Review for Biology Benchmark #2

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Shawn Welch
5 years ago
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1. For each lab tool, give the function: balance - measures mass, graduated cylinder - measures volume, ruler - measures length, pipet - (some measure) add small amounts of liquid, scapel - cut

1 1. For each lab tool, give the function: balance - measures mass, graduated cylinder - measures volume, ruler - measures length, pipet - (some measure) add small amounts of liquid, scapel - cut specimens. 2. Write a hypothesis on why one twin is taller than the other twin if they are identical twins. Identical twins could be different heights if they had access to different foods. 3. In the water lab, what was the independent variable? Detergent Dependent? Drops of water 4. Put these measurements in order from largest to smallest: microgram, kilogram, milligram, gram. Kilo, gram, milligram, microgram 5. In an experiment designed to test the effect of ph on Daphnia (type of freshwater plankton), what would be the control set up? A set up with water at the same ph as the ponds, etc that they are found in in the wild 6. In the graph, what relationship is being shown by the two Paramecium species? (hint: it is NOT predation) Competition 7. Why do scientists study fossils? To see how organisms change over time 8. In an area that often floods, what adaptations or variations, would benefit ground squirrels? Waterproof fur, webbing between toes, etc - adaptations that allow for swimming 9. Describe geographical isolation and give an example. A new island forms far away from the mainland, birds are stranded there in a storm. They are geographically isolated 10.Explain Darwin s theory of natural selection. Any population has variation, More are born every generation than will survive to reproduce, Some variations are inherited, Some variations allow an organism to survive better so those variations will be passed on, over time species change 11.Compare and contrast relative dating of fossils and radioactive dating of fossils. Relative - gives general time frame of formation, radioactive is a specific date of formation

2 12.Draw out mitosis in order. Label the phases and give 1 thing that is happening in each phase. 13.How many cells are created by meiosis? 4 How are those cells different from the cell made by mitosis and cytokinesis? They are different (haploid) from the parent cell and each other. 14.How do meiosis and fertilization protect the chromosome number of a species? Meiosis halves the chromosome number so that when 2 sex cells undergo fertilization it is the whole number of chromosomes for a species. 15.Contrast a hypothesis and a theory. H = a testable statement that predicts an outcome, T - a statement that appears true based on a wide range of observations and data but cannot be proven 16. If B=blurry and b=clear, what would be the two homozygous genotypes and their corresponding phenotypes. BB = blurry, bb = clear 17.Give the phenotypic probabilities if two heterozygous blurry organisms are crossed. ¾ Blurry, ¼ clear 18.Name all the kingdoms with each of the following cell structures: cell wall - all except animals, chloroplasts - Plant and Protista, DNA - all, nucleus - Plant, Animal, Protista, Fungi, mitochondria -Plant, Animal, Protista and Fungi. 19.What are lichens and why are they considered pioneer species? First species to arrive in an area, lichens (fungi and algae) that break down rock into soil

Draw a food chain of at least 4 trophic levels. Label the autotroph, and the heterotrophs. All consumers are heterotrophs 23.

3 20.What is a phylogenetic tree and what does it show? A diagram that shows evolutionary relationships see the example 21.What is the role of soil bacteria in the ecosystem? Fixes nitrogen into usable form, decomposition 22. Draw a food chain of at least 4 trophic levels. Label the autotroph, and the heterotrophs. All consumers are heterotrophs 23.How can you prevent or treat bacterial infections? Prevent - wash hands, clean surfaces, Treat - antibiotics 24.Draw and label a logistic growth curve and an exponential growth curve. When do you expect to see each occur?

25. List aquatic producers. Algae, phytoplankton, seaweed, 26.What evidence is used by scientists to show common ancestry among vertebrates? Embryologic development, common structures, DNA 27.

4 25. List aquatic producers. Algae, phytoplankton, seaweed, 26.What evidence is used by scientists to show common ancestry among vertebrates? Embryologic development, common structures, DNA 27.What happens when DNA analysis links a species to different ancestral species than previously thought? The classification of that species may change 28.What conclusions can be drawn from the graph? Enzymes work at a specific ph 29.List the contributors to the cell theory in chronological order. Robert Hooke, Anton Leeuvonhooke, Schwann, Schleiden, Virchow 30.What type of bond holds water molecules and the nitrogen bases of DNA together? Hydrogen bonds 31.Write out the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Highlight (or underline) photosynthesis in green and respiration in red. 32.Give an example of homeostasis. Dogs pant to release heat. 33.Describe the environmental conditions that would cause a cell to swell and those that would cause a cell to shrink. Cells swell when there are more solutes inside the cell (or less water) causing the water to move inside. Cells shrink when there are more solutes (or less water) outside the cell causing the water to leave. 34.What are the parts of a virus? Protein coat (capsid) and nucleic acid 35.How do cells lower their surface area to volume ratio? Why is it necessary for them to lower this ratio? Cell divides to lower the surface area to volume ratio. This is necessary to prevent DNA overload and make the movement of nutrients and wastes more efficient.

36.What are the functions of the following organelles: ribosomes - make proteins, mitochondria - makes ATP (cellular energy) and chloroplast - photosynthesis (makes food)? 37.

5 36.What are the functions of the following organelles: ribosomes - make proteins, mitochondria - makes ATP (cellular energy) and chloroplast - photosynthesis (makes food)? 37.What are the properties of water? Hydrogen bonds, polarity (cohesion/adhesion), universal solvent, ph 7, solid is less dense than the liquid, high specific heat 38.Rain in Virginia ranges from 4.8 to 6.2. What is the most acidic rain that falls in VA? How does the cell membrane structure control what can enter and leave the cell? Proteins allow for active transport and facilitated diffusion, phosolipids allow for diffusion of small molecules 40.What did the invention of the microscope lead to? The cell theory and study of DNA 41.Know how to identify cell structures in a plant cell, an animal cell and a bacterial cell. 42.How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different? Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

6 43. Know how to read a dichotomous key.

Cells and Their Processes. 1. What element do organic compounds have that inorganic compounds do not?

Cells and Their Processes. 1. What element do organic compounds have that inorganic compounds do not? Name: Date: Cells and Their Processes 1. What element do organic compounds have that inorganic compounds do not? 2. List the four types of organic compounds, describe the function of each AND list a food