Evolution of cooperation. Martin Nowak, Harvard University
|
|
- Cuthbert Caldwell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Evolution of cooperation Martin Nowak, Harvard University
2 As the Fukushima power plant was melting down, a worker in his 20s was among those who volunteered to reenter.
3 In an interview he said: There are only some of us who can do this job. I'm single and young, and I feel it's my duty to help settle this problem.
4 Time line Universe 4567 Sun 3500 chemical evidence of life on Earth 2100 bacterial fossils (simple multi-cellular) 1800 eucaria 600 complex multi-cellularity 120 insect societies 1 human language million years ago cooperation is needed for construction
5 What is it that evolves? Populations of reproducing individuals
6 Mutation
7 Selection
8 Cooperation
9 What is cooperation? Donor pays a cost, c Recipient gets a benefit, b Cost and benefit are measured in terms of fitness. Reproduction can be genetic or cultural.
10 Prisoner s Dilemma I cooperate I defect you cooperate b - c - c you defect b 0 b > c > 0 you get
11 What is the dilemma? Two rational players defect and end up with a low payoff, 0. Two irrational players might cooperate and receive a higher payoff, b c.
12 Natural selection chooses defection C C C C D D C C D D D D D D D In any mixed population, defectors have a higher payoff than cooperators.
13 Natural selection needs help to favor cooperators over defectors.
14 Five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation: Direct reciprocity Indirect reciprocity Spatial selection Group selection Kin selection
15 Direct reciprocity I help you, you help me.
16 Repeated Prisoner s Dilemma Player 1 : C D C D C C C. Player 2 : D C D D C C C. The Folk theorem
17 Repeated Prisoner s Dilemma Player 1 : C D C D C C C. Player 2 : D C D D C C C. What is a good strategy for playing this game? Robert Axelrod
18 Tit-for-tat I start with cooperation. If you cooperate, then I will cooperate. If you defect, then I will defect. Anatol Rapaport
19 Tit-for-tat is unforgiving Errors destroy cooperation Tit-for-tat : CCCCDCDCDCDDDDDD. Tit-for-tat : CCCDCDCDCDDDDDDD.
20 Let natural selection design a strategy Random
21 Let natural selection design a strategy Always defect Random
22 Let natural selection design a strategy Tit-for-tat Always defect Random
23 Let natural selection design a strategy Tit-for-tat Generous Tit-for-tat Always defect Random
24 Generous Tit-for-tat I start with cooperation. If you cooperate, then I will cooperate. If you defect, then I will cooperate with a certain probability (q = 1- c / b). Evolution of forgiveness
25 Let natural selection design a strategy Tit-for-tat Generous Tit-for-tat Always defect Random
26 Let natural selection design a strategy Tit-for-tat Generous Tit-for-tat Always defect Always cooperate Random
27 Let natural selection design a strategy Tit-for-tat Generous Tit-for-tat Always defect Always cooperate War and peace
28 Let natural selection design a strategy Tit-for-tat Generous Tit-for-tat Always defect Always cooperate Win-stay, lose-shift
29 Win-stay, lose-shift If I am doing well (payoff b or b-c) then I will repeat my move. If I am doing badly (payoff 0 or -c) then I will change my move. If b/c<2 then a stochastic variant of WSLS does well (where you return to C after DD only with a certain probability).
30 Direct reciprocity allows the evolution of cooperation if w > c / b b benefit c cost w probability of another round
31 Indirect reciprocity I help you. Somebody helps me.
32 Indirect reciprocity works via reputation A helps B A does not help B A B A B The reputation of A increases. The reputation of A decreases. donor recipient donor s reputation cooperate -c +b +1 defect Nowak & Sigmund, Nature 1998
33 Experimental confirmation: People help those who help others. Helpful people have a higher payoff in the end. Wedekind & Milinski, Science 2000
34 Gossip spreads reputation A helps B A B Observers Rest of the population gossip Reputation of A is updated.
35 Games of indirect reciprocity are cognitively demanding; individuals need to monitor the social network of a group. => evolution of social intelligence Individuals must be able to talk to each other about others. => evolution of human language
36 David Haig: For direct reciprocity you need a face. For indirect reciprocity you need a name.
37 A rule for indirect reciprocity q > c / b q probability to know someone s reputation c cost of cooperation b benefit of cooperation
38 Spatial selection Spatial games Games on graphs Games in phenotype space Games on sets
39 Spatial games Cooperators Defectors Nowak & May, Nature 1992
40
41 Games on graphs D D D D C C D C C C Cooperators Defectors The graph describes a spatial structure or a social network. Evolutionary graph theory (Lieberman et al, Nature 2005)
42 b b D D D 2b-2c C b b D D 2b-5c C C C C 2b-3c Cooperators pay a cost c for each neighbor to receive benefit b.
43 Spatial selection on graphs favors cooperation if b / c > k k (average) number of neighbors weak selection Ohtsuki et al, Nature 2006
44 Evolutionary set theory People belong to sets. People interact with others in the same sets. People adopt strategy and set membership of successful individuals. Tarnita et al, PNAS 2009
45 Evolutionary set theory N people M sets K set memberships per person u strategy mutation rate v set mutation rate b c >1+ 2 K M * Tarnita et al, PNAS 2009
46 Games in phenotype space Cooperation by similarity / tag based Phenotype space b c > Antal et al, PNAS 2009
47 Group selection There can be no doubt that a tribe including many members who [...] are always ready to give aid to each other and to sacrifice themselves for the common good, would be victorious over other tribes; and this would be natural selection. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, 1871
48 Group selection D D D C C D C C D D C C C C Play the game with others in your group. Offspring are added to the group. Groups divide when reaching a certain size. Groups die.
49 Group selection favors cooperators if b / c > 1 + n / m n group size m number of groups Traulsen & Nowak, PNAS 2006
50 Kin selection The interaction occurs between genetic relatives. I will jump into the river to save 2 brothers or 8 cousins J.B.S Haldane
51 Hamilton s rule r > c / b r coefficient of relatedness c cost of cooperation b benefit of cooperation
52 Problems: Most kin selection studies are based on inclusive fitness, which is a limited and problematic concept. Hamilton s rule is not a general condition, but only holds in special cases.
53 Five mechanisms for cooperation Direct reciprocity : I help you, you help me. Indirect reciprocity : I help you, somebody helps me. Spatial selection : Neighbors help each other. Group selection : groups of cooperators out-compete other groups. Kin selection : cooperate with genetic relatives.
54 Direct and indirect reciprocity are the key components for understanding the evolution of any pro-social behavior in humans. But what made us human is indirect reciprocity, because it selected for social intelligence and human language.
55 We must learn global cooperation. and cooperation with future generations.
56 Cooperators Ben Allen (Harvard) Tibor Antal (Edinburgh) Ivana Bozic (Harvard) Krishnendu Chatterjee (IST) Anna Dreber (Stockholm) Feng Fu (Zurich) Drew Fudenberg (Harvard) Christoph Hauert (UBC) Oliver Hauser (Harvard) Alison Hill (Harvard) Lorens Imhof (Bonn) Erez Lieberman (Houston) Robert May (Oxford) Hisashi Ohtsuki (Tokyo) Jorge Pacheco (Minho) Alexander Peysakhovich (Harvard) David Rand (Yale) Johannes Reiter (IST) Karl Sigmund (Vienna) Corina Tarnita (Princeton) Arne Traulsen (Ploen) Matthijs van Veelen (Amsterdam) E. O. Wilson (Harvard)
57 Simon & Schuster 2011
Understanding and Solving Societal Problems with Modeling and Simulation
Understanding and Solving Societal Problems with Modeling and Simulation Lecture 8: The Breakdown of Cooperation ETH Zurich April 15, 2013 Dr. Thomas Chadefaux Why Cooperation is Hard The Tragedy of the
More informationTit-for-Tat or Win-Stay, Lose-Shift?
Tit-for-Tat or Win-Stay, Lose-Shift? The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Published Version Accessed Citable
More informationComplexity in social dynamics : from the. micro to the macro. Lecture 4. Franco Bagnoli. Lecture 4. Namur 7-18/4/2008
Complexity in Namur 7-18/4/2008 Outline 1 Evolutionary models. 2 Fitness landscapes. 3 Game theory. 4 Iterated games. Prisoner dilemma. 5 Finite populations. Evolutionary dynamics The word evolution is
More informationHuman society is organized into sets. We participate in
Evolutionary dynamics in set structured populations Corina E. Tarnita a, Tibor Antal a, Hisashi Ohtsuki b, and Martin A. Nowak a,1 a Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Mathematics, Department
More informationEvolutionary Game Theory
Evolutionary Game Theory ISI 330 Lecture 18 1 ISI 330 Lecture 18 Outline A bit about historical origins of Evolutionary Game Theory Main (competing) theories about how cooperation evolves P and other social
More informationEvolutionary Game Theory and Frequency Dependent Selection
Evolutionary Game Theory and Frequency Dependent Selection 1 Game Theory A major component of economics Given a set of rules, predict how would rational beings behave in an interaction Who is in the game?
More informationThe Stability for Tit-for-Tat
e-issn:31-6190 p-issn:347-94 The Stability for Tit-for-Tat Shun Kurokawa 1,* 1 Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute
More informationAlana Schick , ISCI 330 Apr. 12, The Evolution of Cooperation: Putting gtheory to the Test
Alana Schick 43320027, ISCI 330 Apr. 12, 2007 The Evolution of Cooperation: Putting gtheory to the Test Evolution by natural selection implies that individuals with a better chance of surviving and reproducing
More informationLiving in groups 1. What are three costs and three benefits of living in groups?
Study questions Living in groups 1. What are three costs and three benefits of living in groups? 2. What is the dilution effect? What is a key assumption of the dilution effect hypothesis? What is a biological
More informationEvolution of Social Behavior: Kin Selection & Sociobiology. Goal: Why does altruism exist in nature?
"One lifetime, nine lifetimes are not long enough for the task of blocking every cranny through which calamity may enter A life spent, however victoriously, in securing the necessities of life is no more
More informationEvolutionary Dynamics in Structured Populations
Evolutionary Dynamics in Structured Populations The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Nowak, Martin A., Corina
More informationVII. Cooperation & Competition
VII. Cooperation & Competition A. The Iterated Prisoner s Dilemma Read Flake, ch. 17 4/23/18 1 The Prisoners Dilemma Devised by Melvin Dresher & Merrill Flood in 1950 at RAND Corporation Further developed
More informationPhysica A. Promoting cooperation by local contribution under stochastic win-stay-lose-shift mechanism
Physica A 387 (2008) 5609 5615 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physica A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/physa Promoting cooperation by local contribution under stochastic win-stay-lose-shift
More informationBrief history of The Prisoner s Dilemma (From Harman s The Price of Altruism)
Brief history of The Prisoner s Dilemma (From Harman s The Price of Altruism) 1948 The RAND Corporation. a civilian nonprofit think tank of an elite cadre of physicists, mathematicians, economists, and
More informationDivided We Stand: The Evolution of Altruism. Darwin 101. The Paradox of Altruism. Altruism: Costly behavior that helps others
Predator inspection Divided We Stand: The Evolution of Altruism Karthik Panchanathan buddha@ucla.edu Territorial defense Hunting Grooming Altruism: Costly behavior that helps others Food sharing Warfare
More informationEvolutionary dynamics in structured populations
Evolutionary dynamics in structured populations Martin A. Nowak, Corina E. Tarnita and Tibor Antal Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 19-30 doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0215 References Rapid response Subject collections
More informationThe Continuous Prisoner s Dilemma and the Evolution of Cooperation through Reciprocal Altruism with Variable Investment
vol. 160, no. 4 the american naturalist october 2002 The Continuous Prisoner s Dilemma and the Evolution of Cooperation through Reciprocal Altruism with Variable Investment Timothy Killingback 1,* and
More informationEmergence of Cooperation and Evolutionary Stability in Finite Populations
Emergence of Cooperation and Evolutionary Stability in Finite Populations The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation
More informationEvolutionary dynamics of cooperation
Evolutionary dynamics of cooperation Martin A. Nowak Abstract. Cooperation means a donor pays a cost, c, for a recipient to get a benefit b. In evolutionary biology, cost and benefit are measured in terms
More informationGenetic stability and territorial structure facilitate the evolution of. tag-mediated altruism. Lee Spector a and Jon Klein a,b
1 To appear as: Spector, L., and J. Klein. 2006. Genetic Stability and Territorial Structure Facilitate the Evolution of Tag-mediated Altruism. In Artificial Life, Vol. 12, No. 4. Published by MIT Press
More informationarxiv: v2 [q-bio.pe] 13 Apr 2016
Assortment and the evolution of cooperation in a Moran process with exponential fitness * aniel ooney 1 Benjamin Allen 2,4 arl Veller 3,4,5 arxiv:1509.05757v2 [q-bio.pe] 13 Apr 2016 Abstract: We study
More informationCooperation Achieved by Migration and Evolution in a Multilevel Selection Context
Proceedings of the 27 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life (CI-ALife 27) Cooperation Achieved by Migration and Evolution in a Multilevel Selection Context Genki Ichinose Graduate School of Information Science
More informationEvolution of Cooperation in the Snowdrift Game with Incomplete Information and Heterogeneous Population
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS Evolution of Cooperation in the Snowdrift Game with Incomplete Information and Heterogeneous Population André Barreira da Silva Rocha, University of Leicester, UK Annick Laruelle,
More informationRepeated Games and Direct Reciprocity Under Active Linking
Repeated Games and Direct Reciprocity Under Active Linking The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Pacheco,
More informationALTRUISM OR JUST SHOWING OFF?
ALTRUISM OR JUST SHOWING OFF? Soha Sabeti ISCI 330 April 12/07 Altruism or Just Showing Off? Among the many debates regarding the evolution of altruism are suggested theories such as group selection, kin
More informationOn the evolution of reciprocal cooperation
On the evolution of reciprocal cooperation Jean-Baptiste André Ecologie & Evolution - CNRS - ENS, Paris, France Biodiversity and Environment: Viability and Dynamic Games Perspectives Montreal, November
More informationARTICLE IN PRESS. Journal of Theoretical Biology
Journal of Theoretical Biology 256 (29) 45 57 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Theoretical Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yjtbi Direct reciprocity with costly punishment:
More informationAnalytical Results for Individual and Group Selection of Any Intensity
Bulletin of Mathematical Biology (2008) DOI 10.1007/s11538-008-9305-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Analytical Results for Individual and Group Selection of Any Intensity Arne Traulsen a,b,, Noam Shoresh c, Martin
More informationarxiv:math/ v1 [math.oc] 29 Jun 2004
Putting the Prisoner s Dilemma in Context L. A. Khodarinova and J. N. Webb Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England NG7 RD, e-mail: LarisaKhodarinova@hotmail.com
More informationEvolution of Diversity and Cooperation 2 / 3. Jorge M. Pacheco. Departamento de Matemática & Aplicações Universidade do Minho Portugal
Evolution of Diversity and Cooperation 2 / 3 Jorge M. Pacheco Departamento de Matemática & Aplicações Universidade do Minho Portugal Luis Santaló School, 18 th of July, 2013 prisoner s dilemma C D C (
More informationEvolution of Cooperation in Continuous Prisoner s Dilemma Games on Barabasi Albert Networks with Degree-Dependent Guilt Mechanism
Commun. Theor. Phys. 57 (2012) 897 903 Vol. 57, No. 5, May 15, 2012 Evolution of Cooperation in Continuous Prisoner s Dilemma Games on Barabasi Albert Networks with Degree-Dependent Guilt Mechanism WANG
More informationarxiv: v2 [q-bio.pe] 19 Mar 2009
Mutation selection equilibrium in games with multiple strategies arxiv:0811.2009v2 [q-bio.pe] 19 Mar 2009 Tibor Antal a, Arne Traulsen b, Hisashi Ohtsuki c, Corina E. Tarnita a, Martin A. Nowak a a Program
More informationApplication of Evolutionary Game theory to Social Networks: A Survey
Application of Evolutionary Game theory to Social Networks: A Survey Pooya Esfandiar April 22, 2009 Abstract Evolutionary game theory has been expanded to many other areas than mere biological concept
More informationThe Paradox of Cooperation Benets
The Paradox of Cooperation Benets 2009 Abstract It seems natural that when benets of cooperation are increasing, the share of cooperators (if there are any) in the population also increases. It is well
More informationBacterial cooperation leads to heteroresistance
Bacterial cooperation leads to heteroresistance Shilian Xu 1,*,+, Jiaru Yang 2,+, Chong Yin 3,+ 1 Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
More informationCooperation. Main points for today. How can altruism evolve? Group living vs. cooperation. Sociality-nocooperation. and cooperationno-sociality
Cooperation Why is it surprising and how does it evolve Cooperation Main points for today Sociality, cooperation, mutualism, altruism - definitions Kin selection Hamilton s rule, how to calculate r Group
More informationDynamics and Chaos. Melanie Mitchell. Santa Fe Institute and Portland State University
Dynamics and Chaos Melanie Mitchell Santa Fe Institute and Portland State University Dynamical Systems Theory: The general study of how systems change over time Calculus Differential equations Discrete
More informationEvolutionary Games and Computer Simulations
Evolutionary Games and Computer Simulations Bernardo A. Huberman and Natalie S. Glance Dynamics of Computation Group Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Palo Alto, CA 94304 Abstract The prisoner s dilemma
More informationevolutionary dynamics of collective action
evolutionary dynamics of collective action Jorge M. Pacheco CFTC & Dep. Física da Universidade de Lisboa PORTUGAL http://jorgem.pacheco.googlepages.com/ warwick - UK, 27-apr-2009 the challenge of minimizing
More informationCommunities and Populations
ommunities and Populations Two models of population change The logistic map The Lotke-Volterra equations for oscillations in populations Prisoner s dilemma Single play Iterated play ommunity-wide play
More informationThe Replicator Equation on Graphs
The Replicator Equation on Graphs The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Published Version Accessed Citable
More informationHamilton s Rule Applied to Reciprocal Altruism
Hamilton s Rule pplied to Reciprocal ltruism Jeffrey. Fletcher Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland, OR 9727 Email: jeff@pdx.edu bstract Reciprocal altruism and inclusive fitness
More informationMATCHING STRUCTURE AND THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN THE PRISONER S DILEMMA
MATCHING STRUCTURE AN THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN THE PRISONER S ILEMMA Noureddine Bouhmala 1 and Jon Reiersen 2 1 epartment of Technology, Vestfold University College, Norway noureddine.bouhmala@hive.no
More informationDarwinian Evolution of Cooperation via Punishment in the Public Goods Game
Darwinian Evolution of Cooperation via Punishment in the Public Goods Game Arend Hintze, Christoph Adami Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr., Claremont CA 97 adami@kgi.edu Abstract The evolution of
More informationThe Evolution of Cooperation in Self-Interested Agent Societies: A Critical Study
The Evolution of Cooperation in Self-Interested Agent Societies: A Critical Study Lisa-Maria Hofmann Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe, Germany lisamariahofmann@gmail.com Nilanjan Chakraborty
More informationEvolution of Cooperation in Evolutionary Games for Heterogeneous Interactions
Commun. Theor. Phys. 57 (2012) 547 552 Vol. 57, No. 4, April 15, 2012 Evolution of Cooperation in Evolutionary Games for Heterogeneous Interactions QIAN Xiao-Lan ( ) 1, and YANG Jun-Zhong ( ) 2 1 School
More informationReward from Punishment Does Not Emerge at All Costs
Jeromos Vukov 1 *, Flávio L. Pinheiro 1,2, Francisco C. Santos 1,3, Jorge M. Pacheco 1,4 1 ATP-group, Centro de Matemática e Aplicações Fundamentais, Instituto para a Investigação Interdisciplinar da Universidade
More informationarxiv: v1 [cs.gt] 7 Aug 2012
Building Cooperative Networks Ignacio Gomez Portillo Grup de Física Estadística, Departament de Física, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain. Abstract We study the cooperation problem
More informationPublic Goods with Punishment and Abstaining in Finite and Infinite Populations
Public Goods with Punishment and Abstaining in Finite and Infinite Populations The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters
More informationThursday, September 26, 13
Helpful behaviors Alarm calls (e.g., Belding ground squirrel) Sentinel behavior (e.g., meerkats) Nest helping Eusocial behavior Actor performs some action that benefits another (the recipient). How do
More informationarxiv: v1 [cs.gt] 18 Dec 2017
Invincible Strategies of Iterated Prisoner s Dilemma Shiheng Wang and Fangzhen Lin Department of Computer Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay,Kowloon,Hong Kong arxiv:1712.06488v1
More informationEvolutionary Games on Structured Populations under Weak Selection
Evolutionary Games on Structured Populations under Weak Selection Author: Nicholas Wage, wage@fas.harvard.edu, (920)-450-4293 Advisor: Martin Nowak Abstract All biological systems are, at some level, guided
More informationDynamic-persistence of cooperation in public good games when group size is dynamic
Journal of Theoretical Biology 243 (26) 34 42 www.elsevier.com/locate/yjtbi Dynamic-persistence of cooperation in public good games when group size is dynamic Marco A. Janssen a,, Robert L. Goldstone b
More informationThe Evolution of Cooperation under Cheap Pseudonyms
The Evolution of Cooperation under Cheap Pseudonyms Michal Feldman John Chuang School of Information Management and Systems University of California, Berkeley Abstract A wide variety of interactions on
More informationarxiv: v1 [physics.soc-ph] 11 Nov 2007
Cooperation enhanced by the difference between interaction and learning neighborhoods for evolutionary spatial prisoner s dilemma games Zhi-Xi Wu and Ying-Hai Wang Institute of Theoretical Physics, Lanzhou
More informationPhase transitions in social networks
Phase transitions in social networks Jahan Claes Abstract In both evolution and economics, populations sometimes cooperate in ways that do not benefit the individual, and sometimes fail to cooperate in
More informationarxiv: v2 [math.ds] 27 Jan 2015
LIMIT CYCLES SPARKED BY MUTATION IN THE REPEATED PRISONER S DILEMMA DANIELLE F. P. TOUPO Center for Applied Mathematics, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA dpt35@cornell.edu arxiv:1501.05715v2 [math.ds]
More informationEvolutionary Bargaining Strategies
Evolutionary Bargaining Strategies Nanlin Jin http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/csp/bargain Evolutionary Bargaining Two players alternative offering game x A =?? Player A Rubinstein 1982, 1985: Subgame perfect
More informationJournal of Theoretical Biology
Journal of Theoretical Biology 288 (2011) 84 91 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Theoretical Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yjtbi Green-beard effect predicts the
More informationGraph topology and the evolution of cooperation
Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Graph topology and the evolution of cooperation Author(s) Li, Menglin
More informationSelfishness and Cooperation: Challenge for Social Life
Studia Humana Volume 6:3 (2017), pp. 15 23 DOI: 10.1515/sh-2017-0019 Konrad Szocik Selfishness and Cooperation: Challenge for Social Life University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow,
More informationComputational Problems Related to Graph Structures in Evolution
BACHELOR THESIS Štěpán Šimsa Computational Problems Related to Graph Structures in Evolution Department of Applied Mathematics Supervisor of the bachelor thesis: Study programme: Study branch: Prof. Krishnendu
More informationarxiv: v4 [q-bio.pe] 16 Feb 2011
Sanctioning by Institution, Skepticism of Punisher and the Evolution of Cooperation Huhh, Jun-Sok November 3, 208 arxiv:0.702v4 [q-bio.pe] 6 Feb 20 Abstract This article aims to clarify the case and the
More informationRelative importance of social synergy, assortation and networks in the evolution of social cooperation.
Relative importance of social synergy, assortation and networks in the evolution of social cooperation. 1 Claudia Montoreano and Klaus Jaffe Universidad Simón Bolívar Caracas, Venezuela Abstract: We compare
More informationUnifying the Theories of Inclusive Fitness and Reciprocal Altruism
Portland State University PDXScholar Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations Systems Science 7-14-2006 Unifying the Theories of Inclusive Fitness and Reciprocal Altruism Jeffrey Alan Fletcher
More informationKalle Parvinen. Department of Mathematics FIN University of Turku, Finland
Adaptive dynamics: on the origin of species by sympatric speciation, and species extinction by evolutionary suicide. With an application to the evolution of public goods cooperation. Department of Mathematics
More informationcoordinating towards a common good
coordinating towards a common good Jorge M. Pacheco (with Francisco C. Santos ) Math Department, U. Minho, Braga CFTC, Lisbon PORTUGAL www.ciul.ul.pt/~atp Venice, IT, 19-oct-2009 the challenge of minimizing
More informationProblems on Evolutionary dynamics
Problems on Evolutionary dynamics Doctoral Programme in Physics José A. Cuesta Lausanne, June 10 13, 2014 Replication 1. Consider the Galton-Watson process defined by the offspring distribution p 0 =
More informationStability in negotiation games and the emergence of cooperation
Received 3 September 23 Accepted 4 November 23 Published online 3 January 24 Stability in negotiation games and the emergence of cooperation Peter D. Taylor * and Troy Day Department of Mathematics and
More informationTopology-independent impact of noise on cooperation in spatial public goods games
PHYSIAL REVIEW E 80, 056109 2009 Topology-independent impact of noise on cooperation in spatial public goods games Attila Szolnoki, 1 Matjaž Perc, 2 and György Szabó 1 1 Research Institute for Technical
More informationBehavior of Collective Cooperation Yielded by Two Update Rules in Social Dilemmas: Combining Fermi and Moran Rules
Commun. Theor. Phys. 58 (2012) 343 348 Vol. 58, No. 3, September 15, 2012 Behavior of Collective Cooperation Yielded by Two Update Rules in Social Dilemmas: Combining Fermi and Moran Rules XIA Cheng-Yi
More informationMeasures of success in a class of evolutionary models with fixed population size and structure
J. Math. Biol. DOI 10.1007/s00285-012-0622-x Mathematical Biology Measures of success in a class of evolutionary models with fixed population size and structure Benjamin Allen Corina E. Tarnita Received:
More informationBiological institutions: an institutional perspective on biological cooperation
Biological institutions: an institutional perspective on biological cooperation Erol Akçay Proximate mechanisms and the evolution of cooperation Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Santa Fe
More informationJournal of Theoretical Biology
Journal of Theoretical Biology 299 (2012) 1 8 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Theoretical Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yjtbi Evolving cooperation Martin
More informationSome Analytical Properties of the Model for Stochastic Evolutionary Games in Finite Populations with Non-uniform Interaction Rate
Commun Theor Phys 60 (03) 37 47 Vol 60 No July 5 03 Some Analytical Properties of the Model for Stochastic Evolutionary Games in Finite Populations Non-uniform Interaction Rate QUAN Ji ( ) 3 and WANG Xian-Jia
More informationProsperity is associated with instability in dynamical networks
Prosperity is associated with instability in dynamical networks Matteo Cavaliere 1,3,#, Sean Sedwards 1,4,#, Corina E. Tarnita 2, Martin A. Nowak 2, Attila Csikász-Nagy 1,* 1 The Microsoft Research University
More informationN-Player Prisoner s Dilemma
ALTRUISM, THE PRISONER S DILEMMA, AND THE COMPONENTS OF SELECTION Abstract The n-player prisoner s dilemma (PD) is a useful model of multilevel selection for altruistic traits. It highlights the non zero-sum
More informationCooperation Behaviors selected that benefit a recipient. Either altruistic ( -,+) or mutualistic (+,+). Can occur across species.
Selfish restraint and kin selection Directing selfish behaviors to those who are unrelated Ex: salamander tadpoles in two morphs: typical or cannibalistic Cooperation Behaviors selected that benefit a
More informationInstability in Spatial Evolutionary Games
Instability in Spatial Evolutionary Games Carlos Grilo 1,2 and Luís Correia 2 1 Dep. Eng. Informática, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria Portugal 2 LabMag, Dep. Informática,
More informationBELIEFS & EVOLUTIONARY GAME THEORY
1 / 32 BELIEFS & EVOLUTIONARY GAME THEORY Heinrich H. Nax hnax@ethz.ch & Bary S. R. Pradelski bpradelski@ethz.ch May 15, 217: Lecture 1 2 / 32 Plan Normal form games Equilibrium invariance Equilibrium
More informationEvolution of Altruistic Robots
Evolution of Altruistic Robots Dario Floreano 1, Sara Mitri 1, Andres Perez-Uribe 2, Laurent Keller 3 1 Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland 2 University of Applied Sciences,
More informationWhat is altruism? Benefit another at a cost to yourself. Fitness is lost!
Altruism What is altruism? Benefit another at a cost to yourself. Fitness is lost! Does altruism exist? Best examples come from eusocial insects Bees, termites, ants Suicide in bees, etc. Non-breeding
More informationSpatial Evolutionary Games
Spatial Evolutionary Games Rick Durrett (Duke) ASU 4/10/14 1 / 27 Almost 20 years ago R. Durrett and Simon Levin. The importance of being discrete (and spatial). Theoret. Pop. Biol. 46 (1994), 363-394
More informationUniversity of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research. Peer reviewed version. Link to published version (if available): /jeb.
Okasha, S., & Martens, J. (2016). Hamilton's rule, inclusive fitness maximization, and the goal of individual behaviour in symmetric two-player games. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 29(3), 473-482. DOI:
More informationSpatial three-player prisoners dilemma
Spatial three-player prisoners dilemma Rui Jiang, 1 Hui Deng, 1 Mao-Bin Hu, 1,2 Yong-Hong Wu, 2 and Qing-Song Wu 1 1 School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
More informationEvolution of parochial altruism by multilevel selection
Evolution and Human Behavior 32 (2011) 277 287 Original Article Evolution of parochial altruism by multilevel selection Julián García a,b,, Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh c,d,1 a Faculty of Economics and
More informationGame interactions and dynamics on networked populations
Game interactions and dynamics on networked populations Chiara Mocenni & Dario Madeo Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics University of Siena (Italy) ({mocenni, madeo}@dii.unisi.it) Siena,
More informationOscillatory dynamics in evolutionary games are suppressed by heterogeneous adaptation rates of players
Oscillatory dynamics in evolutionary games are suppressed by heterogeneous adaptation rates of players arxiv:0803.1023v1 [q-bio.pe] 7 Mar 2008 Naoki Masuda 1 Graduate School of Information Science and
More informationEvolutionary dynamics on graphs: Efficient method for weak selection
Evolutionary dynamics on graphs: Efficient method for weak selection Feng Fu, 1,2 Long Wang, 2 Martin A. owak, 1,3 and Christoph Hauert 1,4, * 1 Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge,
More informationPolicing and group cohesion when resources vary
Anim. Behav., 996, 52, 63 69 Policing and group cohesion when resources vary STEVEN A. FRANK Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Irvine (Received 5 January 996;
More informationABSTRACT: Dissolving the evolutionary puzzle of human cooperation.
ABSTRACT: Dissolving the evolutionary puzzle of human cooperation. Researchers of human behaviour often approach cooperation as an evolutionary puzzle, viewing it as analogous or even equivalent to the
More informationARTICLE IN PRESS. Journal of Theoretical Biology
ARTICLE IN PRE Journal of Theoretical Biology 259 (2009) 570 581 Contents lists available at ciencedirect Journal of Theoretical Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yjtbi trategy selection
More informationMathematics of Planet Earth
Mathematics of Planet Earth Discovering the Earth Putting mathematical glasses to discover: its shape and size: Eratosthenes (3rd century BC) its mass: Newton (18th century) its age: Kelvin, Perry, etc.
More information6. Evolu)on, Co- evolu)on (and Ar)ficial Life) Part 1
6. Evolu)on, Co- evolu)on (and Ar)ficial Life) Part 1 Modelling Social Interac)on in Informa)on Systems hep://davidhales.com/msiis David Hales, University of Szeged dave@davidhales.com 1 Summary How can
More informationReputation-based mutual selection rule promotes cooperation in spatial threshold public goods games
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1 A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria Tel: +43 2236 807 342 Fax: +43 2236 71313 E-mail: publications@iiasa.ac.at Web: www.iiasa.ac.at Interim Report
More informationEleven mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation
Journal of Institutional Economics (2014), 10: 2, 197 230 C Millennium Economics Ltd 2013 doi:10.1017/s1744137413000374 First published online 23 December 2013 Eleven mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation
More informationExtortion and Evolution in the Iterated Prisoner s Dilemma
Extortion and Evolution in the Iterated Prisoner s Dilemma Michael Earnest Nicholas Pippenger, Advisor Francis Su, Reader May, 2013 Department of Mathematics Copyright c 2013 Michael Earnest. The author
More informationQuestions About Social Behavior
April 17: Altruism: Questions Questions About Social Behavior 1. Why live in groups? Costs: disease, competition, cannibalism, visibility to predators Benefits: more efficient foraging; defenses against
More informationThe evolution of norms
ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Theoretical Biology 241 (2006) 233 240 www.elsevier.com/locate/yjtbi The evolution of norms F.A.C.C. Chalub a,, F.C. Santos b, J.M. Pacheco c a Centro de Matemática e Aplicac-ões
More informationCulture Outsmarts Nature in the Evolution of Cooperation
Copyright JASSS Klaus Jaffe and Roberto Cipriani (2007) Culture Outsmarts Nature in the Evolution of Cooperation Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation vol. 10, no. 1
More information