The Nature of Stars. The Nature of Stars
|
|
- Gwen Briggs
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Nature of Stars The total number of stars is beyond our ability to count Only a few stars have been studied in detail. To understand the nature of stars, we will compare and catalog the stars by: Physical properties Chemical properties The Nature of Stars Observable stars in the Universe = 1 x There are probably about 50 x stars in the Universe. Essential properties of the stars can be understood in terms of just a few basic physical quantities. Motion (speed = change in position over time) Luminosity (brightness) Temperature (color) Chemical composition Size Mass Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 1
2 Constellations Grouping stars into constellations breaks sky into manageable bits brightest stars are in patterns called constellations. Origin of Constellations: Most constellation names trace to Greek or Babylonian civilizations. Farmers used constellations to distinguish seasons in places where weather varies little. Extended to religious beliefs, prediction of future events (astrology) Intro Autumn sky (12:00 am on October 1) Intro Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 2
3 Constellations 1929: IAU adopted official constellation boundaries that define the 88 official constellations that exist today. Intro Familiar Constellations Ursa Major (Great Bear) contains the Big Dipper Little Dipper is in Ursa Minor. Handle is Polaris (the North Star). Native American legends: Bowl of the Big Dipper is a giant bear Stars in handle are three warriors chasing it Hunters injured the bear and its blood caused the trees to change color to red. Other cultures: a wagon or cart, a plow, a bull's thigh, and the government (Chinese). Intro Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 3
4 Familiar Constellations: Orion Greek Legends: Orion stands by the river Eridanus, with his dogs, Canis Major and Canis Minor. They hunt various celestial animals, including Lepus, and Taurus. Orion was in love with the Seven Sisters who form the Pleiades, but his feelings were not returned. Orion's tragic life ended when he stepped on Scorpius. The gods put him and his dogs in the sky near all the animals he hunted. Scorpius was placed on the opposite side of the sky so Orion would never be hurt by it again. Intro At night, stars appear to move from east to west, but their relative positions don t change Celestial sphere imaginary sphere of the sky that surrounds Earth on which early astronomers assumed all stars were fixed Model assumes that Earth is stationary (does not rotate) and the sky rotates around Earth WRONG. Conventions are still used for convenience The Celestial Sphere Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 4
5 Conventions of the Celestial Sphere Diurnal motion: apparent nightly motion of the stars across the sky caused by Earth s rotation Northern hemisphere: stars appear to rotate around a point close to Polaris north celestial pole. Directly over geographic north The point where the Earth s axis intersects the celestial sphere South celestial pole: the extension of the Earth s axis in the Southern hemisphere Celestial equator: intersection of Earth s equatorial plane with the celestial sphere Daily Changes in the Position of Stars A day can be defined 2 different ways: 1. Solar day: 24 hrs ± 15 min Time elapsed between two successive crossings of the Sun over the same line of longitude due to Earth s rotation. 2. Sidereal day: (from sidus = star) Time elapsed between successive risings of a given star Different than solar day because accounts for Earth s revolution in addition to Earth s rotation Each night, a given star rises 3.9 minutes earlier than the time it did the night before Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 5
6 Seasonal Changes in the Positions of Stars Revolution of the Earth around the Sun means Earth faces different stars at different times of the year Sun appears to trace out a path on the celestial sphere relative to the constellations in the background called the ecliptic Seasonal Changes in the Positions of Stars Zodiac are the 12 constellations that the Sun moves through in the course of the year. We see different ones at night at different times of the year Others are up during day Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 6
7 Long-Term Changes in the Positions of Stars Earth s motions: 1. Rotation on axis results in apparent movement of stars from east to west and stars rising 4 minutes earlier each night. 2. Revolution around Sun results in observing a different set of constellations with the seasons. 3. Precession: rotation on an axis while that axis revolves around the vertical. Caused by gravitational pull of moon and sun Revolution of Earth s axis - one complete circle in about 26,000 years Long-Term Changes in the Positions of Stars Due to this slow movement, the north celestial pole drifts over the full precession cycle of thousands of years. In 13,000 years, Orion (now visible in winter) will be in the summer sky. Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 7
8 Celestial Coordinates: Designation by Name Stars appear to move but coordinates are fixed. Ancient method specify constellation where star is located. Many named by Arabic astronomers. Ex) Orion: Betelgeuse, Rigel. Taurus: Aldebaran Greek astronomers: Canis Minor: Procyon before the dog Canis Major: Sirius the dog star announced nced the rising of the Nile in Egypt. Celestial Coordinates: Designation by Name 1603: Bayer scheme ranked stars by brightness with Greek letters within a constellation brightest = α, second brightest = β, etc. Method limited due to not enough Greek letters. 1700: Flamsteed numbered east to west. Others based on on order of discovery, etc., registered dby who puchased them, but all official names now are approved by the IAU Most precise method: by a system of celestial coordinates based on angular measure Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 8
9 Full circle contains contains 60 1 contains 60 60' 60" 1 = = 3600" 1 1' Angular size of an object depends on actual size and ddistance away Angular Measure Celestial Coordinates: Declination Declination: lines that run east and west. Measured in degrees north or south of celestial equator Celestial equator: declination = 0. North Celestial pole = South Celestial pole = - 90 Analogous to latitude Center of earth 39 0 Washington Ecuador Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 9
10 Celestial Coordinates: Right Ascension Right ascension: lines that run north/south. Measured in hours, minutes, and seconds east of the Sun s position at vernal equinox Analog to longitude lines Units are related to (but not the same as) angular measure and time. Connection is Earth s rotation. (1 h = m = s = 15.) RA and Dec are static coordinates through the night. The Measurement of Distance We can specify the position of the star, but knowing the distance to it from our observation point on Earth is essential to understanding the star s other physical properties. Stars that appear close in the sky may not be close in space True distances vary many light years Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 10
11 The Measurement of Distance How do you measure the distance to an object in the sky? Triangulation Based on a right triangle AB distance = baseline Angle at B opposite tanb = = adjacent distance to object baseline Most accurate when baseline is largest Measurement of Distance in Astronomy The baseline can only be so large. It is easiest to measure the angle at the top of the imaginary triangle Parallax: a change in an object s apparent position caused by a change in the observer s position Nearby objects exhibit more parallax than more remote ones. I t l k t th t In astronomy, we look at the apparent motion of an object against a distant background of stars from two different vantage points Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 11
12 Measurement of Distance in Astronomy A sees stars A behind object. B sees B. The angle (in degrees) between A and B is known by subtracting the two sets of celestial coordinates of A and B. Angle between A and B = the parallax angle by similar triangles. A-B = baseline Star B A Set up a ratio: Star Baseline = parallax angle 2π x distance 360 O or distance = baseline x (360 O /2π) parallax angle Measuring Angular Distances distance = baseline (360 /2π) parallax angle B p p A Observer A and observer B are 1000 km apart looking at the moon. They observe that the parallax angle is 9.0 arc minutes. What is the distance to the moon? A B Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 12
13 Stellar Parallax d 1 p p is inversely proportional to d. Small parallax = long distance To detect smallest shift in parallax, baseline must be very large. Largest baseline possible = 2 AU (2 x distance from Earth to the Sun) Compare photos of the position of stars at different times of the year January July Stellar Parallax Parallactic angle defined as ½ of its apparent shift relative to the background. Scale is arc-seconds (very small angles) 1 = 3.1 x meters = 206,265 AU = 3.3 light-years = 1 parsec (1 pc). Star with measured parallax of 1 lies at a distance of 1 parsec from the Sun. Dr. Kristin B. Whitson 13
Chapter 1: Discovering the Night Sky. The sky is divided into 88 unequal areas that we call constellations.
Chapter 1: Discovering the Night Sky Constellations: Recognizable patterns of the brighter stars that have been derived from ancient legends. Different cultures have associated the patterns with their
More informationKnowing the Heavens. Goals: Constellations in the Sky
Goals: Knowing the Heavens To see how the sky changes during a night and from night to night. To measure the positions of stars in celestial coordinates. To understand the cause of the seasons. Constellations
More informationKnowing the Heavens. Goals: Constellations in the Sky
Goals: Knowing the Heavens To see how the sky changes during a night and from night to night. To measure the positions of stars in celestial coordinates. To understand the cause of the seasons. Constellations
More informationThe sky and the celestial sphere
Chapter 1 The sky and the celestial sphere The Sun, and sometimes the Moon are, by and large, the only astronomical objects visible in the day sky. Traditionally, astronomy has been a nocturnal activity.
More informationWHAT ARE THE CONSTELLATIONS
CONSTELLATIONS WHAT ARE THE CONSTELLATIONS In popular usage, the term constellation is used to denote a recognizable grouping of stars. Astronomers have redefined the constellations as 88 regions of the
More information2. Descriptive Astronomy ( Astronomy Without a Telescope )
2. Descriptive Astronomy ( Astronomy Without a Telescope ) http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html How do we locate stars in the heavens? What stars are visible from a given location? Where is the sun
More information6/17. Universe from Smallest to Largest:
6/17 Universe from Smallest to Largest: 1. Quarks and Leptons fundamental building blocks of the universe size about 0 (?) importance: quarks combine together to form neutrons and protons. One of the leptons
More information2. Descriptive Astronomy ( Astronomy Without a Telescope )
How do we locate stars in the heavens? 2. Descriptive Astronomy ( Astronomy Without a Telescope ) What stars are visible from a given location? Where is the sun in the sky at any given time? Where are
More informationChapter 0 2/19/2014. Lecture Outline. 0.1 The Obvious View. Charting the Heavens. 0.1 The Obvious View. 0.1 The Obvious View. Units of Chapter 0
Lecture Outline Chapter 0 Charting the Heavens Earth is average we don t occupy any special place in the universe Universe: Totality of all space, time, matter, and energy Astronomy: Study of the universe
More informationIntroduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System
ASTR 111 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 02 Sep. 10, 2007 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-15) Chap. 16: Our Sun Chap. 28: Search for
More informationCHAPTER 2 A USER'S GUIDE TO THE SKY
CHAPTER 2 A USER'S GUIDE TO THE SKY MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Seen from the northern latitudes (mid-northern hemisphere), the star Polaris a. is never above the horizon during the day. b. always sets directly
More information2. Modern: A constellation is a region in the sky. Every object in the sky, whether we can see it or not, is part of a constellation.
6/14 10. Star Cluster size about 10 14 to 10 17 m importance: where stars are born composed of stars. 11. Galaxy size about 10 21 m importance: provide a stable environment for stars. Composed of stars.
More informationLecture 2: Motions of the Earth and Moon. Astronomy 111 Wednesday August 30, 2017
Lecture 2: Motions of the Earth and Moon Astronomy 111 Wednesday August 30, 2017 Reminders Online homework #1 due Monday at 3pm Labs start next week Motions of the Earth ASTR111 Lecture 2 Observation:
More informationThe. Astronomy is full of cycles. Like the day, the month, & the year In this section we will try to understand these cycles.
Understanding The Sky Astronomy is full of cycles Like the day, the month, & the year In this section we will try to understand these cycles. For Example Why do we think of stars as nighttime objects?
More informationIntroduction to Astronomy
Introduction to Astronomy AST0111-3 (Astronomía) Semester 2014B Prof. Thomas H. Puzia Theme Our Sky 1. Celestial Sphere 2. Diurnal Movement 3. Annual Movement 4. Lunar Movement 5. The Seasons 6. Eclipses
More informationDiscovering the Night Sky
Discovering the Night Sky Guiding Questions 1. What role did astronomy play in ancient civilizations? 2. Are the stars that make up a constellation actually close to one another? 3. Are the same stars
More informationDiscovering the Night Sky
Guiding Questions Discovering the Night Sky 1. What role did astronomy play in ancient civilizations? 2. Are the stars that make up a constellation actually close to one another? 3. Are the same stars
More informationKnowing the Heavens. Chapter Two. Guiding Questions. Naked-eye (unaided-eye) astronomy had an important place in ancient civilizations
Knowing the Heavens Chapter Two Guiding Questions 1. What role did astronomy play in ancient civilizations? 2. Are the stars that make up a constellation actually close to one another? 3. Are the same
More informationAstronomy is the oldest science! Eclipses. In ancient times the sky was not well understood! Bad Omens? Comets
Astronomy is the oldest science! In ancient times the sky was not well understood! Eclipses Bad Omens? Comets 1 The Ancient Greeks The Scientific Method Our ideas must always be consistent with our observations!
More informationIt s Full of Stars! Outline. A Sky Full of Stars. Astronomy 210. lights), about how many stars can we see with
Astronomy 210 Section 1 MWF 1500-1550 134 Astronomy Building Leslie Looney Phone: 244-3615 Email: lwlw@wuiucw. wedu Office: Astro Building #218 Office Hours: MTF 10:30-11:30 a.m. or by appointment This
More informationConstellations In ancient times, constellations only referred to the brightest stars that appeared to form groups, representing mythological figures.
Chapter 2: The Sky Constellations In ancient times, constellations only referred to the brightest stars that appeared to form groups, representing mythological figures. Constellations Today, constellations
More informationAstronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION
Astronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION CHAPTER 0 Charting the Heavens Lecture Presentation 0.0 Astronmy a why is that subject! Q. What rare astronomical event happened in late summer
More informationCELESTIAL COORDINATES
ASTR 1030 Astronomy Lab 27 Celestial Coordinates CELESTIAL COORDINATES GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES The Earth's geographic coordinate system is familiar to everyone - the north and south poles are defined by
More informationConstellations and Asterisms
Constellations and Asterisms Constellations When ancient people looked at the sky they saw patterns and gave names to apparent groups of stars. Constellation patterns have been found on tablets over 4000
More information1-2. What is the name given to the path of the Sun as seen from Earth? a.) Equinox b.) Celestial equator c.) Solstice d.) Ecliptic
Chapter 1 1-1. How long does it take the Earth to orbit the Sun? a.) one sidereal day b.) one month c.) one year d.) one hour 1-2. What is the name given to the path of the Sun as seen from Earth? a.)
More informationThe light from the stars we see at night travel great distances to reach Earth. Other than the sun, Proxima Centauriis the next closest
The light from the stars we see at night travel great distances to reach Earth. Other than the sun, Proxima Centauriis the next closest star. The light that we see from it takes over 4 yearsto reach our
More information2. Descriptive Astronomy ( Astronomy Without a Telescope )
2. Descriptive Astronomy ( Astronomy Without a Telescope ) http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html How do we locate stars in the heavens? What stars are visible from a given location? Where is the sun
More informationA2 Principi di Astrofisica. Coordinate Celesti
A2 Principi di Astrofisica Coordinate Celesti ESO La Silla Tel. 3.6m Celestial Sphere Our lack of depth perception when we look into space creates the illusion that Earth is surrounded by a celestial sphere.
More informationName: Class: Date: ID: A
Name: Class: _ Date: _ Astro Quiz 2 (ch2) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Star A has an apparent visual magnitude of 13.4 and star B has
More informationEarly history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy. Positions in the sky. Lecture 3: The Sun & Constellations
Lecture 3: The Sun & Constellations Professor Kenny L. Tapp Early history of astronomy Birth of modern astronomy Noted scientist Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Ushered in new astronomy Planets revolve around
More informationSummary Sheet #1 for Astronomy Main Lesson
Summary Sheet #1 for Astronomy Main Lesson From our perspective on earth The earth appears flat. We can see half the celestial sphere at any time. The earth s axis is always perpendicular to the equator.
More information10/17/2012. Observing the Sky. Lecture 8. Chapter 2 Opener
Observing the Sky Lecture 8 Chapter 2 Opener 1 Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 2 Figure 2.6 Figure 2.4 Annotated 3 The Celestial Sphere The celestial sphere is the vast hollow sphere on which the stars appear fixed.
More informationConstellations. In ancient times, constellations only referred to the brightest stars that appeared to form groups, representing mythological figures.
Chapter 2 The Sky Constellations In ancient times, constellations only referred to the brightest stars that appeared to form groups, representing mythological figures. Constellations A constellation is
More informationDr. Tariq Al-Abdullah
1 Chapter 1 Charting the Heavens The Foundations of Astronomy 2 Learning Goals: 1. Our Place in Space 2. The Obvious view 3. Earth s Orbital Motion 4. The Motion of the Moon 5. The Measurement of Distance
More informationGuidepost. Chapter 2 A User s Guide to the Sky. Constellations Constellations (2) 8/27/2015. Outline. Outline (continued)
Chapter 2 A User s Guide to the Sky Guidepost Astronomy is about us. As we learn about astronomy, we learn about ourselves. We search for an answer to the question What are we? The quick answer is that
More informationPhysics Lab #4:! Starry Night Student Exercises I!
Physics 10293 Lab #4: Starry Night Student Exercises I Introduction For today s lab, we are going to let the Starry Night software do much of the work for us. We re going to walk through some of the sample
More informationThe Sky. Day sky: the Sun, occasionally the Moon. Night Sky: stars, and sometimes the Moon
The Sky Day sky: the Sun, occasionally the Moon Night Sky: stars, and sometimes the Moon So MANY objects.how Do We Make Sense of it ALL?? Goal How to describe the locations of objects in the sky To understand
More informationUsing the Star Wheel Laboratory 2
Objective: Using the Star Wheel Laboratory 2 This laboratory introduces the Star Wheel; which is a common tool used in backyard observing. This tool helps approximate the location of constellations and
More informationAnnouncements. Homework 1 posted on Compass
Announcements Homework 1 posted on Compass Ordinarily due by classtime next Friday Jan 27, but HW1 available on Compass until Jan 30 can submit answers for score more than once: persistence pays off! Register
More informationThe celestial sphere, the coordinates system, seasons, phases of the moon and eclipses. Chapters 2 and S1
The celestial sphere, the coordinates system, seasons, phases of the moon and eclipses Chapters 2 and S1 The celestial sphere and the coordinates system Chapter S1 How to find our way in the sky? Let s
More informationAstronomy 291. Professor Bradley M. Peterson
Astronomy 291 Professor Bradley M. Peterson The Sky As a first step, we need to understand the appearance of the sky. Important points (to be explained): The relative positions of stars remain the same
More informationLocal Coordinates. These are centered upon you, the observer.
Astronomy 30, Observing #3 Name: Lab Partners: Date: Materials: This lab, with the star chart completed from the pre-lab. Some sheets of paper for sketches. A pencil with eraser. A small flashlight, ideally
More informationIntroduction to the sky
Introduction to the sky On a clear, moonless night, far from city lights, the night sky is magnificent. Roughly 2000 stars are visible to the unaided eye. If you know where to look, you can see Mercury,
More informationThe Earth and the Sky
The Earth and the Sky In this class, we want to understand why the objects in the sky as seen from the Earth - appear as they do. Even though we haven t yet discussed the details, I am assuming that there
More informationExercise 1.0 THE CELESTIAL EQUATORIAL COORDINATE SYSTEM
Exercise 1.0 THE CELESTIAL EQUATORIAL COORDINATE SYSTEM Equipment needed: A celestial globe showing positions of bright stars and Messier Objects. I. Introduction There are several different ways of representing
More informationName: Date: 5. The bright stars Vega, Deneb, and Altair form A) the summer triangle. B) the winter triangle. C) the Big Dipper. D) Orion, the Hunter.
Name: Date: 1. If there are about 6000 stars in the entire sky that can be seen by the unaided human eye, about how many stars would be seen at a particular instant on a given dark night from a single
More informationToday in Space News: Earth s oldest rock found on the Moon.
Today in Space News: Earth s oldest rock found on the Moon https://www.lpi.usra.edu/features/012419/oldest-rock/ Study Points Predict the approximate time of day/night you should look for first quarter
More informationEarth, Sun, and Stars
Earth, Sun, and Stars Daily Patterns Earth Spins Earth is always moving, even though you don t feel it. One way Earth moves is by spinning around an imaginary line. One end of the line would come out of
More informationAstronomical coordinate systems. ASTR320 Monday January 22, 2018
Astronomical coordinate systems ASTR320 Monday January 22, 2018 Special public talk this week: Mike Brown, Pluto Killer Wednesday at 7:30pm in MPHY204 Other news Munnerlyn lab is hiring student engineers
More informationAgenda. LAB (Inst. Dickinson): Lab Constellation/Star Quiz Angular Measurement Lab
LAB (Inst. Dickinson): Lab Constellation/Star Quiz Angular Measurement Lab Agenda LECTURE (Prof. Canales): Discuss Formal Lab Report on FOV- Due Tues 2/15 LAB PREP: Unit Conversion Review Dec. & RA and
More informationSky, Celestial Sphere and Constellations
Sky, Celestial Sphere and Constellations Last lecture Galaxies are the main building blocks of the universe. Consists of few billions to hundreds of billions of stars, gas clouds (nebulae), star clusters,
More informationConstellations. In ancient times, constellations only referred to the brightest stars that appeared to form groups, representing mythological figures.
Chapter 2 The Sky Constellations In ancient times, constellations only referred to the brightest stars that appeared to form groups, representing mythological figures. Constellations (2) Today, constellations
More information2 OBSERVING THE SKY: THE BIRTH OF ASTRONOMY
2 OBSERVING THE SKY: THE BIRTH OF ASTRONOMY 1 2.1 The Sky Above Did you ever lie flat on your back in an open field and look up? If so, what did the sky look like? Most people think it appears to look
More informationDaily Motions. Daily Motions. Solar and Sidereal Days. Annual Motions of the Sun. Coordinate system on Earth. Annual Motion of the Stars.
Sun: rises in the east sets in the west travels on an arc across the sky 24 hours Daily Motions Solar Day = 24 hours Stars: stars travel on arcs in the sky moving from east to west. some stars rise and
More informationKitt Peak Nightly Observing Program
Kitt Peak Nightly Observing Program Splendors of the Universe on YOUR Night! Many pictures are links to larger versions. Click here for the Best images of the OTOP Gallery and more information. Winter
More informationPHAS 1511: Foundations of Astronomy
PHAS 1511: Foundations of Astronomy Dr Roger Wesson Research interests: deaths of stars. Planetary nebulae, novae and supernovae. Astronomy: some maths You can see that distances in astronomy are huge.
More information4.6 Stars. Star Patterns
4.6 Stars Star Patterns If you have ever looked up at the night sky in winter, you probably would recognize the pattern of stars below. The Ancient Greeks named this pattern of stars Orion, after the giant
More informationPHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B
PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B 1 I. True/False (1 point each) Circle the T if the statement is true, or F if the statement is false on your answer sheet. 1. An object has the same weight,
More information2. Knowing the Heavens
2. Knowing the Heavens Ancient naked-eye astronomy Eighty-eight constellations The sky s ever-changing appearance The celestial sphere Celestial coordinates Seasons: Earth s axial tilt Precession of Earth
More informationEarth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens
Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Origins of Modern Astronomy Earth Science, 13e Chapter 21 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Early history of astronomy Ancient Greeks Used philosophical
More informationA Sense of Scale and The Motions of Earth. The guitar player Pablo Picasso (1910)
A Sense of Scale and The Motions of Earth The guitar player Pablo Picasso (1910) Announcements n Notes from the first lecture are available on the class web site (www.astro.umass.edu/~calzetti/astro100).
More informationPrecession and The Celestial Poles
1 Precession and The Celestial Poles The North Celestial Pole lies overhead for an observer at the North Pole and on the horizon for an observer on the Equator The altitude of the pole equals your latitude.
More informationOberth: Energy vs. Momentum
1 2 The Oberth Effect 3 Oberth: Energy vs. Momentum 4 The Celestial Sphere From our perspective on Earth the stars appear embedded on a distant 2-dimensional surface the Celestial Sphere. 5 The Celestial
More informationCHAPTER 2 A USER'S GUIDE TO THE SKY
CHAPTER 2 A USER'S GUIDE TO THE SKY MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In one way of naming stars, a letter indicates its brightness relative to the other stars in the constellation. a. English b. Arabic c. Greek d. Cyrillic
More informationAstronomy 101 Lab Manual. Victor Andersen Community College of Aurora
Astronomy 101 Lab Manual Victor Andersen Community College of Aurora victor.andersen@ccaurora.edu January 8, 2013 2 Contents 1 Angular Measures 5 1.1 Introduction............................ 5 1.1.1 Degrees,
More informationTopic Guide: The Celestial Sphere. GCSE (9-1) Astronomy. Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9-1) in Astronomy (1AS0)
Topic Guide: The Celestial Sphere GCSE (9-1) Astronomy Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9-1) in Astronomy (1AS0) The Celestial Sphere Contents Specification Points 1 The Astronomy 2 Equatorial coordinates
More informationJames T. Shipman Jerry D. Wilson Charles A. Higgins, Jr. Chapter 15 Place and Time
James T. Shipman Jerry D. Wilson Charles A. Higgins, Jr. Chapter 15 Place and Time Place & Time Read sections 15.5 and 15.6, but ignore the math. Concentrate on those sections that help explain the slides.
More informationMotions of the Earth
Motions of the Earth Our goals for learning: What are the main motions of the Earth in space? How do we see these motions on the ground? How does it affect our lives? How does the orientation of Earth's
More informationConstellations. Big Dipper Today 3
Stars and Planets Stars are fixed relative to each other. They produce their own light which is independent of Sun s location (thus indicating they are very far away - the Greeks understood this) TODAY.
More informationdrinking straw, protractor, string, and rock. observer on Earth. Sun across the sky on March 21 as seen by an
1. The diagram below represents some constellations and one position of Earth in its orbit around the Sun. These constellations are visible to an observer on Earth at different times of the year. When
More information12.1. The Night Sky. Earth s Motions
12.1 The Night Sky LEARNING TIP Skim Section 12.1. Consider information gathered from the title, headings, figures, and words in bold. What do you expect to learn in this section? Astronomy is the branch
More informationA Warm Up Exercise. The Motion of the Sun. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise
A Warm Up Exercise The Motion of the Sun Which of the following is NOT true of a circumpolar star? a) It rises and sets from my latitude b) Its direction can be far North c) Its direction can be far South
More informationBrock University. Test 1, October 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 1 Number of Students: 470 Date of Examination: October 3, 2017
Brock University Test 1, October 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 1 Number of Students: 470 Date of Examination: October 3, 2017 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 17:00 17:50
More informationGuiding Questions. Discovering the Night Sky. iclicker Qustion
Guiding Questions Discovering the Night Sky 1 1. What methods do scientists use to expand our understanding of the universe? 2. What makes up our solar system? 3. What are the stars? Do they last forever?
More informationTime, coordinates and how the Sun and Moon move in the sky
Time, coordinates and how the Sun and Moon move in the sky Using the colors and magnitudes of quasars drawn from the SDSS Catalog Archive Server to distinguish quasars from stars using the light they emit
More informationNow on to scales in the. Let s change scale by TWO orders of magnitude at a time and see what happens.
Announcements Read 2.1 (Magnitude & Flux), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 In-class Quiz #1 on Tuesday, January 29. Homework #2 due in class on Thursday, January 31. Disability Services is in need of a note taker for this
More informationAppearance of the Sky Orientation Motion of sky Seasons Precession (?)
Today Appearance of the Sky Orientation Motion of sky Seasons Precession (?) The Celestial Sphere Stars at different distances all appear to lie on the celestial sphere. The ecliptic is the Sun s apparent
More informationStars and Constellations
Stars and Constellations by Mary Alice Thomas Grade level 9 or Earth Science Time required Two to three 50 minute class periods Materials/Technology required Star charts for the Northern Hemisphere throughout
More informationEarth Science, 11e. Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter 21. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy
2006 Pearson Prentice Hall Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 21 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationAstronomy 103: First Exam
Name: Astronomy 103: First Exam Stephen Lepp September 21, 2010 Each question is worth 2 points. Write your name on this exam and on the scantron. Short Answer Mercury What is the closest Planet to the
More information3) During retrograde motion a planet appears to be A) dimmer than usual. B) the same brightness as usual C) brighter than usual.
Descriptive Astronomy (ASTR 108) Exam 1 B February 17, 2010 Name: In each of the following multiple choice questions, select the best possible answer. In the line on the scan sheet corresponding to the
More information1) Kepler's third law allows us to find the average distance to a planet from observing its period of rotation on its axis.
Descriptive Astronomy (ASTR 108) Exam 1 A February 17, 2010 Name: In each of the following multiple choice questions, select the best possible answer. In the line on the scan sheet corresponding to the
More informationModern Name Arabic Name Meaning
The Night Sky Big Questions: What do we see when we look at the night sky with the naked eye? How are stars named? Why is the apparent magnitude of stars only a relative measurement? What is it relative
More informationA User s Guide to the Sky
A User s Guide to the Sky Constellations Betelgeuse Rigel Stars are named by a Greek letter ( ) according to their relative brightness within a given constellation plus the possessive form of the name
More informationCelestial Sphere Spectroscopy (Something interesting; e.g., advanced data analyses with IDL)
AST326, 2010 Winter Semester Celestial Sphere Spectroscopy (Something interesting; e.g., advanced data analyses with IDL) Practical Assignment: analyses of Keck spectroscopic data from the instructor (can
More informationASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section II
ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section II Dr. Donald G. Luttermoser Department of Physics and Astronomy East Tennessee State University Edition 2.0 Abstract These class notes are designed for use
More informationTest 1 Review Chapter 1 Our place in the universe
Test 1 Review Bring Gator 1 ID card Bring pencil #2 with eraser No use of calculator or any electronic device during the exam We provide the scantrons Formulas will be projected on the screen You can use
More information3. The International Astronomical Union established 88 constellations that represent a defined area of the sky. a. True
True / False 1. The constellations are an ancient heritage handed down for thousands of years as ways to tell stories of mythical heroes and monsters. True 2. In ancient times, constellation boundaries
More informationWhat do you think? 2/3/09. Mastering Astronomy Assignment 2. Constellations the 88 semi-rectangular regions that make up the sky
//09 Mastering Astronomy Assignment Due Feb 0, am Read Chapter Constellations the 88 semi-rectangular regions that make up the sky Northern constellations have Latinized Greek-mythology names: Orion, Cygnus,
More information1. The constellations are an ancient heritage handed down for thousands of years as ways to tell stories of mythical heroes and monsters. a.
Solar System 9th Edition Seeds TEST BANK Full clear download (no formatting errors) at: https://testbankreal.com/download/solar-system-9th-edition-seeds-test-bank/ Solar System 9th Edition Seeds SOLUTIONS
More informationAstronomy 100 The Solar System Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday. Tom Burbine
Astronomy 100 The Solar System Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday Tom Burbine tomburbine@astro.umass.edu HW #2 Due day after next clear night Go to http://www.skyandtelescope.com/ Use interactive sky chart Print
More informationStars and Planets. PHYS 162 Class 2 1
Stars and Planets Stars are fixed relative to each other. They produce their own light which is independent of Sun s location (thus indicating they are very far away - the Greeks understood this) TODAY.
More informationSection 2. Locating Astronomical Objects in the Night Sky What Do You See? What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate.
Section 2 Locating Astronomical Objects in the Night Sky Section 2 Locating Astronomical Objects in the Night Sky What Do You See? What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Construct
More informationAstronomy 11. No, this course isn t all about Star Wars
Astronomy 11 No, this course isn t all about Star Wars Earth s Rotation How fast are people on the equator moving? s=d/t =circumference/24 hours =(40,000 km)/24 hours =1670 km/h That s Mach 1.4! What
More informationPatterns in the Sky & Constellations
Patterns in the Sky & Constellations Daily Homework & Warm-Ups Before class (8am): answer warm-up questions online about reading for the day http://neutrino.otterbein.edu/~tagg/courses/too ls/warmupdb/astronomy_section_1
More informationIntroduction. The Constellations of the Winter Sky
Introduction The winter sky is an excellent place to begin exploring the constellations that make up the night sky. Orion is the key, or signpost, for locating many of the other constellations in the winter
More informationASTRO Fall 2012 LAB #2: Observing the Night Sky
ASTRO 1050 - Fall 2012 LAB #2: Observing the Night Sky ABSTRACT Today we will be calibrating your hand as an angular measuring device, and then heading down to the planetarium to see the night sky in motion.
More informationlightyears observable universe astronomical unit po- laris perihelion Milky Way
1 Chapter 1 Astronomical distances are so large we typically measure distances in lightyears: the distance light can travel in one year, or 9.46 10 12 km or 9, 600, 000, 000, 000 km. Looking into the sky
More informationAstronomy 311 Professor Menningen January 2, Syllabus overview books & supplies course goals assignments & grading About the professor
1 Astronomy 311 Professor Menningen January 2, 2014 Syllabus overview books & supplies course goals assignments & grading About the professor 2 How to Learn Astronomy Stay curious Interact with the same
More informationBrock University. Test 1, May 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: May 21, 2014
Brock University Test 1, May 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: May 21, 2014 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 14:00 14:50 Instructor: B.Mitrović
More information