Edexcel Biology Checklist

Transcription

1 Topic 1. Key Concepts in biology Video: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Compare the structure of animal and plant cells Label typical and atypical prokaryotic cells Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Video: Orders of magnitude and standard form Practice converting units Practice writing numbers in standard form Calculate differences in orders of magnitude Multiply and divide numbers in standard form Video: Microscopes and magnification Compare light and electron microscopes Describe how to use a microscope to view prepared animal and plant cells Maths Skill: To calculate magnification and the actual size of cells. Video: Microscope drawing and measuring cell size Estimate cell size based on the diameter of the field of view Draw low and high plan drawings from microscopes Video: Specialised cells Describe how some specialised cells are adapted for their function Describe the adaptations of the gametes Compare cilia and microvilli. Video: Enzymes Describe enzyme structure and how they work Describe and explain the factors that affect enzyme reactions with reference to typical rates of reaction graphs Video: Core Practical: investigating enzymes and calculating the rate of reaction Describe how to conduct a rates of reaction investigation on the effect of ph on amylase Calculate and plot the rate of reaction Video: Core Practical: food tests Describe how to use a chemical reagent to test the presence of a food group in a food sample Describe how to calculate the energy content of foods using bomb calorimetry

2 Video: Enzymes in digestion Describe the role of enzymes in digestion Describe the substrates and products for each class of digestive enzyme State where each of the class of digestive enzyme can be found in the digestive system Video: Diffusion and active transport Define diffusion and active transport Describe the role of carrier proteins in active transport Compare active and passive transport Video: Core Practical: osmosis in potatoes Define osmosis Explain what could happen to animal and plant cells, due to osmosis, if the water concentration is not regulated Investigate how the concentration of a solution could affect the change in mass Topic 2. Cells and control Video: Cell division Describe what happens in the different stages of mitosis Describe the process of cell differentiation in mammals and cell elongation in plants Describe how percentile charts are used to monitor development Explain what is meant by cancer Video: Stem cells Define a stem cell Describe the difference between embryonic and adult stem cells State that stem cells in plants are found in their meristems Video: The nervous system Describe the structure of the nervous system Explain how the components of the nervous system can produce a coordinated response Explain how the structure of a reflex arc is related to its function Describe the role of synapses Video: The brain Describe the structure and function of the parts of the brain Compare the use of CT and PET scans in studying the brain [Higher Tier] Discuss the difficulties in treating brain and spinal cord problems [Higher Tier]

3 Video: The eye Relate eye structures to their function Describe some common defects of the eye and explain how some of these problems are overcome Topic 3. Genetics Video: Asexual and sexual reproduction and meiosis Compare and evaluate sexual and asexual reproduction Compare and evaluate mitosis and meiosis Describe the stages in meiosis Video: DNA and the human genome project Describe DNA as a polymer made up of 2 strands colied to form a double helix Describe how DNA can be extracted from fruit Describe the genome as the entire DNA of an organism and a gene as a section of DNA Discuss the outcomes of the Human Genome and its potential applications in medicine Video: Protein synthesis Describe the structure of a nucleotide Explain how the order of bases in a gene decides the order of amino acids in the protein and that these fold to produce specifically shaped proteins such as enzymes Describe the process of protein synthesis including transcription and translation Compare the effects of mutations on protein structure when the mutations occur in coding and non-coding sections of DNA. Video: Genetic diagrams Distinguish between the terms dominant, recessive, homozygous and heterozygous Explain the inheritance of characteristics using Punnett squares Explain why there is a 50% chance of the inheritance of a particular gender. Video: Mendel Describe the work of Mendel in discovering the basis of genetics Recognise the difficulties of understanding inheritance before the mechanism was discovered Video: Fractions, ratio, proportion and probability Apply the concept of probability in the context of inherited diseases Analyse genetic cross using ratios, fractions and percentages [Maths Skills]

4 Video: Sex linkage and multiple alleles Describe how multiple alleles, like the ABO blood groups are inherited Explain what is meant by codominance Explain why more men than women suffer from sex-linked genetic disorders [Higher Tier] Video: Variation and mutation State that the genetic variation in a population is due to mutations Appreciate that some mutations do, while other mutations do not affect the organism s phenotype Compare variation caused by genes and the environment Topic 4. Natural Selection and genetic modification Video: Natural selection Describe the process of natural selection as a driving force for evolution Video: Human evolution Describe the evidence for human evolution based on fossils Describe the evidence for human evoultion based on stone tools Video: Theories of evolution: Darwin and Wallace Describe the work of Darwin and Wallace in the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection Describe how the anatomy of the pentadactyl limb provides scientists with evidence of evolution Video: Classification and evolutionary trees Describe how organisms are classified into 5 kingdoms Explain why genetic analysis has altered the classification of life to include the 3 domains Video: Selective breeding Define selective breeding Explain the impact of selective breeding on food plants and domesticated animals Evaluate the process of selective breeding. Video: Tissue culture Describe the process of tissue culture in plants and animals Evaluate the use of tissue culture in medicine and plant breeding programmes Video: Genetic engineering Evaluate genetic engineering Describe how bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce insulin [Higher Tier]

5 Video: GMO s and feeding the world Describe how plants can be genetically modified to produce their own insecticide Evaluate the use of Bt plants Evaluate the use of fertilisers and biological control as agricultural solutions to the demands of a growing human population Topic 5. Health, disease and the development of medicines Video: Health and disease Define health Compare communicable and non-communicable disease Explain why the presence of one disease can lead to an increased susceptibility to other diseases Describe the symptoms of some common infections and how they are spread and prevented Define and give examples of pathogens Video: Immunity and vaccination Recap the body s first line of defence (non-specific immunity) Describe the role of phagocytes in non-specific immunity Describe the role of lymphocytes in the body s second line of defence (specific immunity) Describe how vaccines generate antibodies to provide immunity to communicable diseases Video: Monoclonal antibodies Define what is meant by monoclonal antibodies Describe how monoclonal antibodies are created Describe how monoclonal antibodies are used as a diagnostic tool and to treat illness. Video: Culturing microorganisms Define what is meant by aseptic techniques Describe how to use aseptic techniques to culture a species of bacteria Describe how to investigate the effect of an antimicrobial agent on the growth of bateria Calculate the area of the inhibition zones (Maths Skill) to evaluate the effectiveness of different antimicrobial agents on bacteria growth. Video: Antibiotics and drug trials Define what an antibiotic is and describe how they were discovered Explain why antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections Describe the process of discovery, development and trialling of new medicines Explain how bias is reduced in drug trialling

6 Video: The lifecycle of a virus Describe the lifecycle of a virus, including the lytic and lysogenic phase Compare the effects of each phase on the host cell Video: Plant defences and diagnosis Describe some physical, mechanical and chemical plant defence methods Describe different ways plant diseases can be detected and identified, in the lab and in the field Video: Non-communicable disease Describe the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease including the effect of smoking Describe the effect of obesity on cardiovascular disease, as well as diabetes Describe how BMI and waist-to-hip-ratio measurements can diagnose obesity Describe some mineral deficiency illnesses are caused by malnutrition Describe how alcohol can influence the liver Video: Cardiovascular disease Describe a range of different forms of cardiovascular disease Describe and evaluate the treatments available for each type of issue associated with the circulatory system Topic 6. Plant Structures and their functions Video: Photosynthesis Describe how glucose is used in a plant Describe the process of photosynthesis and explain why it is an endothermic reaction Video: Investigating photosynthesis Describe how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis Apply the principle of the inverse square law (Higher Tier only and a Maths skill) Calculate the rate of reaction (Maths skills) Video: Limiting factors Explain the effects of temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration as limiting factors of photosynthesis Explain how the interactions of these limiting factors can be helpful in maximising plant yield Video: Plant tissues Describe the adaptations of the tissues in a leaf Explain how water and mineral ions are taken up by plant roots, relating the structure of root hair cells to this function Explain how the structure of the xylem and phloem are adapted to their function in the plant

7 Video: Transpiration Explain the effect of a variety of environmental factors on the rate of water uptake by a plant Describe how a simple potometer can be used to investigate a factor that affects the rate of water uptake in plants Video: Plant adaptations Describe how plants are adapted to survive in extreme environments including the effect of leaf size and shape, the cuticle and stomata Video: Plant hormones Explain the role of auxin in phototropism and gravitropism Describe how plant growth can be controlled by auxin, gibberellins, ethene Topic 7. Animal coordination, control and homeostasis Video: The endocrine system Describe the principles of hormonal control in the endocrine system Name some of the endocrine glands Compare hormonal and nervous control Video: Adrenalin and Thyroxine Explain the role of thyroxine and adrenalin in the body Explain why thyroxine is an example of negative feedback Video: Thermoregulation Explain that thermoregulation takes place with reference to the role of the dermis, epidermis and the hypothalamus Explain the role of shivering in thermoregulation Explain the role of vasodilation and vasoconstriction in thermoregulation [Higher Tier] Video: The menstrual cycle foundation Describe the stages in the menstrual cycle, including the roles of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone, in the control of the menstrual cycle Explain how hormonal contraception works Evaluate hormonal and barrier methods of contraception Video: The menstrual cycle higher Explain the interactions of oestrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH in the control of the menstrual cycle, including the repair and maintenance of the uterus wall, ovulation and menstruation Explain the use of hormones in ART including IVF and clomifene therapy

8 Video: Controlling blood glucose levels Explain how insulin controls blood sugar levels in the body Explain how glucagon interacts with insulin to control blood sugar levels in the body [Higher Tier] Compare type 1 and type 2 diabetes and explain how they should be treated Evaluate the correlation between BMI and type 2 diabetes Video: Controlling water: the excretory system Explain the importance of controlling water in the body Describe the structure of the kidney Describe the role of the nephron Describe how ADH is part of a negative feedback loop Evaluate the use of a kidney transplant over dialysis in treating kidney failure Topic 8. Exchange and transport in animals Video: Respiration Describe respiration as an exothermic reaction that releases energy Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration Describe how to use a simple respirometer to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration [Core Practical] Calculate the rate of respiration [Math skill] Video: The circulatory system Explain how red blood cells and plasma are adapted for transport Describe the structure of the double circulatory system Explain how the structure of the heart and blood vessels are adapted to their function Calculate heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output Video: Diffusion Explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms including the calculation of surface area:volume ratio Explain how alveoli and microvilli are adapted for gas exchange by accommodating Fick s law of diffusion

9 Topic 9. Ecosystems and material cycles Video: Interdependence Describe how ecosystems are organised Explain how biotic and abiotic factors affect communities Describe how species interact in a community by referring to competition and predator-prey cycles. Video: Core Practical: sampling in ecosystems Describe how quadrats can be used to estimate the population of an organism in a habitat Describe how to use transects with quadrats to investigate the effect of an abiotic factor on the distribution of a plant species Describe how to minimise bias in an ecological study. Video: Pyramids of biomass and biomass transfer Describe and interpret pyramids of biomass Describe how biomass is lost at each stage in a food chain Calculate the efficiency of biomass transfer Video: Cycling in ecosystems Describe how carbon, nitrogen and water are cycled in ecosystems Describe the role of decomposers in the cycling of nutrients in ecosystems Describe the process of producing potable water in areas of drought including desalination Video: Decay Describe the factors that speed up and slow down decay Calculate the rate of decay of biological material [Maths Skills] Video: Biodiversity Describe the positive and negative impacts of fish farming on biodiversity Describe the process of eutrophication and its impact on biodiversity Describe the effects of introducing a non-indigenous species to an ecosystem Explain the importance of conservation in maintaining biodiversity, including the role of reforestation and captive breeding programmes Video: Monitoring pollution and biodiversity Describe how biological indicators can be used to evaluate the impact of environmental change on water and air quality

10 Video: Food security Describe how an increased human population is affecting our food security Describe the impact of new pests and pathogens on food security Describe the effect of farming practices on food security Explain the human effect on the environment Discuss how biofuels can help to increase the sustainability of our foods.