Students: Model the processes involved in cell replication, including but not limited to: Mitosis and meiosis
|
|
- Hugh Thomas
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 1. Cell Division Students: Model the processes involved in cell replication, including but not limited to: Mitosis and meiosis Mitosis Cell division is the process that cells undergo in order to form new cells. Mitosis occurs in somatic (or body) cells for the purpose of growth and repair. This process produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original parent cell. Mitosis involves division of the nucleus (nuclear division) and separation into daughter cells (cytokinesis). When an organism can reproduce via asexual reproduction, it undergoes a process similar to mitosis in order to create a genetically identical version of itself. Can you think of any examples of organisms that reproduce asexually? 1 Mitosis is part of the cell cycle. By Simon Caulton (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 ( via Wikimedia Commons Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 80 of 309 Our Students Come First!
3 Can you still remember the stages of mitosis? Watch this brief VIDEO (Length 1:10) as a refresher! Interphase is often included in discussions of mitosis, but interphase is technically not part of mitosis, but rather encompasses stages G1, S, and G2 of the cell cycle. The various stages of mitosis are summarised in the diagram below. By Schemazeichnung_Mitose.svg: *Diagrama_Mitosis.svg: Jpablo cad translation: Matt (talk) Diagrama_Mitosis.svg: juliana osorio derivative work: M3.dahl (Schemazeichnung_Mitose.svg Diagrama_Mitosis.svg) [CC BY-SA 3.0 ( via Wikimedia Commons Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 81 of 309 Our Students Come First!
4 Mitosis vs. Meiosis Before we focus on the process of meiosis and its role in inheritance, we will first revise the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Recall that mitosis is the process of nuclear division required for the formation of new body (or somatic) cells, whereas meiosis is the process of nuclear division required for the formation of new sex cells (or gametes). The following diagrams compare these processes side by side. Mitosis by Mysid - Vectorized in CorelDraw by Mysid from Public Domain, Meiosis by Rdbickel - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 82 of 309 Our Students Come First!
5 Use the information in the diagram to help you complete the following table summarising the differences. 2 Mitosis Meiosis Where it occurs What it produces Ploidy of parent cells Ploidy of daughter cells Rounds of nuclear division What it is used for You may want to refer to this ANIMATION that compares mitosis and meiosis side by side. Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 83 of 309 Our Students Come First!
6 Meiosis Basics We established that meiosis is the process of nuclear division required for the formation of new sex cells or gametes (eggs and sperm). Why is it important for gametes to be haploid cells? Hint: What would happen if normal diploid cells, with the full complement of chromosomes, were used in fertilisation? 3 Importantly, the process of meiosis results in genetically unique gametes. This occurs due to the processes of crossing over (recombination), random segregation and independent assortment (all of which will be explained by the end of this lesson!). Therefore, meiosis introduces variability into offspring populations i.e. offspring are not identical to their parents. \ The process of meiosis can be divided into two stages of nuclear division: 1. Meiosis I 2. Meiosis II Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 84 of 309 Our Students Come First!
7 Meiosis I Meiosis I is quite distinct from mitosis although it is broken into the same four stages (PMAT), many important differences exist. Pay close attention to these differences! Later you will see that meiosis II is actually quite similar to mitosis in its overall process. INTERPHASE Interphase refers to the 'growth phase' of a cell's lifecycle. As you can see in the following diagram, interphase takes up the majority of a cell's lifecycle. In preparation for meiosis I genetic material must be replicated so the daughter cells will have the right number of chromosomes. Is genetic material organised in the form of chromosomes during interphase and DNA replication? 4 Modified from work by Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY-SA 4.0, Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 85 of 309 Our Students Come First!
8 PROPHASE I During prophase I, genetic material condenses into chromosomes. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear, and spindle fibres form and spread across the cell, as shown below. Importantly, pairing homologous of chromosomes occurs this event is called synapsis. Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY- SA 4.0, During prophase I, crossing-over may occur. Homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes overlap and sections of genetic material may be swapped between these chromosomes, as shown below. This increases genetic variability because it increases the possible combination of alleles for different traits. That is, it mixes maternal and paternal alleles, resulting in new combinations of traits. By Boumphreyfr - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Watch this ANIMATION to consolidate your understanding of crossing over. Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 86 of 309 Our Students Come First!
9 METAPHASE I Tetrads (pairs of homologous chromosomes) now move to the metaphase plate, halfway between the two poles of the cell. Spindle fibres then attach to the centromeres of each chromosome. Metaphase I of Meiosis Metaphase of Mitosis By Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY-SA 4.0, How is metaphase I of meiosis different from metaphase of mitosis? 5 ANAPHASE I The cell begins to elongate and sister chromatids from pairs of homologous chromosomes separate together, moving to opposite poles of the cell. How does this differ to what occurs in anaphase of mitosis? 6 Anaphase I of Meiosis Anaphase of Mitosis By Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY-SA 4.0, Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 87 of 309 Our Students Come First!
10 TELOPHASE I The chromosomes have reached opposite poles at this stage. The chromosomes decondense and a nuclear envelope begins to reform around them. By Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY-SA 4.0, CYTOKINESIS I The cell physically divides into two new daughter cells. Organelles are distributed evenly to each new cell. By Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY-SA 4.0, What does the genetic material look like at this stage? 7 Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 88 of 309 Our Students Come First!
11 Meiosis II Remember that meiosis II will actually be very similar to mitosis no crossing over will occur, and the chromosomes will align and separate exactly as they would in mitosis. PROPHASE II Meiosis II begins WITHOUT any further replication of genetic material. Why not? Hint: What would happen to chromosome number of the final daughter cells if replication did occur? 8 The nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear, and spindle fibres form and spread across the two daughter cells formed during meiosis I, as shown below. By Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY-SA 4.0, curid= Crossing over does NOT occur at this stage (unlike in prophase I). METAPHASE II The chromosomes line up again on the metaphase plate. Notice that chromosomal alignment in metaphase I differs from what occurred in metaphase I. Describe these differences. 9 Importantly, this alignment results in separation of the sister chromatids of each chromosome pair (as in mitosis). By Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY-SA 4.0, curid= Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 89 of 309 Our Students Come First!
12 ANAPHASE II The sister chromatids of each chromosome pair separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. By Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY-SA 4.0, curid= TELOPHASE II The sister chromatids (now called individual chromosomes) have reached opposite poles at this stage. They decondense and a nuclear envelope begins to reform around them. By Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY-SA 4.0, curid= CYTOKINESIS II The cells then physically divide into FOUR new daughter cells. What is the ploidy (chromosome number) of these new daughter cells? Hint: Are they diploid or haploid cells? 10 Modified from Ali Zifan - Own work; Used information from Campbell Biology (10th Edition) by: Jane B. Reece & Steven A. Wasserman., CC BY-SA 4.0, curid= How do these new daughter cells compare to the original parent cell? Are they genetically identical or unique? 11 Watch this ANIMATION to review the stages of meiosis. Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 90 of 309 Our Students Come First!
13 Concept Check 1.1 [2012 HSC Q29(a)] Complete the following diagram to show the process by which gametes are formed Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 91 of 309 Our Students Come First!
14 Concept Check 1.2 [2005 HSC Q23] The flow diagram below is a representation of one pair of homologous chromosomes in a cell during meiosis. (a) Identify ONE characteristic of the cells labelled D (b) Identify what occurs in Process (c) Identify where crossing over will occur, and explain how crossing over affects the inheritance of genes Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 92 of 309 Our Students Come First!
15 Concept Check 1.3 (a) Which stage of meiosis I helps to increase the amount of genetic variation within a population, and how? 16 3 (b) Outline THREE distinct differences between meiosis I and mitosis Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 93 of 309 Our Students Come First!
16 2. The Structure of DNA Students: Model the processes involved in cell replication, including but not limited to: DNA replication using the Watson and Crick DNA model, including nucleotide composition, pairing and bonding. What is DNA? DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the molecule which carries all the genetic information coding for proteins that enable cells to undergo growth, repair and other specialised functions. It is a long double-stranded helix found within a specific organelle in eukaryotic cells. What is the name of this organelle? 18 There is also a small amount of DNA in the mitochondria and chloroplasts. Drawing by OpenStax College - Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. Jun 19, 2013., CC BY 3.0, Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 94 of 309 Our Students Come First!
17 Specifically, DNA is a biopolymer made up of repeating subunits called nucleotides. Each individual nucleotide contains three basic components: 3. A sugar (in the case of DNA, the sugar deoxyribose). 4. A phosphate group. 5. A nitrogenous base. Sugar and phosphate molecules covalently join together to form the twisted double helix backbone. The nitrogenous bases are joined together by hydrogen bonding, forming the rungs of the double helix ladder. There are four types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). Due to their chemical structure, adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine. HINT: Remember A-T and C-G "Apple Tart", "Chocolate Gateau"! Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 95 of 309 Our Students Come First!
18 The following diagram shows the molecular structure of a SINGLE nucleotide. Label the three components that make up this nucleotide. 19 The following diagram shows the molecular structure of a DNA molecule made up of repeating nucleotides joined together by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonding. See if you can identify phosphate groups, deoxyribose sugars and nitrogenous bases. You will often see each end of a DNA or RNA strand labelled as 5' and 3' meaning five prime and three prime. This refers to the numbered carbon atoms in the sugar part of the backbone and gives the strand a "direction". By Boumphreyfr - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 96 of 309 Our Students Come First!
19 DNA, Genes and Chromosomes Genes are sequences of DNA that contain specific information for making proteins. Each gene has a particular sequence of nitrogenous bases. Chromosomes are macrostructures containing highly packaged DNA. What do you think the term macrostructure means? 20 Chromosomes are composed of chromatin. Chromatin fibres contain DNA (40%) and proteins (60%) DNA is wound around histone proteins, forming a beaded necklace which is coiled over and over, so that a very long strand of DNA can be densely packed into a small space. These structures are shown in context in the following diagram. Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 97 of 309 Our Students Come First!
20 Genes are therefore found on chromosomes. These genes can be 'expressed' by the cell to form polypeptides and proteins for both structural and functional purposes. We will learn about this process in the next lesson. There are many genes on each chromosome and each gene is located at a different place (or locus ) along a chromosome. For example, the following diagram shows the various genes found on human chromosome number 20. By Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the Biological and Environmental Research Information System, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. - Human Chromosomes from "Human Genome Landmarks: Selected Genes, Traits, and Disorders" Poster, (Gene Gateway) from Human Genome Project ( ) Image Gallery Archive, Public Domain, Watch this VIDEO (Length 1:44) about chromosome and gene structure, and answer the following questions. What is the reason for the tight packaging of DNA? 21 Are chromosomes always visible? If not, when are they visible? 22 Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 98 of 309 Our Students Come First!
21 Concept Check 2.1 Provide the complementary DNA sequence if one strand is: 5 -AGGTCAGCCACA Concept Check 2.2 Draw a simple, labelled diagram showing the structure of DNA molecule. 2 Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 99 of 309 Our Students Come First!
22 Concept Check 2.3 (a) What is DNA? 24 1 (b) What is the shape of DNA called? 25 1 (c) What is the sugar-phosphate chain referred to as? 26 1 (d) What are the nitrogenous bases said to be like? 27 1 (e) What are the names of the four bases, and which bases pair together? 28 2 (f) What is a gene? 29 1 (g) What is a chromosome? 30 1 Copyright MATRIX EDUCATION 2019 Page 100 of 309 Our Students Come First!
CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION. Chapter 10
CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION Chapter 10 Cell division = The formation of 2 daughter cells from a single parent cell Increases ratio of surface area to volume for each cell Allows for more efficient exchange
More informationName: Date: Period: Cell Cycles and DNA Study Guide
Name: Date: Period: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the chemical inside the nucleus of cells that contains hereditary information. DNA is shaped like a double helix/twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder
More informationCELL CYCLE, MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS NOTES
CELL CYCLE, MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS NOTES DNA - Genetic information is stored in the DNA strand in the form of genes. DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid Genes located on the DNA strand 2 Types of DNA
More informationMeiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from
More informationInterphase & Cell Division
1 Interphase & Cell Division 2 G1 = cell grows and carries out its normal job. S phase = DNA is copied (replicated/duplicated) G2 = Cell prepares for division 3 During mitosis, the nuclear membrane breaks
More informationBIOLOGY CLASS 10 Chapter 2 Cell cycle, cell division and structure of chromosomes
BIOLOGY CLASS 10 Chapter 2 Cell cycle, cell division and structure of chromosomes 1) Cell division is an important process in all living things. State any four reasons to support your answer. New cells
More informationCell Reproduction Review
Name Date Period Cell Reproduction Review Explain what is occurring in each part of the cell cycle --- G 0, G1, S, G2, and M. 1 CELL DIVISION Label all parts of each cell in the cell cycle and explain
More informationMeiosis. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege
Meiosis Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Sexual reproduction requires fertilization, a union of two cells from two individual organisms. If those two cells each contain one set of chromosomes, then the resulting cell
More informationAgenda. 1. Lesson Learning Goals 2. Meiosis 3. Meiosis Bingo
Meiosis SBI 3U Agenda 1. Lesson Learning Goals 2. Meiosis 3. Meiosis Bingo Learning Goals By the end of today s lesson, you will be able: To use proper vocabulary related to this unit, including meiosis,
More informationThe Cell Cycle and Cell Division
The Cell Cycle and Cell Division «The cell cycle is a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division. The cell cycle has four main stages. «The main stages of the cell cycle are G1 (gap
More informationSexual Reproduction and Meiosis. Chapter 11
Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Chapter 11 1 Sexual life cycle Made up of meiosis and fertilization Diploid cells Somatic cells of adults have 2 sets of chromosomes Haploid cells Gametes (egg and sperm)
More informationGENERAL SAFETY: Follow your teacher s directions. Do not work in the laboratory without your teacher s supervision.
Name: Bio AP Lab: Cell Division B: Mitosis & Meiosis (Modified from AP Biology Investigative Labs) BACKGROUND: One of the characteristics of living things is the ability to replicate and pass on genetic
More informationMeiosis. The form of cell division by which gametes, with half the regular number of chromosomes, are produced.
MEIOSIS Meiosis The form of cell division by which gametes, with half the regular number of chromosomes, are produced. diploid (2n) haploid (n) (complete set of chromosomes) (half the regular number of
More information5. As compared to the human sperm cell, the human egg cell contains more... a) cytoplasm c) centrosomes b) mitochondria d) chromosomes
BIOLOGY - 3201. Quiz: Cell Reproduction. NAME : Multiple Choice. (1% each) 1. Which of the following is NOT true of mitotic cell division? a) It involves nuclear division. b) It involves division of the
More informationMGC New Life Christian Academy
A. Meiosis Main Idea: Meiosis produces haploid gametes. Key Concept: Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. Sexual
More informationBiology Unit 6 Chromosomes and Mitosis
Biology Unit 6 Chromosomes and Mitosis 6:1 Chromosomes DNA GENES CHROMATIN/CHROMOSOMES CHROMOSOMES/CHROMATIN are made of units called GENES. GENES are made of a compound called deoxyribonucleic acid or
More informationReproduction & Cell Types
Reproduction & Cell Types TYPES OF REPRODUCTION Asexual Relies on MITOSIS All of the parent s DNA goes to the offspring Sexual Relies on MEIOSIS Used to create sex cells TYPES OF CELLS Body Cells Includes
More informationCell Division (Meiosis)
Cell Division (Meiosis) Meiosis The form of cell division by which gametes, with half the number of chromosomes, are produced. Diploid (2n) haploid (n) Meiosis is sexual reproduction. Two divisions (meiosis
More informationbiology Slide 1 of 35 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
biology 1 of 35 Do Now: Turn in mitosis worksheet Write down your homework http://www.richannel.org/collection s/2013/chromosome#/chromosome -2 http://www.richannel.org/collection s/2013/chromosome#/chromosome
More informationYou have body cells and gametes Body cells are known as somatic cells. Germ cells develop into gametes or sex cells. Germ cells are located in the
MEIOSIS You have body cells and gametes Body cells are known as somatic cells. Germ cells develop into gametes or sex cells. Germ cells are located in the ovaries and testes. Gametes are sex cells: egg
More informationThe Process of Cell Division. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division
Lesson Overview 10.2 The Process of Cell Division Chromosomes genetic information passed from parent to offspring is carried by chromosomes. Chromosomes enable precise DNA separation during cell division.
More informationChapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Overview: Hereditary Similarity and Variation
Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Overview: Hereditary Similarity and Variation Living organisms Are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind Biology, 7 th Edition Neil Campbell
More informationMitosis and. Meiosis. Presented by Kesler Science
Mitosis and Meiosis Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: 1. What are mitosis and meiosis? 2. What occurs at different phases in cell division? 3. How are mitosis and meiosis similar and different?
More informationCell Growth and Division
Cell Growth and Division Why do cells divide* Life and reproduction require cell division You require constant cell reproduction to live Mitosis: development (a) mitotic cell division (b) mitotic cell
More information9-4 Meiosis Meiosis. Slide 1 of 35
9-4 Meiosis 11-4 Meiosis 1 of 35 11-4 Meiosis Each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from each of its parents. Gametes are formed by a process that separates the two sets of genes so that
More information11-4 Meiosis Meiosis. Slide 1 of 35. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
11-4 Meiosis 1 of 35 Each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from each of its parents. Gametes are formed by a process that separates the two sets of genes so that each gamete ends up with
More informationLesson Overview Meiosis
11.4 THINK ABOUT IT As geneticists in the early 1900s applied Mendel s laws, they wondered where genes might be located. They expected genes to be carried on structures inside the cell, but which structures?
More informationMeiosis produces haploid gametes.
Section 1: produces haploid gametes. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis? What are the stages of
More informationName: Date: Hour: Unit Four: Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis. Monomer Polymer Example Drawing Function in a cell DNA
Unit Four: Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis I. Concept Review A. Why is carbon often called the building block of life? B. List the four major macromolecules. C. Complete the chart below. Monomer Polymer
More informationCell Reproduction. Objectives
Cell Reproduction Lecture 10 Objectives At the end of this series of lectures you should be able to: Define terms. Describe the functions of cellular reproduction. Compare the parent offspring relationship
More informationMeiosis. Two distinct divisions, called meiosis I and meiosis II
Meiosis A process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes to form gametes, or sex cells Two distinct divisions, called meiosis I and
More informationAnswers to Review for Unit Test #3: Cellular Reproduction: Mitosis, Meiosis, Karyotypes and Non-disjunction Disorders
Answers to Review for Unit Test #3: Cellular Reproduction: Mitosis, Meiosis, Karyotypes and Non-disjunction Disorders 1. Clearly explain the difference between the following: a) chromosomes and chromatin
More informationMitosis and Meiosis Cell growth and division
LIMITS TO CELL GROWTH Mitosis and Meiosis Cell growth and division The larger the cell, the more trouble the cell has moving nutrients and waste across the cell membrane. LIMITS TO CELL GROWTH 1. DNA/information
More informationTopic 8 Mitosis & Meiosis Ch.12 & 13. The Eukaryotic Genome. The Eukaryotic Genome. The Eukaryotic Genome
Topic 8 Mitosis & Meiosis Ch.12 & 13 The Eukaryotic Genome pp. 244-245,268-269 Genome All of the genes in a cell. Eukaryotic cells contain their DNA in long linear pieces. In prokaryotic cells, there is
More informationHuman biology Laboratory. Cell division. Lecturer Maysam A Mezher
Human biology Laboratory Cell division Lecturer Maysam A Mezher CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE 1. During nuclear division, the DNA (as chromatin) in a Eukaryotic cell's nucleus is coiled into very tight compact
More informationMitosis & Meiosis. PPT Questions. 4. Why must each new cell get a complete copy of the original cell s DNA?
1. From where do new cells arise? Mitosis & Meiosis PPT Questions 2. Why does the body constantly make new cells? 3. Is cell division the same in all cells? Explain. 4. Why must each new cell get a complete
More informationMeiosis. Section 8-3
Meiosis Section 8-3 Meiosis process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes in new cells to half the number in the original cell For example, in humans, meiosis produces haploid reproductive
More information2:1 Chromosomes DNA Genes Chromatin Chromosomes CHROMATIN: nuclear material in non-dividing cell, composed of DNA/protein in thin uncoiled strands
Human Heredity Chapter 2 Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis 2:1 Chromosomes DNA Genes Chromatin Chromosomes CHROMATIN: nuclear material in non-dividing cell, composed of DNA/protein in thin uncoiled strands
More informationMeiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
More informationMeiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from
More informationCellular Reproduction. MXMS 7th Grade Science
Cellular Reproduction MXMS 7th Grade Science What is cell division? 2 primary methods allow for cells to divide and reproduce themselves: A. Mitosis: produces identical offspring B. Meiosis: produces genetically
More informationMeiosis * OpenStax. This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
OpenStax-CNX module: m45466 1 Meiosis * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section, you will be able to: Abstract
More informationMeiosis vs Mitosis. How many times did it go through prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase?
Meiosis vs Mitosis Mitosis produces identical copies of cells for growth or repair. Meiosis produces egg cells or sperm cells. Look at the diagram of meiosis: What happened during prophase I? How many
More informationHuman Biology Chapter 13.4: Meiosis and Genetic Variation
OpenStax-CNX module: m58013 1 Human Biology Chapter 13.4: Meiosis and Genetic Variation Willy Cushwa Based on Meiosis by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons
More informationMeiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More informationCellular Division. copyright cmassengale
Cellular Division 1 Cell Division All cells are derived from pre- existing cells New cells are produced for growth and to replace damaged or old cells Differs in prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (protists,
More informationMeiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from
More information11-4 Meiosis Chromosome Number Slide 1 of 35
Each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from each of its parents. Gametes are formed by a process that separates the two sets of genes so that each gamete ends up with just one set. Chromosome
More informationCELL REPRODUCTION NOTES
CELL REPRODUCTION NOTES CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION The adult human body produces roughly cells every day. WHY DO CELLS REPRODUCE? So that the organism can and As multicellular organisms grow larger, its
More informationAlmost all human cells contain 46 chromosomes, and are diploid (2n). Q: If a sperm cell has 46 chromosomes (2n) & an egg cell has 46 chromosomes
Almost all human cells contain 46 chromosomes, and are diploid (2n). Q: If a sperm cell has 46 chromosomes (2n) & an egg cell has 46 chromosomes (2n), when they combine during fertilization, how many chromosomes
More informationSexual Reproduction ( Cell Division ) - Chromosome # s
Sexual Reproduction ( Cell Division ) - Chromosome # s somatic cells: all the cells in the body except for specialized sex cells each somatic cell has a specific # of chromosomes - ( humans have 46, 23
More informationLearning Objectives Chapter 8
Learning Objectives Chapter 8 Brief overview of prokaryotic cell replication The three main phases of eukaryotic cell division: Interphase, M phase, C phase Interphase is broken down into three sub-phases
More informationMeiosis & Sexual Reproduction
Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction 2007-2008 Turn in warm ups to basket! Prepare for your test! Get out your mitosis/meiosis foldable After the test: New vocabulary! 2/23/17 Draw and label the parts of the
More informationLearning Objectives LO 3.7 The student can make predictions about natural phenomena occurring during the cell cycle. [See SP 6.4]
Big Ideas 3.A.2: In eukaryotes, heritable information is passed to the next generation via processes that include the cell cycle and mitosis or meiosis plus fertilization. CHAPTER 13 MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL
More informationCell Growth, Division and Reproduction
Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction B1 B1. Basic Biological Principles 1. Describe the events that occur during 3 stages of the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division, cytokinesis. 2. Compare and
More informationMitosis & Meiosis Practice Test
Name: DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST Class: ALL ID: A Mitosis & Meiosis Practice Test Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
More information11-4 Meiosis. Chromosome Number
11-4 Meiosis Chromosome Number Sexual reproduction shuffles and recombines genes from two parents. During gametogenesis, genes are segregated and assorted (shuffled) into gemetes, and at fertilization,
More informationCell division / Asexual reproduction
Cell division / Asexual reproduction Mitosis produces cells with same information identical daughter cells exact copies clones same amount of DNA same number of chromosomes same genetic information Asexual
More informationOutline for today s lecture (Ch. 13)
Outline for today s lecture (Ch. 13) Sexual and asexual life cycles Meiosis Origins of Genetic Variation Independent assortment Crossing over ( recombination ) Heredity Transmission of traits between generations
More informationHonors Biology Test Chapter 8 Mitosis and Meiosis
Honors Biology Test Chapter 8 Mitosis and Meiosis 1. In mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes? a. 64 b. 32 c. 16 d. 8 e. 4 2. Chromatids that are
More informationFertilization of sperm and egg produces offspring
In sexual reproduction Fertilization of sperm and egg produces offspring In asexual reproduction Offspring are produced by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg CONNECTIONS BETWEEN
More informationReview of Terms. Haploid cells (1n) with one copy of each chromosome. Diploid cells (2n) with two copies of each chromosome
Review of Terms Haploid cells (1n) with one copy of each chromosome Diploid cells (2n) with two copies of each chromosome Somatic non-germline cells Gametes sex cells (eggs and sperm) Reductional division
More informationNotes Chapter 4 Cell Reproduction. That cell divided and becomes two, two become four, four become eight, and so on.
4.1 Cell Division and Mitosis Many organisms start as one cell. Notes Chapter 4 Cell Reproduction That cell divided and becomes two, two become four, four become eight, and so on. Many-celled organisms,
More informationTypical Life Cycle of Algae and Fungi. 5 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Module 3B Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles In this module, we will examine a second type of cell division used by eukaryotic cells called meiosis. In addition, we will see how the 2 types of eukaryotic cell
More informationBiology I Fall Semester Exam Review 2014
Biology I Fall Semester Exam Review 2014 Biomolecules and Enzymes (Chapter 2) 8 questions Macromolecules, Biomolecules, Organic Compunds Elements *From the Periodic Table of Elements Subunits Monomers,
More informationCELL REPRODUCTION. Mitotic M phase Mitosis. Chromosomes divide. Cytokinesis. Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide. Chromosomes as Packaged Genes
CELL REPRODUCTION Kimberly Lozano Biology 490 Spring 2010 CELL CYCLE Interphase G1: Growth (1) New organelles form within the cell. S: Synthesis Cell duplicates its DNA. G2: Growth (2) Cell prepares for
More informationNotes Chapter 4 Cell Reproduction. That cell divided and becomes two, two become, four become eight, and so on.
Notes Chapter 4 Cell Reproduction 4.1 Cell Division and Mitosis Many organisms start as. That cell divided and becomes two, two become, four become eight, and so on. Many-celled organisms, including you,
More informationWhat is Mitosis? What is the purpose of Mitosis? Growth Repair Asexual reproduction What is the ultimate result of Mitosis?
Sexual Reproduction What is Mitosis? What is the purpose of Mitosis? Growth Repair Asexual reproduction What is the ultimate result of Mitosis? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fyfdfdrymq Somatic cells
More informationMeiosis and Sexual Reproduction. Chapter 10. Halving the Chromosome Number. Homologous Pairs
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Chapter 10 Outline Reduction in Chromosome Number Homologous Pairs Meiosis Overview Genetic Recombination Crossing-Over Independent Assortment Fertilization Meiosis I Meiosis
More information4/6/2014. Chromosome Number
Meiosis 1of 35 Each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from each of its parents. Gametes are formed by a process that separates the two sets of genes so that each gamete ends up with just
More informationNumber of questions TEK (Learning Target) Biomolecules & Enzymes
Unit Biomolecules & Enzymes Number of questions TEK (Learning Target) on Exam 8 questions 9A I can compare and contrast the structure and function of biomolecules. 9C I know the role of enzymes and how
More informationMEIOSIS LAB INTRODUCTION PART I: MEIOSIS
MEIOSIS LAB INTRODUCTION Meiosis involves two successive nuclear divisions that produce four haploid cells. Meiosis I is the reduction division. It is this first division that reduces the chromosome number
More informationMeiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Variations on a Theme Living
More informationbiology Slide 1 of 35 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
biology 1 of 35 Why do you look a little like your mom and your dad? Why do you look a little like your grandma but your brother or sister looks a little like your grandpa? How is the way you look and
More informationSexual life cycle. Sexual life cycle. Fertilization. Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis. Made up of meiosis and fertilization Diploid cells (2n)
Sexual life cycle Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Made up of meiosis and fertilization Diploid cells (2n) Chapter 11 Somatic cells of adults have 2 sets of Haploid cells (n) Gametes have only 1 set of
More informationSexual Reproduction. The two parent cells needed for sexual reproduction are called gametes. They are formed during a process known as meiosis.
Sexual Reproduction Recall that asexual reproduction involves only one parent cell. This parent cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction,
More informationBiology. Chapter 10 Cell Reproduction. I. Chromosomes
Biology Chapter 10 Cell Reproduction I. Chromosomes Long thin molecules that store genetic information. A. Chromosome Structure 1. Rod shaped structure composed of DNA and protein. 2. DNA is wrapped around
More informationSexual Reproduction and Genetics
10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics section 1 Meiosis Before You Read Think about the traits that make people unique. Some people are tall, while others are short. People can have brown, blue, or green
More informationCH 13 Meiosis & Sexual Life Cycles
CH 13 Meiosis & Sexual Life Cycles AP Biology 2005-2006 Cell division / Asexual reproduction Mitosis produce cells with same information identical daughter cells exact copies clones same amount of DNA
More informationCell Growth, Division, and Reproduction
Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction Human Development: Mitosis and Meiosis Division of the Cell Before a cell grows too large, it divides into two new daughter cells in a process called cell division.
More informationChapter 2: Chromosomes and cellular reproduction
Chapter 2: Chromosomes and cellular reproduction I. Contrast between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. See Figure 2.1 Nucleus absent Small diameter 1 to 10 µm Genome usually 1 circular molecule Small genome;
More information11.4 Meiosis. Vocabulary: Homologous Diploid Haploid Meiosis Crossing-over Tetrad
11.4 Meiosis Vocabulary: Homologous Diploid Haploid Meiosis Crossing-over Tetrad Key Concept: What happens during the process of meiosis? How is MEIOSIS different than mitosis? Blast from the past What
More informationSEXUAL REPRODUCTION & MEIOSIS
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION & MEIOSIS Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. Offspring resemble their parents more than they do less closely related individuals of the
More informationLECTURE 10A: MEIO S S
LECTURE 10A: MEIOSIS Meiosis Definition INTRODUCTION 1. Meiosis is the production of gametes, which is a reduction division which means a diploid gamete produces haploid gametes - from a full complement
More informationChapter 13: Meiosis & Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 13: Meiosis & Sexual Life Cycles What you must know The difference between asexual and sexual reproduction. The role of meiosis and fertilization in sexually reproducing organisms. The importance
More informationMeiosis. The sexy shuffling machine. LO: Describe the events of meiosis Explain how meiosis creates uniqueness Compare & contrast mitosis & meiosis
Meiosis The sexy shuffling machine LO: Describe the events of meiosis Explain how meiosis creates uniqueness Compare & contrast mitosis & meiosis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvmb4js99ta Meiosis Intro
More informationChapter 8 Lectures by Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida
Chapter 8 The Continuity of Life: How Cells Reproduce Lectures by Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 8.1 Why Do Cells Divide? Cells reproduce by cell division.
More informationBiology Kevin Dees. Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Reproduction Characteristic of all living things Reproduction also involves the transmission of traits from one generation to the next; inheritance Heredity Latin
More informationChapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles. Reproduction
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Reproduction Characteristic of all living things Reproduction also involves the transmission of traits from one generation to the next; inheritance Heredity Latin
More informationMeiosis. Two distinct divisions, called meiosis I and meiosis II
Meiosis A process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes to form gametes, or sex cells Two distinct divisions, called meiosis I and
More informationThe Cell Cycle & Cell Division
The Cell Cycle & Cell Division http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2001/press.html The Cell Cycle Animated Cycle http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm MITOSIS Mitosis The process of cell division
More informationName Class Date. Term Definition How I m Going to Remember the Meaning
11.4 Meiosis Lesson Objectives Contrast the number of chromosomes in body cells and in gametes. Summarize the events of meiosis. Contrast meiosis and mitosis. Describe how alleles from different genes
More informationCHAPTER 6. Chromosomes and Meiosis
CHAPTER 6 Chromosomes and Meiosis CHROMOSOMES DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a long, thin molecule that directs cellular functions and heredity. DNA contains information that is encoded in segments called
More informationCell Cycle (mitosis and meiosis) Test Review
Cell Cycle (mitosis and meiosis) Test Review Name: Chapter 10 1. What problems are caused when a cell becomes too large? When a cell becomes too large the cell is strained and has a hard time moving enough
More informationLesson Overview Meiosis
11.4 Chromosomes strands of DNA and protein contain the genes. genes are located in specific positions on chromosomes. Humans receive a set (23) of chromosomes from each parent. 23 chromosomes from mom
More informationBiology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Biology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Chapter Questions 1) What is a genome? A) the complete complement of an organism's genes B) a specific sequence of polypeptides within
More informationA Few Terms: When and where do you want your cells to divide?
Today: - Lab 4 Debrief - Mitosis - Lunch -Meiosis Other: Blood Drive Today! TIME: 11:00am 1:00pm + 2:00pm 5:00pm PLACE: Baxter Events Center Thinking About Mitosis When and where do you want your cells
More informationPurposes of Cell Division
Purposes of Cell Division Increase the number of cells for growth and repair of worn out tissues What examples in the human body can you think of? Transmit genetic information to later generations Why
More informationMEIOSIS. Making gametes
MEIOSIS http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer2a.htm Making gametes Remember from Chapter 1: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS ALL LIVING THINGS REPRODUCE Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm
More informationBio 10: 10.1 Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction
Bio 10: 10.1 Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction Lesson Objectives Explain the problems that growth causes for cells. Compare asexual and sexual reproduction. Lesson Summary Limits to Cell Size There
More information