Chapter 5 Biological Concepts
|
|
|
- Cody Reed
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 5 Biological Concepts Karleskint Turner Small
2 Key Concepts All living organisms are composed of cells. Cells can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic Cells produce new cells by the process of cell division Evolution is the process by which the genetic composition of populations of organisms changes over time Natural selection favors the survival and reproduction of those organisms that possess variations that are best suited to their environment
3 Key Concepts A species is a group of physically similar, potentially interbreeding organisms that share a gene pool, are reproductively isolated from other such groups, and are able to produce viable offspring. The binomial system of nomenclature uses two words, the genus and the species epithet, to identify an organism.
4 Key Concepts Most biologists classify organisms into one of three domains, categories that reflect theories about evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic trees and cladograms indicate evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms
5 What makes you a Human? IQ#1: What are humans composed of???
6 CELLS: Fundamental Unit for Life and Death.
7 Cells All cells are capable of: metabolism Growth (mitosis)- cells grow and replicate ex. Skin cells regrow. Reproduction (meiosis)- egg and sperm cells combine to create a new cell an offspring
8 Types of Cells Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells
9 Prokaryotic Cell Architecture Prokaryotic Diversity Prokaryotic cells are diverse and classified in two domains: Archaea (Archaebacteria) and Bacteria (Eubacteria) Prokaryotes come in all shapes and sizes, and all are single cell organisms They can live in social groups, and form chains, clusters or films. Ex. Biofilm in your bath tub
10 Prokaryotes Prokaryotes: Contain a cell wall made of peptidoglycan Lack internal membranes membrane bound organelles Contain a primitive cytoskeleton Move simply through their flagellum
11 IQ#2 Antibiotic medicine kill bacterial cells Scenario: You have a flu which is caused by a virus, however you take an antibiotic to help cure yourself what do you think happens?
12 Common Misconceptions DO you know the difference between a virus and a bacterial cell? Virus are even smaller than bacteria! Viruses require a living host to multiply. Otherwise they cant survive. Therefore, you can conclude that virus are asleep until they meet a host. When a virus enters your body, it hijacks some of your cells and takes over the cell machinery, redirecting it to produce the virus.
13 Prokaryotic genetic Features DNA storage, structure and replication for division are distinguishing features for prokaryotic cells Prokaryotes: contain a circular nucleoid where DNA is packed No organelles Small amounts of DNA Some have plasmids that contain extra DNA Binary fission is the process through which cells divide A complete copy of DNA is passed on to a daughter cell Genetic information can be shared between organism's aka bacteria can have sex
14 IQ#3 Are Viruses prokaryotes or eukaryotes? Can you explain why?
15 3 points learned Reflection 3 points confused
16 Organelles Nucleus and ribosomes Nucleus: contains the cell s DNA and acts as the control center Ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum rough ER smooth ER
17 Organelles Golgi apparatus lysosomes Vacuoles chloroplasts mitochondria Flagella Cilia
18 Animal Cell Organelles
19 CYTOSKELETON Structurally supports, imparts shape to cell; moves cell and its components microtubules microfilaments intermediate filaments nuclear membrane nucleolus DNA in nucleoplasm NUCLEUS Keeps DNA and its transcription into RNA away from potentially damaging reactions in cytoplasm MITOCHONDRION Energy powerhouse; produces much ATP by aerobic respiration CENTRIOLES Special centers that produce and organize microtubules CELL MEMBRANE Selectively controls the kinds and amounts of substances moving into and out of cell; helps maintain cytoplasmic volume, composition ROUGH ER Modifies new polypeptide chains SMOOTH ER Diverse roles; e. g., makes lipids, degrades fats, inactivates toxins GOLGI BODY Modifies, sorts, ships proteins and lipids for export or for insertion into cell membranes LYSOSOME Digests, recycles materials Figure 5-7b p102
20 Plant Cell Organelles
21 CYTOSKELETON Structurally supports, imparts shape to cell; moves cell and its components CELL WALL Protects, structurally supports cell microtubules microfilaments intermediate filaments (not shown) MITOCHONDRION Energy powerhouse; produces much ATP by aerobic respiration CELL MEMBRANE Selectively controls the kinds and amounts of substances moving into and out of cell; helps maintain cytoplasmic volume, composition CHLOROPLAST Specializes in photosynthesis CENTRAL VACUOLE Increases cell surface area, stores metabolic wastes LYSOSOME-LIKE VESICLE Digests, recycles materials nuclear membrane nucleolus DNA in nucleoplasm NUCLEUS Keeps DNA and its transcription into RNA away from potentially damaging reactions in cytoplasm ROUGH ER Modifies new polypeptide chains SMOOTH ER Diverse roles; e. g., makes lipids, degrades fats, inactivates toxins GOLGI BODY Modifies, sorts, ships proteins and lipids for export or for insertion into cell membranes Figure 5-7a p102
22 Energy Transfer in Cells Photosynthesis low-energy molecules combine to form highenergy food molecules chloroplasts
23 Two outer membranes Thylakoids (inner membrane system folded into flattened disks) Figure 5-10a p105
24 Energy Transfer in Cells
25 Sun O 2 Glucose (energy-rich) Algae and phytoplankton (autotrophs) Animals (heterotrophs) Seagrass and seaweed (autotrophs) PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION CO 2 + H 2 O (energy-poor) Figure 5-9 p104
26 Energy Transfer in Cells Cellular respiration releases energy from food molecules most occurs within mitochondria food molecules are broken down to create ATP and release CO 2 as a waste product
27 Outer membrane Outer compartment Inner compartment Inner membrane Figure 5-10b p105
28 Cellular Reproduction Cell division in prokaryotes single chromosome binary fission
29 Chromosome Chromosome is duplicated Two new cells (a) Prokaryote Figure 5-11a p106
30 Cellular Reproduction Cell division in eukaryotes Mitosis Cytokinesis
31 Chromosomes separating Chromosomes (b) Eukaryote Two new nuclei Figure 5-11b p106
32 Levels of Organization cells are grouped into tissues different tissues combine into organs groups of organs make up organ systems
33 a cell Smallest unit that can live and reproduce on its own or as part of a multicelled organism. It has an outer membrane, DNA, and other components. Figure 5-12a p107
34 b tissue Structural unit of certain types and proportions of cells interacting in some task. Many cells ( white ) made this bone tissue from their own secretions. Figure 5-12b p107
35 c organ Structural unit of two or more tissues interacting in some task. A parrotfish eye is a sensory organ used in vision. Figure 5-12c p107
36 d organ system Organs interacting physically, chemically, or both in some task. Parrotfish skin is an integumentary system with tissue layers, organs such as glands, and other parts. Figure 5-12d p107
37 e multicelled organism Individual made of different types of cells. Cells of most organisms, including this Red Sea parrotfish, are organized as tissues, organs, and organ systems. Figure 5-12e p107
38 3D ANIMATION: Tour of an Animal Cell
39 3D ANIMATION: Photosynthesis Bio Experience 3D
40 3D ANIMATION: Mitosis
41 ANIMATION: Common eukaryotic organelles To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
42 ANIMATED FIGURE: Flagella structure To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
43 ANIMATED FIGURE: Structure of a mitochondrion To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
44 INTERACTION: Structure of a chloroplast To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
45 INTERACTION: Structure of a mitochondrion To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
46 ANIMATION: Sites of photosynthesis To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
47 ANIMATED FIGURE: Overview of aerobic respiration To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
48 ANIMATED FIGURE: Prokaryotic fission To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
49 ANIMATED FIGURE: Typical prokaryotic cell To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
50 ANIMATION: Generalized animal cell
51 ANIMATION: Generalized plant cell
52 Evolution and Natural Selection Evolution the process by which populations of organisms change over time Evolutionary biology investigates: how and when organisms evolved what role the environment plays in determining the characteristics of organisms that can live in a given area
53 Darwin and the Theory for Evolution Voyage of discovery Darwin traveled on the HMS Beagle for 5 years, beginning in 1831 Darwin was influenced by Charles Lyell and other geologists who concluded that: since geological change is slow and continuous, the earth is very old slow and subtle changes become substantial when they continue for centuries/millennia
54 Darwin and the Theory for Evolution Formulating a theory for evolution Darwin was inspired by Thomas Malthus Darwin developed his hypothesis evolution by natural selection Published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
55 Darwin and the Theory for Evolution Theory of evolution by natural selection artificial selection similar process was occurring in nature? natural selection favors survival and reproduction of those organisms best suited to their environment
56 Darwin and the Theory for Evolution Four basic premises of Darwin s theory 1. All organisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive to reproduce. 2. Variation in inherited traits 3. Resources are limited 4. Traits that make individuals better adapted to their environment are more successful, and pass on those traits to their offspring.
57 Genes and Natural Selection Modern evolutionary theory Darwin s 1858 idea refined by modern genetics genes produce traits can exist in alleles the offspring receives 1 allele for a trait from each parent, producing many possible combinations
58 a A pair of homologous chromosomes, each in the unduplicated state (most often, one from a male parent and its partner from a female parent) b c A pair of alleles (each being a certain molecular form of a gene) on a pair of homologous chromosomes Three genes; regions of DNA that code for specific proteins. Figure 5-15 p110
59 Genes and Natural Selection Role of reproduction in asexual reproduction, offspring are clones variation results from mutation only
60 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Figure 5-16a p111
61 Genes and Natural Selection Role of reproduction in sexual reproduction, chromosomes from 2 parents are combined
62 Fertilized egg Sperm Egg SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Figure 5-16b p111
63 Genes and Natural Selection Role of reproduction meiosis forms haploid cells called gametes
64 Genes and Natural Selection Population genetics Organisms adapt to survive ability to adapt is limited by the gene pool Only individuals that have combinations of genes and alleles that allow adaptations to their surroundings are likely to survive and reproduce Reproduction is success
65 Evolution of New Species Typological definition of species based on morphology
66 Evolution of New Species Modern species definition a species is one or more populations of potentially interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other such groups reproductive isolation: members of a different species are not in the same place at the same time or are physically incapable of breeding, so genes from different species are not mixed
67 Evolution of New Species Modern species definition isolating mechanisms that prevent fertilization habitat isolation anatomical isolation behavioral isolation temporal isolation biochemical isolation
68 Evolution of New Species Post fertilization isolating mechanisms incompatible genes or biochemical differences the hybrid offspring may survive but be infertile or weak
69 Evolution of New Species Allopatric speciation
70 Single population of spotted cowry (ancestral species) Figure 5-19a p114
71 Species B (measled cowry) Species A (Little deer cowry) Figure 5-19b p114
72 3D ANIMATION: Meiosis
73 ANIMATED FIGURE: Genetic terms To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
74 ANIMATED FIGURE: Reproductive isolating mechanisms To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
75 ANIMATION: Models of speciation To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
76 ANIMATED FIGURE: Allopatric speciation on an archipelago To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
77 Classification: Bringing Order to Diversity Linnaeus and the binomial system
78 Classification: Bringing Order to Diversity Taxonomic categories Early schemes of classification all living things were classified into 1 of 2 kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae, until 1960s
79 Classification: Bringing Order to Diversity Modern classification major categories: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species domains: Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya kingdoms: Eukarya contains 3 kingdoms, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia protists: eukaryotic organisms that do not fit the definition of animal, plant or fungus
80 Classification: Bringing Order to Diversity Modern classification
81 Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Protista Animalia Fungi Common ancestor of all eukaryotes Common ancestor of all living organisms Figure 5-22 p116
82 Classification: Bringing Order to Diversity Phylogeny: phylogenetic tree phenetics cladistics
83 Lungfishes Amphibians Turtles Lizards, snakes Tuataras Crocodiles Birds Mammals Coelacanths Bony fishes Cartilaginous fishes Lampreys Hagfish Figure 5-24a p119
84 Hagfish Shark Sea turtle Seal Hair, mammary glands 4 Limbs Jaws Common vertebrate ancestor Figure 5-24b p119
85 ANIMATED FIGURE: Classification systems To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
86 ANIMATED FIGURE: Interpreting a cladogram To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode PC Users: Please wait for content to load, then click to play Mac Users: CLICK HERE
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function Cell size comparison Animal cell Bacterial cell What jobs do cells have to do for an organism to live Gas exchange CO 2 & O 2 Eat (take in & digest food) Make energy ATP Build
Cell Is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life and are often called
The Cell Cell Is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of
Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function Sections 1-6
Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function Sections 1-6 4.1 Food For Thought E. coli O157:H7A, strain of bacteria that causes severe illness or death, occasionally contaminates foods such as ground beef and
Basic Structure of a Cell
Basic Structure of a Cell Prokaryotic Cells No nucleus Archaea & Eubacteria One circular chromosome Extremely small Eukaryotic Cells Has a nucleus!!! Membrane-bound organelles Plants, Animals, Fungi, &
Cell Types. Prokaryotes
Cell Types Prokaryotes before nucleus no membrane-bound nucleus only organelle present is the ribosome all other reactions occur in the cytoplasm not very efficient Ex.: bacteria 1 Cell Types Eukaryotes
= Monera. Taxonomy. Domains (3) BIO162 Page Baluch. Taxonomy: classifying and organizing life
Taxonomy BIO162 Page Baluch Taxonomy: classifying and organizing life species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Spaghetti Good For Over Came Phillip King Domains (3) DOMAINS 1. Bacteria 2. Archea
02/02/ Living things are organized. Analyze the functional inter-relationship of cell structures. Learning Outcome B1
Analyze the functional inter-relationship of cell structures Learning Outcome B1 Describe the following cell structures and their functions: Cell membrane Cell wall Chloroplast Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm Golgi
Unit 3: Cells. Objective: To be able to compare and contrast the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells.
Unit 3: Cells Objective: To be able to compare and contrast the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells (unicellular or multicellular).
THE CELL THEORY (R+R+R+E+G+N+T+S) 3).
CELL BIOLOGY All living things are made up of small individual units called cells. Cells are the smallest functioning living unit. Cells can not normally be seen with the naked eye. To usually observe
A. Correct! Taxonomy is the science of classification. B. Incorrect! Taxonomy is the science of classification.
DAT - Problem Drill 07: Diversity of Life Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as 1. What is taxonomy? Question #01 (A) Taxonomy
7 Characteristics of Life
7 Characteristics of Life 1. Interdependence 2. Metabolism 3. Homeostasis 4. Cellular Structure and Function 5. Reproduction 6. Heredity 7. Evolution The Cell Theory All living things are composed of one
Unicellular Marine Organisms. Chapter 4
Unicellular Marine Organisms Chapter 4 The Cellular Structure of Life: Review Cell wall: firm, fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists;
Topic 3: Cells Ch. 6. Microscopes pp Microscopes. Microscopes. Microscopes. Microscopes
Topic 3: Cells Ch. 6 -All life is composed of cells and all cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA. pp.105-107 - The development of the microscope was the key to understanding that all living
CELL PART Expanded Definition Cell Structure Illustration Function Summary Location ALL CELLS DNA Common in Animals Uncommon in Plants Lysosome
CELL PART Expanded Definition Cell Structure Illustration Function Summary Location is the material that contains the Carry genetic ALL CELLS information that determines material inherited characteristics.
Microorganisms Answer Key
Microorganisms Answer Key 1. What is NOT a part of the water cycle? a. condensation b. evaporation c. transpiration d. bacteria 2. Unicellular prokaryotes that may be spherical, rod or spiral shaped. a.
and their organelles
and their organelles Discovery Video: Cells REVIEW!!!! The Cell Theory 1. Every living organism is made of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. It is the smallest
prokaryotic eukaryotic
Cell Basics Two Basic Cell Types All cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic Prokaryotic Cells a.k.a. Bacteria Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria. They are the simplest cellular organisms. They
Biology: Life on Earth
Teresa Audesirk Gerald Audesirk Bruce E. Byers Biology: Life on Earth Eighth Edition Lecture for Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function Copyright 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 4 Outline 4.1 What
Chapter 4. Table of Contents. Section 1 The History of Cell Biology. Section 2 Introduction to Cells. Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Cell Structure and Function Table of Contents Section 1 The History of Cell Biology Section 2 Introduction to Cells Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells Section
Cell Theory. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things, but no one knew they existed before the 17 th century!
Cell Notes Cell Theory All living organisms are made of. cells The cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things, but no one knew they existed before the 17 th century! In 1665,
Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya
Taxonomy Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya, mostly heterotrophic, live in all sorts of environments Largest group of organisms on Earth Only a small amount cause disease Most have very important roles:, such
Biology. Mrs. Michaelsen. Types of cells. Cells & Cell Organelles. Cell size comparison. The Cell. Doing Life s Work. Hooke first viewed cork 1600 s
Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote - no organelles Cells & Cell Organelles Doing Life s Work Eukaryotes - organelles animal cells plant cells Cell size comparison Animal cell Bacterial cell most
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
1 of 49 Comparing the Cell to a Factory Eukaryotic Cell Structures Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic
Some history. Now, we know that Robert Hooke was not looking at living cells, but the remains of dead cell walls.
The Life of a Cell Some history In 1665, Robert Hooke examined the bark of an oak tree under an early microscope. He thought he was looking at something similar to the small rooms of dormitories and prisons;
Honors Biology-CW/HW Cell Biology 2018
Class: Date: Honors Biology-CW/HW Cell Biology 2018 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Hooke s discovery of cells was made observing a. living
Grade 7 Science Learning Standards
Grrade 7 Sciience Currrriicullum Overrviiew Middle School Science Hands-on, Minds-On, Science is the primary focus of the middle school science program, and includes content from Earth and Space Science,
Biology 1 Notebook. Review Answers Pages 17 -?
Biology 1 Notebook Review Answers Pages 17 -? The History of Cell Studies 1. Robert Hook (1665) used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork. The little boxes he observed reminded him of the small
Name: Class: Date: ID: A
Class: _ Date: _ Ch 17 Practice test 1. A segment of DNA that stores genetic information is called a(n) a. amino acid. b. gene. c. protein. d. intron. 2. In which of the following processes does change
O.k., Now Starts the Good Stuff (Part II) Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function
O.k., Now Starts the Good Stuff (Part II) Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function Eukaryotic Cells These cells have membrane-bound structures called organelles. Cell processes occur in these organelles.
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Prokaryotic cells: Pro- Before, Karyot- Center or Nucleus Very Basic Cells with no membrane bound organelles. DNA is not separate from the rest of the
Discovery of the Cell
Cell Structure Discovery of the Cell Who discovered cells? 1665 Robert Hooke used a compound microscope to examine a piece of cork (20X magnification) He saw little boxes in the cork and called them cells
Biology EOCT Review. Milton High School
Biology EOCT Review Milton High School Cell Organelles Nucleus holds DNA Cell membrane what comes in and goes out Mitochondria powerhouse of the cell Ribosomes protein synthesis Lysosomes digestion Cell
Eukaryotic Cell Structure. 7.2 Biology Mr. Hines
Eukaryotic Cell Structure 7.2 Biology Mr. Hines Comparing the cell to a factory In order for a cell to maintain its internal environment (homeostasis), many things must go on. This is similar to a factory.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ORGANIZATION OF LIFE CELL THEORY TIMELINE
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 1. composed of cells either uni/multi 2. reproduce sexual and/or asexual 3. contain DNA in cells 4. grow and develop 5. use material/energy in metabolic reactions 6. respond to
UNIT 3 CP BIOLOGY: Cell Structure
UNIT 3 CP BIOLOGY: Cell Structure Page CP: CHAPTER 3, Sections 1-3; HN: CHAPTER 7, Sections 1-2 Standard B-2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells and their
Cell Organelles Tutorial
1 Name: Cell Organelles Tutorial TEK 7.12D: Differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast,
Biology. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure 10/29/2013. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Biology Biology 1of 49 2of 49 Eukaryotic Cell Structures Eukaryotic Cell Structures Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists
Goals: Viruses: not considered alive. Living cells. Plants. Bacteria. Animals. Archae Bacteria. Protists. Fungi. The prokaryotic cell structure
Goals: Identify the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Identify the differences between viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes Use knowledge about differences between types of cells to solve a
Honors Biology summer assignment. Review the notes and study them. There will be a test on this information the 1 st week of class
Honors Biology summer assignment Review the notes and study them. There will be a test on this information the 1 st week of class Biomolecules Molecules that make up living things. There are 4 molecules
CELL TYPE. Unit #4: Cell Structure & Func2on. Classifica(on, Endosymbiosis, Cell Type, Cell Organelles
Unit #4: Cell Structure & Func2on Classifica(on, Endosymbiosis, Cell Type, Cell Organelles How are prokaryo(c cells and eukaryo(c cells similar? different? CELL TYPE Cell Theory Many scientists were involved
Biology Teach Yourself Series Topic 2: Cells
Biology Teach Yourself Series Topic 2: Cells A: Level 14, 474 Flinders Street Melbourne VIC 3000 T: 1300 134 518 W: tssm.com.au E: info@tssm.com.au TSSM 2013 Page 1 of 14 Contents Cells... 3 Prokaryotic
Biology Unit 1 Warm Ups. Mrs. Hilliard
Biology Unit 1 Warm Ups Mrs. Hilliard Communication in Science Choose one of the three topics to write a detailed procedure for. 1. How to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. 2. How to brush your
Biology. Chapter 12. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr. Cengage Learning 2015
Biology Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr Chapter 12 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction 12.1 Why Sex? In asexual reproduction, a single individual gives rise to offspring that are identical to
Overview of Cells. Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes The Cell Organelles The Endosymbiotic Theory
Overview of Cells Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes The Cell Organelles The Endosymbiotic Theory Prokaryotic Cells Archaea Bacteria Come in many different shapes and sizes.5 µm 2 µm, up to 60 µm long Have large
Introduction to Cells. Intro to Cells. Scientists who contributed to cell theory. Cell Theory. There are 2 types of cells: All Cells:
Intro to Cells Key Concept: Cells are the basic unit of life. Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: 1 Animal Cell
Biology Science Crosswalk
SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells. a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including
BASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
BASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES A1 A1. Basic Biological Principles 1. Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms 2. Compare cellular structures and their function
Function and Illustration. Nucleus. Nucleolus. Cell membrane. Cell wall. Capsule. Mitochondrion
Intro to Organelles Name: Block: Organelles are small structures inside cells. They are often covered in membranes. Each organelle has a job to do in the cell. Their name means little organ. Just like
Biology Pacing Guide
Unit Dates Glencoe Chapters 0 8/10 N/A Biology Intro 8/12 1 Cells 8/15 9/30 6.4 6.2 7.1 18.2 7.3 6.3 7.2 7.4 Topic GPS Classroom Procedures, Introduction to Biology SCSh 1-7 Macromolecules (6 days) Monomer/
Principles of Cellular Biology
Principles of Cellular Biology آشنایی با مبانی اولیه سلول Biologists are interested in objects ranging in size from small molecules to the tallest trees: Cell Basic building blocks of life Understanding
Human Biology. THEORY Conceptual Scheme
Human Biology Introduction: Definition of BIOLOGY Scientific method: 1. observation 2. hypothesis 3. experimentation 4. conclusion Terms: variables, controls, theory, law, data, repeatable Assumptions:
1A Review Questions. Matching 6. Class 7. Order 8. Binomial nomenclature 9. Phylum 10. Species
1A Review Questions 1. What is taxonomy? a. Set of paired statements that are used to identify organisms b. Relationships between organisms c. A science involving naming and categorizing species based
What in the Cell is Going On?
What in the Cell is Going On? Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect... (July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703) In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings
Cell Organelles. 2. Cells are the basic unit of organization in an organism Cells tissues organ organ system organism
Cell Organelles What are some of the differences you see between these two cells? A. Cell Theory 1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of organization in an organism
The Discovery of Cells
The Discovery of Cells Microscope observations! General Cell & Organelle Discovery 1600s Observations made by scientists using more powerful microscopes in the 1800s led to the formation of the cell theory.
Introduction to Cells
Life Science Introduction to Cells All life forms on our planet are made up of cells. In ALL organisms, cells have the same basic structure. The scientist Robert Hooke was the first to see cells under
Now starts the fun stuff Cell structure and function
Now starts the fun stuff Cell structure and function Cell Theory The three statements of the cell theory are: All organisms are composed of one or more cells and the processes of life occur in these cells.
Cell Structure. Chapter 4
Cell Structure Chapter 4 Cell Theory Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke. Early studies of cells were conducted by - Mathias Schleiden (1838) - Theodor Schwann (1839) Schleiden and Schwann proposed
Importance of Protists
Protists Protists The kingdom Protista is a very diverse kingdom. Eukaryotes that are not classified as fungi, plants, or animals are classified as protists. However, even though they are officially in
NAME: PERIOD: DATE: A View of the Cell. Use Chapter 8 of your book to complete the chart of eukaryotic cell components.
NAME: PERIOD: DATE: A View of the Cell Use Chapter 8 of your book to complete the chart of eukaryotic cell components. Cell Part Cell Wall Centriole Chloroplast Cilia Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic
Cell Structure: What cells are made of. Can you pick out the cells from this picture?
Cell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture? Review of the cell theory Microscope was developed 1610. Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw living things in pond water. 1677
Cells & Cell Organelles. Doing Life s Work
Cells & Cell Organelles Doing Life s Work Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote Eukaryotes animal cells plant cells Cell size comparison Animal cell Bacterial cell most bacteria 1-10 microns eukaryotic
Ask yourself. Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function. Examples of Cells. A is cell the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function Ask yourself If you were a scientist living in the 1500s, what kind of questions would you ask yourself if you were the one to discover cells? Let me think. Cell Video
Unit 7: Cells and Life
Unit 7: Cells and Life Name: Period: Test Date: 1 Table of Contents Title of Page Page Number Due Date VIRUS vs CELLS CHECKLIST 3 Warm-ups 4-5 Virus Notes 6-7 Viral Reproduction Notes 8 Viruses VS Cells
Cell Review: Day "Pseudopodia" literally means? a) False feet b) True motion c) False motion d) True feet
Cell Review: Day 1 1. "Pseudopodia" literally means? a) False feet b) True motion c) False motion d) True feet Cell Review: Day 1 2. What is the primary method of movement for Euglena? a) Flagella b) Cilia
Cell Organelles. Wednesday, October 22, 14
Cell Organelles Cell/Plasma Membrane ALL cells have a cell membrane It is the layer that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell) Cell/Plasma Membrane ALL cells
CELL THEORY & FUNCTION
UNIT 1- THE CELL CELL THEORY & FUNCTION A Word From Bill Record your observations about the picture to the right. What do you think you are you looking at? Describe the structure with as much detail
3 The Organization of Living Things
CHAPTER 1 SECTION Cells: The Basic Units of Life 3 The Organization of Living Things BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are the advantages of
Characteristics of Life
Characteristics of Life All living things share some basic characteristics: 1. Organization 2. Movement 3. Made up of cells 4. Reproduce 5. Grow and / or develop 6. Obtain and use energy 7. Respond to
Cell Structure Vocab. Plasma membrane. Vacuole. Cell wall. Nuclear envelope. Chloroplast. Nucleus. Cytoskeleton. Nucleolus. Cytoplasm.
The Cell Cell Structure Vocab Plasma membrane Nuclear envelope Nucleus Nucleolus Cytoplasm Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosome Vacuole Cell wall Chloroplast Cytoskeleton Centriole
Cell Structure. Chapter 4. Cell Theory. Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke.
Cell Structure Chapter 4 Cell Theory Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke. Early studies of cells were conducted by - Mathias Schleiden (1838) - Theodor Schwann (1839) Schleiden and Schwann proposed
The diagram below represents levels of organization within a cell of a multicellular organism.
STATION 1 1. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have the capacity to a. assemble into multicellular organisms b. establish symbiotic relationships with other organisms c. obtain energy from the
BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY 3º DE E.S.O. Chapter 1: The organisation of the human body
BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY 3º DE E.S.O. Chapter 1: The organisation of the human body 1. INTRODUCTION: LEVELS OF ORGANISATION What is a cell? Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
Biology Spring Final Exam Study Guide
Name: Hour: Basic Biology Skills Graphing Know the keys to creating a graph Know how to interpret a graph Independent variable Dependent variable Biology Spring Final Exam Study Guide Levels of Organization
Pre-lab Homework Lab 4: The Cell
Lab Section: Name: Pre-lab Homework After reading over the lab and the cell chapter in your textbook, answer these questions to be turned in at the beginning of the lab! 1. Define organelle : Two examples
Cells. The basic units of a living system or organism
Cells The basic units of a living system or organism Cell Theory developed by 3 German scientists: Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow These scientists discoveries led to the cell theory
Cell Organelles. a review of structure and function
Cell Organelles a review of structure and function TEKS and Student Expectations (SE s) B.4 Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized
Which row in the chart correctly identifies the functions of structures A, B, and C? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
1. What is a similarity between all bacteria and plants? A) They both have a nucleus B) They are both composed of cells C) They both have chloroplasts D) They both lack a cell wall 2. Which statement is
STUDY GUIDE SECTION 4-1 The History of Cell Biology
STUDY GUIDE SECTION 4-1 The History of Cell Biology Name Period Date Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. One early piece of evidence supporting the cell theory was the observation
2. Cellular and Molecular Biology
2. Cellular and Molecular Biology 2.1 Cell Structure 2.2 Transport Across Cell Membranes 2.3 Cellular Metabolism 2.4 DNA Replication 2.5 Cell Division 2.6 Biosynthesis 2.1 Cell Structure What is a cell?
Cell Theory. Cell Structure. Chapter 4. Cell is basic unit of life. Cells discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke
Cell Structure Chapter 4 Cell is basic unit of life Cell Theory Cells discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke Early cell studies conducted by - Mathias Schleiden (1838) - Theodor Schwann (1839) Schleiden &
Cell structure and function
Cell structure and function Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, write the word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. Prokaryotes were the first cells to evolve
Honors Biology Midterm Review
Honors Biology Midterm Review 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE Match each item in the boxes with a characteristic a. Reproduction (DNA) 1-passing DNA on to 1, 5 offspring b. Homeostasis 2-trait that helps 7,
Science. Is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world. Inference
BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE Science Is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world Observation The process of gathering information about events or process in a careful, orderly way. Data
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html 4A: Students will compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Robert Hooke (1665) Used a compound microscope to look at thin slices of cork (oak
Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences
Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences Chapter 3. Cell Structure and Taxonomy Chapter 3 Outline Introduction Eucaryotic Cell Structure Procaryotic Cell Structure Summary of Structural Differences
7.L.1.2 Plant and Animal Cells. Plant and Animal Cells
7.L.1.2 Plant and Animal Cells Plant and Animal Cells Clarifying Objective: 7.L.1.2 Compare the structures and functions of plant and animal cells; include major organelles (cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus,
Chapter 7 Learning Targets Cell Structure & Function
Name: Chapter 7 Learning Targets Cell Structure & Function a. Define the word cell: 1. I know the history of the cell: b. Who discovered the cell? What did he observe? 2. I can list the three parts of
Cell Review. 1. The diagram below represents levels of organization in living things.
Cell Review 1. The diagram below represents levels of organization in living things. Which term would best represent X? 1) human 2) tissue 3) stomach 4) chloroplast 2. Which statement is not a part of
9/19/2012. Chapter 17 Organizing Life s Diversity. Early Systems of Classification
Section 1: The History of Classification Section 2: Modern Classification Section 3: Domains and Kingdoms Click on a lesson name to select. Early Systems of Classification Biologists use a system of classification
Kingdoms in Eukarya: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia Each Eukarya kingdom has distinguishing characteristics:
NAME pg. 1 Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primate Hominidae Homo sapiens Mnemonic: DUMB KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SOUP Domain
122-Biology Guide-5thPass 12/06/14. Topic 1 An overview of the topic
Topic 1 http://bioichiban.blogspot.com Cellular Functions 1.1 The eukaryotic cell* An overview of the topic Key idea 1: Cell Organelles Key idea 2: Plasma Membrane Key idea 3: Transport Across Membrane
CELL THEORY & FUNCTION
CELL THEORY & FUNCTION DISCOVERY OF THE CELL Can t see cells, so who knew they existed? Discovered after the microscope was invented. Mid 1600s when scientists began using microscopes Robert Hooke
Introduction to Cells
Life Science Introduction to Cells All life forms on our planet are made up of cells. In ALL organisms, cells have the same basic structure. The scientist Robert Hooke was the first to see cells under
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell The cell is the basic unit of life Although cells differ substantially from one another, they all share certain characteristics that reflect a common ancestry and remind us
II. Eukaryotic Cell Structure A. Boundaries 1. plasma membrane a. serves as a boundary b/w the cell and its environment b. controls movement of
I. History of the cell theory A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1600s) - dutch lens maker could see things with his lenses that were invisible to the naked eye - developed the simple microscope B. Robert Hooke
What is a cell? Recall your work yesterday. When classifying cells, what are the two groups scientists separate cells into?
What is a cell? Recall your work yesterday. When classifying cells, what are the two groups scientists separate cells into? Light Microscopes and Total Power Magnification We can use microscopes to observe
4.1 Cells are the Fundamental Units of Life. Cell Structure. Cells. Fundamental units of life Cell theory. Except possibly viruses.
Cells 4.1 Cells are the Fundamental Units of Life Fundamental units of life Cell theory All living things are composed of one or more cells. The cell is the most basic unit of life. All cells come from
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
7-1 Life Is Cellular CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Discovery of the Cell 1665: Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork. Cork looked
Turns sunlight, water & carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into sugar & oxygen through photosynthesis
CELL PART/ ORGANELLE FUNCTION (what it does) PICTURE Plant, Animal, or Both Cell Membrane controls what goes in & out of the cell protects the cell Nucleus directs all the cell s activities contains cell