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1 Read through the list of frameworks that we covered during the first semester, and pick the statement that most closely matches your understanding of the framework. Then, answer the related question below on the scantron. Molecules and Cells MC.1.B.1 Describe the structure and function of the major organic molecules found in living systems: carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids 1. Sucrose, maltose, and lactose are called because they consist of two. MC.1.B.1 a. dipeptides; amino acids b. monosaccharides; simple sugars c. nucleotides; simple sugars d. disaccharides; monosaccharides MC.1.B.2 Describe the relationship between an enzyme and its substrate molecule(s) 2. Which of the following statements about enzymes and substrates are true? a. Enzymes and substrates must fit together to work properly. b. Enzymes and substrates are examples of lipids. c. Enzymes fit into the sites on substrates, and then the enzymes are converted to products. d. Temperature and ph have no effect on enzymes and substrates. MC.1.B.3 Investigate the properties and importance of water and its significance for life: surface tension, adhesion, cohesion, polarity, ph 3. A neutral solution has an equal number of MC.1.B.3 a. hydrogen (H+) and chlorine (Cl-) ions. b. hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions. c. hydroxide (OH-) and oxygen (O-) ions. d. oxygen (O-) and hydrogen (H+) ions. MC.1.B.4 Explain the role of energy in chemical reactions of living systems: activation energy, exergonic reactions, endergonic reactions 4. The difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions is MC.1.B.4 a. the activation energy is higher in exergonic reactions. b. the activation energy is lower in endergonic reactions. c. exergonic reactions release energy while endergonic reactions absorb energy. d. endergonic reactions occur at the beginning of a reaction and exergonic reactions occur at the end.

2 MC.2.B.1 Construct a hierarchy of life from cells to ecosystems 5. A tissue is composed of a group of similar a. organs b. organelles c. cells d. organ systems MC.2.B.2 Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes 6. cells with membrane-bound organelles are: a. prokaryotes b. eukaryotes c. both MC.2.B.3 Describe the role of sub-cellular structures in the life of a cell: organelles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton 7. The cell structure that modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules to be shipped out of the cell is called a. mitochondrion b. lysosome c. Golgi apparatus d. ribosome MC.2.B.4 Relate the function of the plasma (cell) membrane to its structure 8. Identify the hydrophobic region of the bilayer A B

3 MC.2.B.5 Compare and contrast the structures of an animal cell to a plant cell 9. Mitochondria are found in a. plant cells b. animal cells c. both plant and animal cells MC.2.B.6 Compare and contrast the functions of autotrophs and heterotrophs 10. Which piece of information would be most useful for classifying organisms as autotrophs or heterotrophs? a. presence of a cell wall b. method of reproduction c. presence of mitochondria d. method of obtaining energy MC.2.B.7 Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport mechanisms: diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis 11. If a concentrated salt solution (more salt) is on one side of a membrane and a dilute salt solution (less salt) is on the other side, water molecules tend to pass through the membrane a. from the dilute side to the concentrated solution b. from the concentrated side to the dilute solution c. equally in both directions d. until the membrane is broken down MC.2.B.8 Describe the main events in the cell cycle, including the differences in plant and animal cell division: interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis 12. The final stage of cell division in which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called a. cytokinesis b. metaphase. c. interphase. d. mitosis.

4 MC.2.B.9 List in order and describe the stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. 13. Before separating, the centromere of the sister chromatids attach to the _?_ which is made of microtubules. a. equator b. cell membrane c. spindle fiber d. pole MC.2.B.11 Discuss homeostasis using thermoregulation as an example 14. The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions constant is called a. homeostasis. b. photosynthesis. c. metabolism. d. evolution. MC.3.B.1 Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts 15. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis: a. the chloroplast b. the mitochondrion MC.3.B.2 Describe and model the conversion of stored energy in organic molecules into usable cellular energy (ATP): glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain 16. What is the overall equation for cellular respiration? a. 6CO2 + 6O2 6H2O + C6H12O6 b. 6CO2 + C6H12O6 6O2+ 6H2O c. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 d. 6O2 + 6H2O 6CO2+ C6H12O6 MC.3.B.3 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration: lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation

5 17. You have been growing some animal cells in culture. The cells grow well for several weeks, and then don t seem to grow as well. You conduct some tests and determine that there is a lot of lactic acid in the culture fluid. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the poor condition of the cells? a. There is too much glucose in the culture fluid. b. There is not enough glucose in the culture fluid. c. There is too much oxygen in the culture fluid. d. There is not enough oxygen in the culture fluid. MC.3.B.4 Describe and model the conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms: light dependent reactions, light independent reactions 18. If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant s environment, what would you expect to happen to its production of high-energy sugars? a. Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of high-energy sugars in plants. b. More sugars will be produced. c. No sugars will be produced. d. The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide. MC.3.B.5 Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy conversion pathways 19. The process responsible for breaking down glucose is a. photosynthesis b. cellular respiration Ecology and Behavioral Relationships EBR.8.B.1 Cite examples of abiotic and biotic factors of ecosystems 20. Which of the following is an abiotic factor? a. grass b. mice c. temperature d. hickory tree EBR.8.B.2 Compare and contrast the characteristics of biomes

6 21. What biome has tall, perennial grasses, drought-tolerant and fire-resistant trees, and shrubs? a. tropical rain forest b. desert c. savanna d. taiga EBR.8.B.3 EBR.8.B.4 pyramids Diagram the carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and water cycles in an ecosystem 22. Where is carbon found? a. atmosphere b. underground c. living things d. all of the above Analyze an ecosystem s energy flow through food chains, food webs, and energy 23. The energy pyramid above illustrates a. that producers outnumber first-level consumers. b. more consumers than producers. c. the relative biomass of individual organisms at each trophic level. d. the relative amount of energy at each trophic level. EBR.8.B.5 Identify and predict the factors that control population, including predation, competition, crowding, water, nutrients, and shelter

7 24. Which density-dependent factors, other than the predator/prey relationship, affected the populations of moose and wolves on Isle Royale? a. food availability for the moose and disease for the wolf b. parasitic wasps for the wolves and clear-cut forest for the moose c. extreme temperatures for the moose and flooding for the wolves d. a hurricane followed by drought for both moose and wolves EBR.8.B.6 Summarize the symbiotic ways in which individuals within a community interact with each other: commensalism, parasitism, mutualism 25. The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of a. parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the flower. b. mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food, and the insect pollinates the flower. c. predation because the insect feeds on the flower. d. commensalism because the insect doesn t harm the flower, and the flower doesn t benefit from the relationship. EBR.8.B.7 Compare and contrast primary succession with secondary succession 26. What is one difference between primary and secondary succession? a. Primary succession is rapid, and secondary succession is slow. b. Primary succession is caused by human activity and secondary succession is caused only by nature. c. Secondary succession begins on soil, and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces. d. Secondary succession begins with lichens, and primary succession begins with trees. EBR.8.B.8 Identify the properties of each of the five levels of ecology: organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere 27. What is the combined portions of Earth called in which all living things exist? a. biome b. ecosystem c. biosphere d. community

8 EBR.9.B.1 Analyze the effects of human population growth and technology on the environment/biosphere 28. The goals of conservation biology include all of the following EXCEPT a. preservation of habitats and wildlife. b. introducing foreign species into new environments. c. protection and management of individual species. d. wise management of natural resources. EBR.9.B.2 Evaluate long range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal in terms of their environmental, economic, and political impact 29. Using renewable resources while ensuring that they are not depleted is a practice called a. monoculture. b. biological magnification. c. subsistence hunting. d. sustainable development. EBR.9.B.3 Assess current world issues applying scientific themes (e.g., global changes in climate, epidemics, pandemics, ozone depletion, UV radiation, natural resources, use of technology, and public policy) 30. Temperatures on Earth remain within a suitable range for life because of the a. denitrification. b. loss of heat to space. c. greenhouse effect. d. nitrogen fixation. Nature of Science NS.10.B.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works 31. A student came to class wanting to know if science could explain ghosts and hauntings. The teacher explained that A. it had already been proven wrong. B. it could not be proven because it was already outside the realm of the natural world. C. it could not be tested because it is a moral judgment. D. it had already been proven correct.

9 NS.10.B.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws 32. A theory is a broad, well-supported explanation that a. is the opening statement of an experiment. b. may be revised as new evidence is discovered. c. is always true. d. is a problem to be solved. NS.10.B.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term theory used in general conversation 33. (EOC) Which statement about theories is true when the theory is being discussed in general conversation as compared to one that is considered a scientific theory? a. A general conversation theory is a guess or a hunch. b. A general conversation theory is held with a high degree of confidence. c. A general conversation theory is a set of universal statements that explains some aspect of the natural world. d. A general conversation theory is supported by enough physical evidence to make its abandonment unlikely. NS.10.B.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing, hypotheses must be testable, understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data, scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance 34. Which order pertaining to the scientific method is in the correct sequence? a. state the problem, hypothesis, controlled testing, conclusion, peer review b. controlled testing, state the problem, hypothesis, conclusion, peer review c. state the problem, controlled testing, hypothesis, conclusion, peer review d. state the problem, hypothesis, conclusion, controlled testing, peer review NS.11.B.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation 35. A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test NS.11.B.1 a. a mass of information. b. a conclusion. c. a single variable. d. several variables.

10 NS.11.B.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations 36. (EOC) Laboratory instructions require students to assemble a measuring device containing many small parts and springs. Which piece of safety equipment would be required in this investigation? a. apron b. gloves c. lab coat d. safety glasses NS.11.B.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome 37. A scientist develops a new strain of corn. She then receives a large grant from the government to determine how well the new corn grows. She is also responsible for choosing where the new strain of corn will be grown and collecting data on its growth and yield. When the study is completed, she will also write the final report. What is the most likely source of bias in this experiment? a. The scientist grows the corn in fertile soil. b. The scientist does not grow any corn because of drought. c. The scientist may take too much time to finish the report. d. The scientist is making conclusions about a product that she developed. NS.11.B.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics 38. (EOC) The table below presents the results of an experiment testing the number of hours it took for several flowers to bloom. Flower Hours What is the mode of these data? a b c d NS.11.B.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias

11 39. (EOC) Patients with a specific medical condition have been provided with a new device that helps them manage their condition. The patients will be required to participate in a survey regarding the usefulness of these devices. How can the manufacturer be certain that no bias enters into the surveys? a. by paying the patients for their participation b. by waiting until the survey is completed to sell the device c. by having a second, independent party conduct the survey d. by providing a toll-free number in case there are questions about the devices NS.11.B.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables 40. (EOC) Which data set would be most appropriately represented by a line graph? a. data showing all the different uses of timber b. data detailing the temperature of a certain region over a three-month period c. data showing the number of students in biology class with red, blonde, and brown hair d. data showing the number of students who visited the doctor in the past month, broken down by age NS.12.B.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review 41. (EOC) A widely accepted scientific theory needs to be thoroughly revised when it is a. refuted by a hypothesis. b. supported by peer review. c. challenged by scientific data. d. converted into a scientific law. NS.12.B.2 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review 42. (EOC) Under which condition might the theory of evolution be modified? a. Additional empirical data shows natural selection occurring today. b. Scientists find data collected by a scientist who lived before Darwin. c. Peer review of Darwin s earliest studies is published in a new journal. d. Other studies on natural selection show new evidence about how it works. NS.12.B.4 Relate the development of the cell theory to current trends in cellular biology

12 43. The part of the cell theory that states that all cells come from preexisting cells was contributed by a. Virchow b. Schwann c. Schleiden d. Hooke NS.12.B.7 Research current events and topics in biology 44. (EOC) How would the development of hybrid cars minimize the effects of human population growth on the environment? a. by increasing noise pollution b. by increasing smog pollution c. by decreasing dependence on fossil fuels d. by decreasing the number of people on highways NS.13.B.1 Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables 45. (EOC) The data in the table below were collected for three plants that were fertilized at the beginning of an experiment. Height of Fertilized Plants (cm) Day Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant What was the total growth of Plant 2 over the 13-day experiment? a. 26 b. 27 c. 29 d. 41 NS.13.B.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware) 46. Using electrons, _?_ microscopes view the surface of organisms while _?_ microscopes observe the internal structure. A. SEM, TEM B. TEM, compound light microscope C. SEM, compound light microscope D. TEM, SEM

13 NS.13.B.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings 47. (EOC) The Internet offers many possibilities for science. What is the most effective way for scientists to use the Internet? a. allowing students to give them feedback on their research b. allowing the public to alter research c. staying current with new findings in the scientific community results to suit their needs d. using other scientists findings to fill in the weak points to their research NS.14.B.1 Compare and contrast biological concepts in pure science and applied science 48. What is an example of applied science? a. formulating the cell theory b. developing new medicines c. generating hypotheses on the origin of life d. discovering the law of independent assortment NS.14.B.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters 49. Scientists are expected to respect individuals and provide informed consent for subjects who participate in clinical trials. Which is the reason for informed consent? a. It ensures that funding from the government is maintained. b. It ensures that test subjects will be compensated for their time. c. It ensures that scientists are working within ethical parameters. d. It ensures that controlled experiments occur with human subjects. NS.14.B.4 Explain how the cyclical relationship between science and technology results in reciprocal advancements in science and technology 50. (EOC) What most likely resulted from advancements in DNA technology? a. genetic screening for disease b. discovery of different blood types c. relating structural similarities between organisms d. studying phenotypic traits between organisms