The School District of Palm Beach County Biology 1 Regular Scope & Sequence st NINE WEEKS

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1 The School District of Palm Beach County Biology 1 Regular Scope & Sequence Benchmarks Next Generation SSS Benchmarks 1st NINE WEEKS Teacher Prep including Lab Safety - 08/19 [1 Day] Pre-Unit: Introduction - Chapter 1 08/20-08/21 [2 Days] SC.912.N.1.1 AA (H) Define a problem based on a specific body of knowledge, for example: biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space science, and do the following: 1. pose questions about the natural world, 2. conduct systematic observations, 3. examine books and other sources of information to see what is already known, 4. review what is known in light of empirical evidence, 5. plan investigations, 6. use tools to gather, analyze, and interpret data (this includes the use of measurement in metric and other systems, and also the generation and interpretation of graphical representations of data, including data tables and graphs), 7. pose answers, explanations, or descriptions of events, 8. generate explanations that explicate or describe natural phenomena (inferences), 9. use appropriate evidence and reasoning to justify these explanations to others, 10. communicate results of scientific investigations, and 11. evaluate the merits of the explanations produced by others. 1 - The Practice of Science Biology in the 21st Century: inference investigation law microscope observation scientist theory [Note: All Nature of Science, Common Core Math and Literacy in Science benchmarks to be infused all year long, as appropriate!] Chapter 1 [Note: Chs. 1.1, 1.2, and 1.5 loosely cover many benchmarks as they serve as an introduction to Biological concepts addressed completely later on] 1a) I can describe and give examples of Earth s biodiversity. 1b) I can summarize the characteristics that all living things share. 2a) I can summarize four major unifying themes of biology. 2b) I can give an example of each of the themes of biology. 3a) I can identify the different elements of scientific inquiry. 3b) I can differentiate between theories and hypotheses. 4a) I can describe the usefulness of modern imaging technologies. 4b) I can explain the usefulness of computer models in studying biological systems and describe how modern computer-based technologies have advanced the study of genetics. 5a) I can evaluate the importance of biology in making informed decisions and summarize the benefits and risks of the application of biotechnology. 5b) I can explain how advances in technology might affect the future of biology. Lesson 001 Lesson 002 Lesson 003 Lesson 004 Lesson 005

2 SC.912.N.1.3 as AA (L) Recognize that the strength or usefulness of a scientific claim is evaluated through scientific argumentation, which depends on critical and logical thinking, and the active consideration of alternative scientific explanations to explain the data presented. SC.912.N.1.4 as AA (H) Identify sources of information and assess their reliability according to the strict standards of scientific investigation. SC.912.N.1.6 as AA (M) Describe how scientific inferences are drawn from scientific observations and provide examples from the content being studied. SC.912.N.2.1 as AA (H) Identify what is science, what clearly is not science, and what superficially resembles science (but fails to meet the criteria for science). 2 - The Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge SC.912.N.2.2 na (H) Identify which questions can be answered through science and which questions are outside the boundaries of scientific investigation, such as questions addressed by other ways of knowing, such as art, philosophy, and religion.

3 SC.912.N.3.1 as AA (H) Explain that a 3 - The Role of scientific theory is the culmination of many Theories, Laws, scientific investigations drawing together all the current evidence concerning a Hypotheses, and substantial range of phenomena; thus, a Models scientific theory represents the most powerful explanation scientists have to offer. SC.912.N.3.4 as AA (M) Recognize that theories do not become laws, nor do laws become theories; theories are well supported explanations and laws are well supported descriptions. SC.912.L.14.4 as AA (M) Compare and contrast structure and function of various types of microscopes. MACC.912.F-IF.3.7 na Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases Organization and Development of Living Organisms Math - Interpreting Functions MACC.912.N-Q.1.1 na Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Math - Quantities MACC.912.N-Q.1.3 na Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities.

4 LACC.910.RST.1.1 na Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions. LACC.1112.RST.1.1 na Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. Reading in Science #1 - Key Ideas and Details LACC.910.RST.1.3 na Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text. LACC.1112.RST.1.3 na Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. LACC.910.RST.2.4 na Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 9 10 texts and topics. LACC.1112.RST.2.4 na Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades texts and topics. LACC.910.RST.2.5 na Analyze the structure of the relationships among concepts in a text, including relationships among key terms (e.g., force, friction, reaction force, energy). Reading in Science #2 - Craft and Structure

5 LACC.910.RST.3.7 na Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words. LACC.1112.RST.3.7 na Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. Reading in Science #3 - Integration of Knowledge and Ideas LACC.910.RST.4.10 na By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9-10 text complexity band independently and proficiently. LACC.1112.RST.4.10 na By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11-CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. Reading in Science #4 - Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity LACC.910&1112.WHST.1.2 na Write Writing in Science #1 - informative/explanatory texts, including the Text Type and narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, Purposes or technical processes. LACC.910&1112.WHST.3.9 na Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. Writing in Science #3 - Research to Build and Present Knowledge

6 Unit 1: Chemistry of Life - Chapter 2 08/22-09/04 [9 Days (including 1 Day for LTM)] SC.912.L.18.1 AA (M) Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules. SC.912.L as AA (M) Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify factors, such as ph and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity. SC.912.L AA (M) Discuss the special properties of water that contribute to Earth's suitability as an environment for life: cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent. SC.912.P.8.7 na (M) Interpret formula representations of molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure Matter and Energy Transformations 8 - Matter Chemistry of Life: activation energy catalyst energy environment enzyme freeze ph Chapter 2 [Note: Ch. 2.1 (Atoms, Ions, and Molecules) covers SC.912.P.8.7 which is not in the course description but needed to be understood in order to comprehend other benchmarks in the course description.] 6a) I can explain why living things Lesson 006 consist of atoms of different Lesson 007 elements. 6b) I can explain how ions form and Lesson 008 how atoms share electrons in Lesson 009 covalent bonds. Lesson 010 7a) I can explain why life depends on the hydrogen bonds in water. 7b) I can explain how many compounds dissolve in water, and compare acids and bases. 8a) I can summarize the bonding properties of carbon. 8b) I can describe the four main types of carbon-based molecules found in living things. 9a) I can describe how bonds break and form during chemical reactions. 9b) I can explain why chemical reactions release or absorb energy. 10a) I can summarize how a catalyst lowers activation energy. 10b) I can describe how enzymes allow chemical reactions to occur under tightly controlled conditions. [supporting benchmark - not in

7 Unit 2: Cell Structure, Function, and Energy - Chapters 3 & 4 09/06-10/01 [18 Days (including 2 Days for Diagnostics and 1 Day for LTM)] SC.912.L.14.1 AA (M) Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory) and relate the history of its discovery to the process of science. SC.912.L.14.2 as AA (M) Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport). SC.912.L.14.3 AA (M) Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Organization and Development of Living Organisms Cell Structure and Function: cell Chapter 3 11a) I can describe developments Lesson 011 that led to the cell theory. Lesson b) I can differentiate between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Lesson a) I can describe the internal Lesson 014 structure of eukaryotic cells. Lesson b) I can summarize the functions of organelles in plant and animal cells. 13a) I can describe the structure of the cell membrane. 13b) I can summarize how chemical signals are transmitted across the cell membrane. 14a) I can describe passive transport. 14b) I can distinguish between osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated transport. 15a) I can describe active transport. 15b) I can distinguish among endocytosis, phagocytosis, and exocytosis.

8 SC.912.L.18.7 as AA (M) Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of photosynthesis. SC.912.L.18.8 as AA (M) Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. SC.912.L.18.9 AA (M) Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. SC.912.L as AA (H) Connect the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to energy transfers within a cell Matter and Energy Transformations Cells & Energy: ATP aerobic anaerobic photosynthesis Chapter 4 [Note: Ch. 4.3 (Photosynthesis in Detail) covers SC.912.L.18.7 and SC.912.L in great detail.] [Note: Ch. 4.5 (Cellular Respiration in Detail) covers SC.912.L.18.8 and SC.912.L in great detail.] 16a) I can explain how organisms get energy to make ATP, and how ATP carries chemical energy used for most cell processes. 16b) I can describe how organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP. 17a) I can explain why photosynthetic organisms are producers. 17b) I can describe how photosynthesis in plants occurs in chloroplasts. 18a) I can explain how the first stage of photosynthesis captures and transfers energy. 18b) I can explain how the second stage of photosynthesis uses energy from the first stage to make sugars. 19a) I can describe how cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. 19b) I can explain why cellular respiration is like a mirror image of photosynthesis. 20a) I can explain why glycolysis is needed for cellular respiration. 20b) I can describe how the Krebs cycle is the first part of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain is the second part of cellular respiration. 21a) I can describe how fermentation allows glycolysis to continue. 21b) I can explain why fermentation and its products are important. Lesson 016 Lesson 017 Lesson 018 Lesson 019 Lesson 020 Lesson 021 Pre-Unit - Unit 2 (Chapters 1-4) Comprehension Check #1

9 Unit 3: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Mendel - Chapters /02-10/25 [17 Days (including 1 Day for LTM)] SC.912.L.16.8 as AA (M) Explain the relationship between mutation, cell cycle, and uncontrolled cell growth potentially resulting in cancer. SC.912.L as AA (M) Describe the cell cycle, including the process of mitosis. Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction Heredity and Reproduction Cell Growth and Division: asexual reproduction chromosome mitosis Chapter 5 [Note: Ch. 5.5 (Multicellular Life) loosely covers benchmark SC.912.L when addressing cell differentiation and stem cells] 22a) I can describe the stages of Lesson 022 the cell cycle. Lesson b) I can compare rates of division in different cell types and identify Lesson 024 the factors that limit cell size. Lesson a) I can describe the structure a Lesson 026 chromosome. 23b) I can follow chromosomes through the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis. 24a) I can describe internal and external factors that regulate cell division. 24b) I can explain cancer in terms of the cell cycle. 25a) I can compare and contrast binary fission and mitosis. 25b) I can describe how some eukaryotes reproduce through mitosis. 26a) I can describe the specialization in multicellular organisms. 26b) I can classify different types of stem cells.

10 SC.912.L.16.1 AA (H) Use Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance. SC.912.L as AA (M) Describe the process of meiosis, including independent assortment and crossing over. Explain how reduction division results in the formation of haploid gametes or spores. SC.912.L AA (H) Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences for genetic variation Heredity and Reproduction Meiosis & Mendel: gamete genetic haploid meiosis Chapter 6 27a) I can summarize that the body Lesson 027 has body cells and gametes; Lesson 028 autosomes and chromosomes. 27b) I can explain how body cells Lesson 029 are diploid and gametes are Lesson 030 haploid. Lesson a) I can explain how cells go Lesson 032 through two rounds of division in meiosis. 28b) I can describe how haploid cells develop into mature gametes. 29a) I can describe how Mendel laid the groundwork for genetics. 29b) I can describe how Mendel s data revealed patterns of inheritance. 30a) I can explain how the same gene can have many versions. 30b) I can describe how genes influence the development of traits. 31a) I can explain how Punnett squares illustrate genetic crosses. 31b) I can summarize monohybrid and dihybrid crosses and explain how probability can be used to calculate heredity patterns. 32a) I can explain why sexual reproduction creates unique gene combinations. 32b) I can describe how crossing over during meiosis increases genetic diversity.

11 SC.912.L.16.2 as AA (H) Discuss observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, including dominant, recessive, codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles. SC.912.L as AA (M) Describe the process of meiosis, including independent assortment and crossing over. Explain how reduction division results in the formation of haploid gametes or spores. [revisited] HE.912.C.1.4 as AA Analyze how heredity and family history can impact personal health Heredity and Reproduction Health 2nd NINE WEEKS Extending Mendelian Genetics: codominant dominance polygenic recessive [Note: SC.912.L.16.2 was introduced (dominant & recessive) in chapter 6.] Chapter 7 [Note: Ch. 7.3 (Gene Linkage and Mapping) revisits the part of SC.912.L addressing crossing over in great detail.] 33a) I can explain why two copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype. 33b) I can describe how males and females can differ in sex-linked traits. 34a) I can describe how phenotype depends on the interactions of many alleles. 34b) I can explain how the environment interacts with genotype. 35a) I can describe how gene linkage was described through fruit flies. 35b) I can explain how linkage maps estimate distances between genes. 36a) I can describe how human genetics follows patterns seen in other organisms, including how females can carry sex-linked disorders. 36b) I can describe several methods used to map human chromosomes, and how pedigrees trace genes in a family. Lesson 033 Lesson 034 Lesson 035 Lesson 036

12 Unit 4: DNA and Genetic Engineering - Chapters 8 & 9 10/28-11/26 [21 Days (including 1 Day for LTM)] SC.912.L.16.3 AA (H) Describe the basic 16 - Heredity and process of DNA replication and how it Reproduction relates to the transmission and conservation of the genetic information. SC.912.L.16.4 as AA (H) Explain how mutations in the DNA sequence may or may not result in phenotypic change. Explain how mutations in gametes may result in phenotypic changes in offspring. SC.912.L.16.5 as AA (H) Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes. SC.912.L.16.9 as AA (M) Explain how and why the genetic code is universal and is common to almost all organisms. From DNA to Proteins: DNA mutation offspring organism replication Chapter 8 [Note: Ch. 8.1 (Identifying DNA as the Genetic Material) loosely covers benchmark SC.912.L.16.9] [Note: Ch. 8.6 (Gene Expression and Regulation) covers the part of SC.912.L.16.5 addressing gene expression in great detail] 37a) I can describe Griffith s discovery of a transforming principle and explain how Avery identified DNA as the transforming principle. 37b) I can summarize the experiments of Hershey and Chase that confirmed DNA as the genetic material. 38a) I can describe the interaction of the four nucleotides that make up DNA. 38b) I can describe the threedimensional structure of DNA. 39a) I can summarize the process of DNA replication. 39b) I can describe the role of enzymes in DNA replication. 40a) I can describe the relationship between RNA and DNA and identify the three kinds of RNA and their functions. 40b) I can compare transcription with replication. 41a) I can describe how mrna codons are translated into amino acids. 41b) I can summarize the process of protein synthesis. 42a) I can describe how prokaryotes turn genes on and off. 42b) I can explain how gene expression is regulated in eukaryotic cells. 43a) I can distinguish between different types of mutations and explain why mutations may or may not affect phenotype. 43b) I can describe some factors that cause mutations. Lesson 037 Lesson 038 Lesson 039 Lesson 040 Lesson 041 Lesson 042 Lesson 043

13 SC.912.L AA (H) Evaluate the impact of biotechnology on the individual, society and the environment, including medical and ethical issues Heredity and Reproduction Genetic Engineering: biotechnology Chapter 9 44a) I can summarize how Lesson 044 restriction enzymes cut DNA. Lesson b) I can explain how restriction maps show the lengths of DNA Lesson 046 fragments. Lesson a) I can describe the role of Lesson 048 polymerases in copying DNA Lesson 049 segments. 45b) I can outline the three-step PCR process. 46a) I can describe what a DNA fingerprint represents. 46b) I can summarize how DNA fingerprints are used for identification. 47a) I can describe how organisms are cloned. 47b) I can explain how new genes can be added to an organism s DNA. 48a) I can describe genomics. 48b) I can explain how technology helps compare and study genes and proteins. 49a) I can explain how genetic screening can detect genetic disorders. 49b) I can describe how gene therapy research seeks to replace faulty genes. Units 3 & 4 (Chapters 5-9) Comprehension Check #2

14 Unit 5: Evolution and History of Life - Chapters /02-01/21 [21 Days (including 2 Days for Diagnostics and 1 Day for LTM)] SC.912.L.15.1 AA (H) Explain how the 15 - Diversity and scientific theory of evolution is supported by Evolution of Living the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography, Organisms molecular biology, and observed evolutionary change. SC.912.L AA (M) Describe the conditions required for natural selection, including: overproduction of offspring, inherited variation, and the struggle to survive, which result in differential reproductive success. Principles of Evolution: anatomy embryology evolution fossil natural selection Chapter 10 50a) I can examine early ideas Lesson 050 about evolution. Lesson b) I can summarize three geological theories that influenced Lesson 052 scientific debate over evolution. Lesson a) I can describe how Darwin Lesson 054 arrived at his idea about species variation. 51b) I can recognize how Darwin s discoveries supported Lyell s ancient- Earth theory. 52a) I can compare artificial selection to natural selection. 52b) I can examine the factors Darwin considered in forming his theory of natural selection and summarize the four principles of natural selection. 53a) I can recognize the major sources of evidence for evolution. 53b) I can examine the pattern of features that reveals the history of a species. 54a) I can summarize different types of evidence that support evolution. 54b) I can recognize the importance of evolution in unifying all branches of biological study. 1st SEMESTER EXAM - 12/17 thru 12/20

15 SC.912.L AA (M) Describe the conditions required for natural selection, including: overproduction of offspring, inherited variation, and the struggle to survive, which result in differential reproductive success. [revisited] SC.912.L as AA (M) Discuss mechanisms of evolutionary change other than natural selection such as genetic drift and gene flow. SC.912.L as AA (M) Describe how mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms 3rd NINE WEEKS The Evolution of Populations: Chapter 11 [Note: Ch (Natural Selections in Populations) addresses modes/paths of natural selection and loosely covers SC.912.L ] [Note: Ch (Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium) loosely covers all 3 listed benchmarks via the Hardy-Weinberg principle. The Hardy- Weinberg equation is addressed in great detail on p. 341] 55a) I can describe the significance of genetic variation within a population. 55b) I can summarize sources of genetic information. 56a) I can describe how natural selection acts on the distribution of traits in a population. 56b) I can explain three ways natural selection can change the distribution of a trait in a population. 57) I can explain how gene flow, genetic drift, and sexual selection can lead to the evolution of populations. 58a) I can describe the conditions that define Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 58b) I can explain the predictive value of the Hardy-Weinberg equation. 59a) I can explain how isolation of populations can lead to speciation. i 59b) I can describe how populations can become isolated. 60a) I can describe different types and rates of evolution. 60b) I can compare different types and rates of extinction. Lesson 055 Lesson 056 Lesson 057 Lesson 058 Lesson 059 Lesson 060

16 SC.912.L.15.1 AA (H) Explain how the 15 - Diversity and scientific theory of evolution is supported by Evolution of Living the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography, Organisms molecular biology, and observed evolutionary change. [revisited] SC.912.L.15.8 AA (M) Describe the scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth. SC.912.L as AA (M) Identify basic trends in hominid evolution from early ancestors six million years ago to modern humans, including brain size, jaw size, language, and manufacture of tools. The History of Life: hominid Chapter 12 [Note: Chs & 12.2 (The Fossil Record & The Geologic Time Scale) revisit the part of SC.912.L.15.1 addressing fossils in great detail and also loosely cover SC.912.L.15.8] [Note: Ch (Radiation of Multicellular Life) loosely covers SC.912.L.15.8.] 61a) I can summarize how fossils can form in several ways. 61b) I can explain why radiometric dating provides an accurate estimate of a fossil s age. 62a) I can describe how index fossils are another tool to determine the age of rock layers. 62b) I can explain how the geologic time scale organizes Earth s history. 63a) I can explain how Earth was very different billions of years ago. 63b) I can describe several sets of hypotheses that propose how life began on Earth. 64a) I can describe how microbes have changed the physical and chemical composition of Earth. 64b) I can describe how eukaryotic cells may have evolved and how the evolution of sexual reproduction increased diversity. 65a) I can summarize how life moved onto land during the Paleozoic era. 65b) I can explain that reptiles radiated during the Mesozoic era, and mammals during the Cenozoic era. 66a) I can describe how humans share a common ancestor with other primates and explain that we have found many fossils of extinct hominids. 66b) I can explain how modern humans arose about 200,000 years ago. Lesson 061 Lesson 062 Lesson 063 Lesson 064 Lesson 065 Lesson 066

17 SC.912.L.15.4 as AA (H) Describe how and why organisms are hierarchically classified and based on evolutionary relationships. SC.912.L.15.5 as AA (H) Explain the reasons for changes in how organisms are classified. SC.912.L.15.6 AA (M) Discuss distinguishing characteristics of the domains and kingdoms of living organisms Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms Unit 6: Classification - Chapter 17 01/22-01/28 [5 Days] The Tree of Life Chapter 17 Appendix A (Domains and Kingdoms ONLY) [Note: Ch (Molecular Clocks) loosely covers SC.912.L Evolutionary time is addressed in great detail.] 67a) I can describe how Linnaeus Lesson 067 developed the scientific naming Lesson 068 system still used today. 67b) I can describe how Linnaeus Lesson 069 classification system has seven Lesson 070 levels and explain why it has limitations. 68a) I can explain how cladistics is classification based on common ancestry. 68b) I can describe how molecular evidence reveals species relatedness. 69a) I can explain how molecular clocks use mutations to estimate evolutionary time. 69b) I can describe how mitochondrial DNA and ribosomal RNA provide two types of molecular clocks. 70a) I can explain why classification is always a work in progress. 70b) I can describe the three domains in the tree of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

18 Unit 7: Ecology - Chapters /29-03/03 [22 Days (including 1 Day for LTM and 1 Day for FCAT 2.0 Writing)] SC.912.E.7.1 as AA (H) Analyze the movement of matter and energy through the different biogeochemical cycles, including water and carbon. SC.912.L.17.9 AA (M) Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explain the pathway of energy transfer through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at successive trophic levels. SC.912.L.17.7 na (M) Characterize the biotic and abiotic components that define freshwater systems, marine systems and terrestrial systems. [supporting benchmark - not in 7 - Earth Systems and Patterns 17 - Interdependence Principles of Ecology: consumer decomposer matter producer Chapter 13 [Note: Chs & 13.2 (Ecologists Study Relationships & Biotic and Abiotic Factors) cover SC.912.L.17.7 which is not in the course description but needed to be understood in order to comprehend other benchmarks in the course description.] 71a) I can describe how ecologists study environments at different levels of organization. 71b) I can describe ecological research methods include observation, experimentation, and modeling. 72a) I can explain that an ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors. 72b) I can explain why changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect many other factors. 73a) I can explain that producers provide energy for other organisms and that almost all producers obtain energy from sunlight. 73b) I can describe how a food chain is a model that shows a sequence of feeding relationships, and how a food web shows a complex network of feeding relationships. 74a) I can describe how water cycles through the environment. 74b) I can explain how elements essential for life also cycle through ecosystems. 75a) I can describe how an energy pyramid shows the distribution of energy among trophic levels. 75b) I can explain how other pyramid models illustrate an ecosystem s biomass and Lesson 071 Lesson 072 Lesson 073 Lesson 074 Lesson 075

19 SC.912.L.17.4 as AA (M) Describe changes in ecosystems resulting from seasonal variations, climate change and succession. SC.912.L.17.5 AA (H) Analyze how population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and limiting factors (biotic and abiotic) that determine carrying capacity. SC.912.L.17.6 na (M) Compare and contrast the relationships among organisms, including predation, parasitism, competition, commensalism, and mutualism. [supporting benchmark - not in 17 - Interdependence Interactions in Ecosystems: abiotic biotic [Note: SC.912.L.17.4 is only partially covered (succession) in this chapter. Other parts are covered in chapter 15] Chapter 14 [Note: Chs & 14.2 (Habitat and Niche & Community Interactions) cover SC.912.L.17.6 which is not in the course description but needed to be understood in order to comprehend other benchmarks in the course description.] 76a) I can explain how a habitat differs from a niche and why resource availability gives structure to a community. 76b) I can explain why competition and predation are important ways in which organisms interact, and how symbiosis is a close relationship between species. 77a) I can explain that population density is the number of individuals that live in a defined area and that geographic dispersion of a population shows how individuals are spaced. 77b) I can describe how survivorship curves help to describe the reproductive strategy of a species. 78a) I can explain that changes in a population s size are determined by immigration, births, emigration, and deaths, and that population growth is based on available resources. 78b) I can describe how ecological factors limit population growth. 79) I can describe how succession occurs following a disturbance in an ecosystem. Lesson 076 Lesson 077 Lesson 078 Lesson 079

20 SC.912.L.17.2 as AA (H) Explain the general distribution of life in aquatic systems as a function of chemistry, geography, light, depth, salinity, and temperature. SC.912.L.17.4 as AA (M) Describe changes in ecosystems resulting from seasonal variations, climate change and succession. (continued from chapter 14) SC.912.L.17.3 na (M) Differentiate and describe the various interactions among Earth systems, including: atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. [supporting benchmark - not in 17 - Interdependence The Biosphere: aquatic light [Note: SC.912.L.17.4 is only partially covered (seasonal variations & climate change) in this chapter. The other part was covered in chapter 14] Chapter 15 [Note: Ch (Life in the Earth System) partially covers SC.912.L.17.3 which is not in the course description but needs to be introduced in order to comprehend other benchmarks in the course description.] 80a) I can describe the interactions of the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. 80b) I can describe the interactions of biotic and abiotic factors in the biosphere. 81a) I can differentiate between weather, climate, and microclimates. 81b) I can identify factors that determine Earth s climate zones. 82a) I can describe biotic and abiotic features of Earth s six major biomes. 82b) I can explain why polar ice caps and mountains are not considered biomes. 83a) I can identify the four major ocean zones and name organisms unique to each zone. 83b) I can describe the unique habitats of coastal waters. 84a) I can summarize the characteristics of estuaries and the organisms that inhabit them. 84b) I can describe moving and standing freshwater ecosystems by identifying common features of ponds and lakes, and describe the adaptations of the organisms that inhabit them. Lesson 080 Lesson 081 Lesson 082 Lesson 083 Lesson 084

21 SC.912.L.17.8 as AA (H) Recognize the consequences of the losses of biodiversity due to catastrophic events, climate changes, human activity, and the introduction of invasive, non-native species. SC.912.L as AA (H) Evaluate the costs and benefits of renewable and nonrenewable resources, such as water, energy, fossil fuels, wildlife, and forests. SC.912.L as AA (H) Discuss the need for adequate monitoring of environmental parameters when making policy decisions. [Regular Only] SC.912.L AA (H) Predict the impact of individuals on environmental systems and examine how human lifestyles affect sustainability Interdependence The Human Impact on Chapter 16 Ecosystems: nonrenewable resource 85a) I can summarize the current state and effects of human population growth. 85b) I can explain the importance of effective resource management. 86a) I can describe the sources, types, and effects of air pollution. 86b) I can explain how air pollution contributes to acid rain. 87a) I can describe how water pollution affects ecosystems. 87b) I can explain how biomagnification causes accumulation of toxins in food chains. 88a) I can assess the consequences of loss of biodiversity. 88b) I can explain how loss of habitat and introduced species affect ecosystems and biodiversity. 89a) I can describe sustainable development and some of its methods. 89b) I can explain how protecting an umbrella species can protect an entire ecosystem. Lesson 085 Lesson 086 Lesson 087 Lesson 088 Lesson 089 Units 5-7 (Chapters 10-17) Comprehension Check #3

22 Unit 8: Human Body Systems - Chapters 29.1, 29.4, , 31 & 34 03/04-04/08 [20 Days (including 1 Day for LTM)] SC.912.L AA (L) Identify the major parts of the brain on diagrams or models. SC.912.L na (M) Describe the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems and name the major divisions of the nervous system. [supporting benchmark - not in 14 - Organization and Development of Living Organisms Brain & Nervous System: model Chapter 29 - sections 1 & 4 only [Note: Ch (How Organ Systems Communicate) covers part of SC.912.L which is not in the course description but needed to be understood in order to better comprehend other benchmarks in the course description.] 90a) I can describe how the body s communication systems help maintain homeostasis. 90b) I can explain how the nervous and endocrine systems have different methods and rates of communication. 91a) I can describe how the nervous system s two parts work together. 91b) I can explain that the CNS processes information and the PNS links the CNS to muscles and other organs. Lesson 090 Lesson 091 SC.912.L na (L) Identify the major functions of the spinal cord. [supporting benchmark - not in [Note: Ch (Central and Peripheral Nervous System) covers SC.912.L entirely within diagrams on pp. 727 & 728 only. The rest of the section covers benchmarks which are not assessed but help to place SC.912.L into context.]

23 SC.912.L AA (M) Describe the factors affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system. SC.912.L na (M) Describe the physiology of the respiratory system including the mechanisms of ventilation, gas exchange, gas transport and the mechanisms that control the rate of ventilation. [supporting benchmark - not in 14 - Organization and Development of Living Organisms Respiratory & Circulatory Systems: cardiovascular system Chapter 30 - sections 1-4 only [Note: Ch (Respiration and Gas Exchange) covers SC.912.L which is not in the course description but needed to be understood in order to better comprehend SC.912.L.14.36, which it also loosely covers.] 92a) I can describe how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to maintain homeostasis. 92b) I can explain how the respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood and how the circulatory system moves blood to all parts of the body. 93a) I can explain how gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. 93b) I can explain why respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange. 94a) I can describe how the tissues and structures of the heart make it an efficient pump. 94b) I can explain why the heart pumps blood through two main pathways. 95a) I can describe how arteries, veins, and capillaries transport blood to all parts of the body. 95b) I can explain why lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases. Lesson 092 Lesson 093 Lesson 094 Lesson 095

24 4th NINE WEEKS SC.912.L.14.6 as AA (H) Explain the significance of genetic factors, environmental factors, and pathogenic agents to health from the perspectives of both individual and public health. SC.912.L AA (M) Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and antibiotics. HE.912.C.1.3 as AA Evaluate how environment and personal health are related. HE.912.C.1.8 as AA Analyze strategies for prevention, detection, and treatment of communicable and chronic diseases Organization and Development of Living Organisms Health Immune System and Disease: immune system vaccine [Note: SC.912.L.14.6 was introduced (genetic factors) in chapters 7 & 9.] Chapter 31 96a) I can summarize the germ Lesson 096 theory. Lesson b) I can describe the different pathogens and the way they enter Lesson 098 the body. Lesson a) I can identify the body systems Lesson 100 that protect people from pathogens Lesson 101 and describe the cells and proteins that fight the body s infections. 97b) I can compare the two types of immunity. 98a) I can identify nonspecific immune responses and the body systems that produce them, as well as summarizing how the cells of the immune system produce specific responses to pathogens. 98b) I can explain how the immune system rejects foreign tissues. 99a) I can identify methods used to control pathogens. 99b) I can explain how vaccines artificially produce acquired immunity. i 100a) I can explain what happens when the immune system responds to harmless antigens. 100b) I can describe autoimmune diseases and identify common autoimmune diseases. 101a) I can explain what leukemia is and how it weakens the immune system. 101b) I can summarize how HIV affects the immune system.

25 SC.912.L AA (M) Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system. Describe the process of human development from fertilization to birth and major changes that occur in each trimester of pregnancy Heredity and Reproduction Reproductive System: fertilization physiology reproductive system Chapter a) I can describe how the Lesson 102 female reproductive system Lesson 103 produces ova. 102b) I can describe how the male Lesson 104 reproductive system produces Lesson 105 sperm. 103a) I can explain how hormones control sperm production and egg maturation and release, and what happens when a sperm cell joins an egg cell. 103b) I can explain how sexually transmitted diseases affect fertility and overall health. 104a) I can explain how the fertilized egg implants into the uterus and is nourished by the placenta, and how a zygote develops into a fully formed fetus in about 38 weeks. 104b) I can describe how the mother affects the fetus, and how pregnancy affects the mother. 105a) I can explain how birth occurs in three stages. 105b) I can describe how growth and aging also occurs in three stages.

26 SC.912.L.14.7 AA (M) Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. Unit 9: Plant Structure and Physiology - Chapters 21 & 22 04/09-04/25 [12 Days (including 1 Day for LTM & 2 Days for FCAT 2.0 Reading)] 14 - Organization and Development of Living Organisms Plant Structure & Function: organ tissue Plant Growth, Reproduction, & Function Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Units 8 & 9 (Chapters 21, 22, 29-31, 34) Comprehension Check #4 Biology 1 NGSSS Benchmark Review - 04/28-05/02 Biology 1 EOC* - 05/05-05/09 106) I can describe the three cell types and three tissue types of plants. 107) I can describe how water and dissolved minerals move through xylem, and how sugars move through phloem. 108) I can describe the forms and functions of plant roots and stems. 109a) I can describe the structures that are common to most leaves. 109b) I can identify the adaptations that allow plants to photosynthesize and survive in various climates and regions 110a) I can summarize alternation of generations in plants and compare and contrast the life cycles of mosses, ferns, and conifers. 110b) I can describe the reproductive organs and fertilization of flowering plants and compare and contrast pollination by animals and by wind. 111a) I can compare how animals, wind, and water spread seeds and summarize how seeds begin to grow. 111b) I can describe how plants reproduce asexually with stems, leaves, and roots and explain that humans can produce plants with desirable traits using vegetative structures. 111c) I can identify plant hormones that regulate plant functions and explain how plants respond to light, touch, gravity, and seasonal changes. Lesson 106 Lesson 107 Lesson 108 Lesson 109 Lesson 110 Lesson 111

27 Unit 10: Diversity of Life - Chapters 20, , 18 & 19 05/12-05/30 [14 Days] SC.912.L.15.6 AA (M) Discuss distinguishing 15 - Diversity and characteristics of the domains and kingdoms Evolution of Living of living organisms. [revisited] Organisms Plant Diversity Chapter a) I can explain that land plants Lesson 112 evolved from green algae, and that Lesson 113 that they have adaptations that allow them to live on land. Lesson b) I can describe how plants Lesson 115 evolve with other organisms in their environment. 113a) I can explain that mosses and their relatives are seedless nonvascular plants, and that club mosses and ferns are seedless vascular plants. 113b) I can explain that seed plants include cone-bearing plants and flowering plants. 114a) I can describe the unique adaptations of flowering plants. 114b) I can explain how botanists and gardeners classify plants. 115a) I can describe how agriculture provides stable food supplies for people in permanent settlements. 115b) I can explain how plant products and compounds are important for the economy and in medicine. Animal Characteristics & Diversity Chapter 23 - sections 1,2 only 116a) I can describe how animals are the most physically diverse kingdom of organisms. 116b) I can identify the defining characteristics of animals. 117a) I can describe the unique body plants of the animal phyla and the criteria used to group animals. 117b) I can explain how genetics reveals the evolutionary history of animals. Lesson 116 Lesson 117

28 SC.912.L.14.6 as AA (H) Explain the 14 - Organization and significance of genetic factors, Development of Living environmental factors, and pathogenic agents to health from the perspectives of Organisms both individual and public health. [revisited] SC.912.L.15.6 AA (M) Discuss distinguishing 15 - Diversity and characteristics of the domains and kingdoms Evolution of Living of living organisms. [revisited] Organisms Viruses and Prokaryotes Chapter ) I can describe how viruses, Lesson 118 bacteria, viroids, and prions can all Lesson 119 cause infection. 119a) I can describe how viruses Lesson 120 differ in shape and in ways of Lesson 121 entering host cells. Lesson b) I can describe how viruses Lesson 123 cause two types of infections. 120a) I can explain how viruses cause many infectious diseases. 120b) I can describe how vaccines are made from weakened pathogens. 121a) I can describe how prokaryotes are widespread on Earth, and explain that although bacteria and archaea are structurally similar, they have different molecular characteristics. 121b) I can describe the various strategies bacteria have for survival. 122a) I can explain how prokaryotes provide nutrients to humans and other animals. 122b) I can describe how prokaryotes play important roles in ecosystems. 123a) I can explain how bacteria cause disease. 123b) I can describe how antibiotics work and the potential for antibiotic resistance. SC.912.L.14.6 as AA (H) Explain the 14 - Organization and significance of genetic factors, Development of Living environmental factors, and pathogenic agents to health from the perspectives of Organisms both individual and public health. [revisited] SC.912.L.15.6 AA (M) Discuss distinguishing 15 - Diversity and characteristics of the domains and kingdoms Evolution of Living of living organisms. [revisited] Organisms Protists and Fungi Chapter a) I can describe the different Lesson 124 types of protists. Lesson b) I can explain why protists can be difficult to classify. 125a) I can explain that fungi come in many shapes and sizes, and describe how they are adapted to absorb food and reproduce. 125b) I can describe how fungi can be decomposers, pathogens, or mutualists, and recognize that they are studied for many purposes. 2nd SEMESTER EXAM - 06/02 thru 06/05