Goal 1: Learner will develop abilities necessary to do and understand scientific inquiry.

Transcription

1 Goal 1: Learner will develop abilities necessary to do and understand scientific inquiry. Objective Essential Questions/Extended Content Suggested Activities # Days What is the significance of scientific Research Design investigation? 1.01 Identify biological problems and questions that can be answered through scientific investigations Design and conduct scientific investigations to answer biological questions. Create testable hypotheses. Identify variables. Use a control or comparison group when appropriate. Select and use appropriate measurement tools. Collect and record data. Organize data into charts and graphs. Analyze and interpret data. Communicate findings Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models of biological phenomena using logic and evidence to: Explain observations. Make inferences and predictions. Explain the relationship between evidence and explanation. How does a scientist design and perform a scientific investigation considering controls, variables, and data analysis? What is the relationship between independent and dependent variables? What is a control in a scientific investigation? What types of biological investigations do not typically have controls? Which do have controls? When is it important to have a control? How do you distinguish between an observation and an inference? Design an Experiment for Farmer Cletus Embedded and Ongoing throughout the Semester Embedded and Ongoing throughout the Semester Embedded and Ongoing throughout the Semester

2 1.0 Apply safety procedures in the laboratory and in field studies: Recognize and avoid potential hazards. Safely manipulate materials and equipment needed for scientific investigations Analyze reports of scientific investigations from an informed scientifically literate viewpoint including considerations of: Appropriate sample. Adequacy of experimental controls. Replication of findings. Alternative interpretations of the data. What are some potential hazards that can occur in a lab? What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data? When would you use one over another? Embedded and Ongoing throughout the Semester Embedded and Ongoing throughout the Semester

3 Goal 2: Learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life. Objective Essential Questions /Extended Content Suggested Activities How is protein differentiation (different functions in the context of the cell) significant? 2.01 Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the following organic molecules: Carbohydrates. Proteins. Lipids. Nucleic Acids. Hydrolysis and condensation reactions Structure and function of cellulose and phospholipids in organisms # Days Investigate and describe the structure and function of cells including: Cell organelles Cell specialization. How do the differing structures of cells relate to specialized functions? Making microscopic measurement Comparison of light vs. electron (SEM and TEM) microscopes Following scientists and their contribution to understanding of the cell as well as the development of a theory: Leeuvenhoek, Brown, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow, Hooke, and Just. ER, Golgi, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton Connect cell communication with cell specialization 6

4 Communication among cells within an organism Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system including: Maintenance of homeostasis. Movement of materials into and out of cells. Energy use and release in biochemical reactions. How do organisms maintain homeostasis in changing conditions? How does the surface area to volume ratio of cells affect diffusion rates? Relate properties of water (studied in middle school) to cell membranes and functions. Regulation of osmotic pressure within the human body Demonstration Lab Osmosis and Diffusion Smooth Moves: The Jello Cell Family Story Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes and explain their importance in biological systems Investigate and analyze the bioenergetic reactions: Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration Photosynthesis Modern drug design based on genomics Glycolysis, Kreb s Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain Light dependent vs. light independent reactions

5 Goal 3: Learner will develop an understanding of the continuity of life and the changes of organisms over time. Objective Content Differentiation/ Essential Questions Suggested Activities # Days Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including: What are the ramifications to the organism if these processes (DNA replication, protein 6 synthesis, and gene regulation) go wrong? DNA Replication Chargaff s ratio Semi-conservative vs. Conservative model Protein Synthesis (transcription and translation) Contribution of Franklin and Wilkins in addition to Watson and Crick Gene Regulation How does gene regulation lead to cell specialization? Lac operon 3.02 Compare and contrast the characteristics of asexual and sexual reproduction Interpret and predict patterns of inheritance. Dominant, recessive and intermediate traits. How does one single cell with a set number of chromosomes become thousands of different types of cells in mature multi-cellular organism? How do genes and the environment interact to produce a phenotype? Interpretation of pea experiments that led to Mendel s Principles Using Chi Square with Genetics of Parenthood 7

6 Multiple alleles. Polygenic traits. Sex linked traits. Independent assortment. Test cross. Pedigrees. Punnett squares. Dihybid crosses Can we simulate a model illustrating the principle of independent assortment while supporting the probability of a dihybrid heterozygous cross? Dihybrid Crosses 3.0 Assess the impacts of genomics on individuals and society. Genetic testing: blood tests, ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villi sampling Research genetic diversity in human populations 5 Human genome project. Analysis of ancestry based on genetic patterns Applications of biotechnology. Reproductive cloning 3.05 Examine the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection including: Reading and using restriction maps Do allelic frequencies change over time in response to natural conditions? Fishy Frequencies (with Hardy- Weinberg) 6

7 Development of the theory. The origin and history of life. Fossil and biochemical evidence. Scientific controversy Endosymbiotic hypothesis Mechanisms of evolution. Applications (pesticide & antibiotic resistance). Gradual vs. punctuated equilibrium Reproductive isolation The rate of evolution How does pesticide and antibiotic resistance support the principle of natural selection?

8 Goal : Learner will develop an understanding of the unity and diversity of life. Objective Essential Questions/Extended Content Suggested Activities # Days 2.01 Analyze the classification of organisms according to their evolutionary relationships. How has modern technology allowed scientists to develop more sophisticated schemes for classification? 5 The historical development and changing nature of classification systems. Similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Explore the phylocode controversy (new system vs. Linnaeus) Similarities and differences among the eukaryotic kingdoms: Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. What are the advantages and disadvantages of simplicity vs. complexity in cellular/organism structure and function? Classify organisms using keys. Creation of a dichotomous key.02 Analyze the processes by which organisms representative of the following groups accomplish essential life functions including: Unicellular protists, annelid worms, insects, amphibians, mammals, non-vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms. How do various organisms accomplish essential life functions? Plant WebQuest 6 Transport, excretion, respiration, regulation, nutrition, synthesis, Plant tropisms

9 reproduction, and growth and development..03 Assess, describe and explain adaptations affecting survival and reproductive success. Structural adaptations in plants and animals (form to function). Disease-causing viruses and microorganisms. Co-evolution..0 Analyze and explain the interactive role of internal and external factors in health and disease: Genetics. Immune response Nutrition How is society affected by disease? What characteristics of viruses and microorganisms result in epidemic/pandemic outbreaks of diseases such as SARS and bird flu? Why do different populations respond differently to the same disease (e.g. cold virus in Europeans vs. South American tribes)? Disease transmission Epidemiology Types of viruses (how the type influences mutation rate and production of vaccines) Plague of 1918 How does the flu co-evolve with humans and other organisms (e.g. ducks)? The body is able to recognize self vs. non-self. What are the consequences of mistakes in recognition?

10 Parasites Toxins.05 Analyze the broad patterns of animal behavior as adaptations to the environment. Innate behavior. Learned behavior. How do pheromones allow for the social behaviors of colonial organisms to adapt to their environment? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using pheromones adaptations? Termite Behavior 5 Social behavior.

11 Goal 5: Learner will develop an understanding of the ecological relationships among organisms. Objective Essential Questions/Extended Content Suggested Activities # Days 1 Field Study on What tools do scientists use to study biodiversity? School Grounds Investigate and analyze the interrelationships among organisms, populations, communities and ecosystems Techniques of field ecology Abiotic and biotic factors Carrying capacity What factors influence biodiversity? How is carrying capacity different for two organisms living in the same environment? 5.02 Analyze the flow of energy and the cycling of matter in the ecosystem. Relationship of the carbon cycle to photosynthesis and respiration What roles do cellular respiration and photosynthesis play in the carbon cycle? Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorus cycle How do trophic levels determine how energy is transferred through ecosystems? Trophic levelsdirection and efficiency of energy transfer How are trophic levels related to food webs? What are the effects of biomagnification with respects to the food chain? Food Chains and Biological Magnification

12 5.03 Assess human population and its impact on local ecosystems and global environments: Historic and potential changes in population Factors associated with those changes. Climate Change. Resource use Sustainable practices/ stewardship. What factors influence the J and S-shaped population curves? How are they significant? How do human activities affect ecosystems?

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