A bagworm is very lovely

Transcription

1 A bagworm is very lovely ミノムシ いとあはれなり Dr. Ryo ARAKAWAA Entomological Lab. Kochi Univ.

2 Bagworm (Minomushi) Eumeta variegata (=E. japonica)

3 Bagworm Larva of psychid moth (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) World: 1,700 spp. Japan: 21 spp.

4 Their outbreak has sometimes occurred before and they are known as the pest of orchard and garden trees.

5 Common bagworm in Japan Eumeta variegata (Oo-minoga) ca. 5cm Winter season Eumeta minuscula (Cha-minoga) ca. 3cm

6 Pupation Emergence Oviposition Foraging(Larva) Overwinter (diapause) in silken bag After diapause termination No foraging E. variegata Foraging E. minuscula generation generation Wi Sp Su Au Wi Sp Su Au Wi Life cycle of E. variegata

7 Male of E. variegata pupal sheath 3-4cm

8 Female after oviposition

9 1mm First instar larva of E. variegata just after hatching

10 Silken bag making by the 1st instar larva

11 Silken bag making completed

12 A species of parasitic fly has invaded from China. The bagworm has fear of extinction in west Japan. Jan. 12, 1999 Asahi Shimbun

13 Adult of Nealsomyia rufella (Diptera: Tachinidae)

14 Nealsomyia rufella Small egg productive type Oviposit on the leaf foraging by E. variegata larva

15 Eggs of N. rufella on the chestnut leaf

16 Eggs of N. rufella

17 Puparia of the parasitic fly and dead body of bagworm.

18 Gregarious parasitism (Sep. 23, 2007 Kochi Univ.)

19 How did N. rufella invade to Japan?

20 Classical Biological Control Invaded pests permanent control Introduced natural enemies from the original habitat of pests

21 Classical Biological Control Icerya pruchasi and Rodolia cardinalis イセリアカイガラムシとベダリアテントウ (The end of the 19th century)

22 Natural Enemies A variety of natural agents killing another organisms in nature. A predator, parasite, parasitoid or pathogen of another animal, especially an insect. Several species have been using as the biological control agents.

23 Parasitoids parasitic wasps parasitic flies Adults are free living. Females search hosts and oviposit on, in or near the host. Larva of parasitoid consumes one or less than one host for its lifetime.

24 山東省 Shandong province In Shandong, N. rufella was introduced from Southern China to control E. variegata in about 1990.

25 Study area in Kochi Pref.

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31 Younger larva parasitized by the fly.

32 No. of puparia in a bag Head width of bagworm

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34 Parasitic character of N. rufella host specific multivoltine (against univoltine host) gregarious parasitism

35 Overwinter Univoltine ( 年 1 化性 ) Pupa Adult Egg Larva (Foraging) Overwinter Multivoltine ( 多化性 )?? Apr. Jun. Aug. Oct. Dec. Feb. Life cycles of E. variegata and N. rufella

36 The density of the bagworm has extremely decreased because of parasitism by invaded fly. Mar. 22, 2000 Kochi Shimbun

37 Protection of the bagworm is expected. Dec. 14, 2001 Yomiuri Shimbun

38 Dear bagworm, are you extinction? Jan. 29, 2002 Weekly Playboy, Japan

39 50 0 % Parasitism Adult emergence Year Parasitism and alive of E. variegata

40 50 % Nankoku Nakamura Aki Sagawa Kubokawa Year Parasitism of different area

41 We found that several indigenous natural enemies attacked N. rufella in Kochi Pref.

42 Brachymeria lasus (Chalcididae) Eulophidae sp.1 Eulophidae sp.2 Eulophidae sp.3 Parasitic wasps emerged from the puparium of N. rufella.

43 Pteromalidae sp.1 Pteromalidae sp.2 Eupelmidae sp. Trigonalidae sp. Parasitic wasps emerged from the puparium of N. rufella.

44 Hyperparasitism( 高次寄生 ) In 2002 location 16/24 Silkenbag 101/854(11.8%) Puparium 183/7.297 (2.5%) Dominant species: Brachymeria lasus ( キアシブトコバチ )

45 Predation by Jumping Spider (Just after adult emeregence) Sep. 9, 2000, Kochi Univ.

46 Predation by Ants in Silken Bag Aug. 30, 2007, Kochi Univ.

47 Present condition of E. vareiagata and N. rufella in Kochi Pref. N. rufella is established. E. variegata still alive. (Not extincion) Indigenous natural enemies attack N. rufella. Ecological stability

48 Conclusion E. variegata and N. rufella will continue coexistence.

49 Wanted E. variegata No need E. minuscula