrike

51 Sympatric Speciation Speciation without geographic separation

52 Sympatric Speciation Speciation without geographic separation

53 Sympatric Speciation Speciation without geographic separation H. peruviana H. cantator

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58 What s up with Ensatina?

59 Speciation may happen gradually

60 Or in fits and starts

61 In Punctuated Equilibrium

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63 Extinction

64 Extinction Background extinction Gradual loss of species due to normal evolutionary process

65 Extinction Background extinction Gradual loss of species due to normal evolutionary process Mass extinctions Great number of species disappear in a relatively short amount of time. 5 occur in the fossil record.

66 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater

67 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater

68 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater

69 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater

70 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater

71 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater

72 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater

73 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater

74 Extinction Events: Chicxulub Crater

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78 Test 2 on Thursday! Group activity: Make study tools! 7/16 = FIELD CLASS DAY at EDGEWOOD PARK Lab notebook Check Lab 11 (lab manual, lab notebook) 13 (lab notebook, plant lab) and Dissection Drawings