LESSON 2: PLANET EARTH.

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LESSON 2: PLANET EARTH. THE EARTH MOVES. The Earth moves in two different ways: 1. Rotation: the Earth turns on its own axis. The Earth takes 24 hours to complete a full circle.

1 LESSON 2: PLANET EARTH. THE EARTH MOVES. The Earth moves in two different ways: 1. Rotation: the Earth turns on its own axis. The Earth takes 24 hours to complete a full circle. The axis of rotation is slanted with respect to the plane of movement around the sun. This inclination has important consequences for our planet. Consequences of rotation: i) Day and night. The Sun lights up one part of the Earth. In some areas it is day while in others it is night. ii) Time zones. Rotation means we have got time zones. There are 24 time zones, one for each hour of the Earth s rotation. 2. Revolution: the Earth revolves around the Sun. The Earth takes 365 and a quarter days to complete one full journey around the Sun. Consequences of revolution + inclination on the axis: i) The seasons. There are changes in the intensity of sunlight on the Earth, and this causes the seasons. ii) The Northern and Southern hemispheres have different seasons. In the Northern hemisphere the seasons change on the following days: (1) Winter solstice: 21 st or 22 nd of December is the beginning of winter. (2) Spring equinox: 20 th or 21 st of March is the beginning of spring.

2 (3) Summer solstice: 21 st of June is the beginning of summer. (4) Autumn equinox: 22 nd or 23 rd of September is the beginning of autumn. The difference between the temperatures during the summer and the winter is caused by the inclination on the axis and not by the distance between the Sun and the Earth. The seasons in the Northern and Southern hemispheres are different for the same reason. VOCABULARY TO LEARN Rotation To turn Axis Slanted Inclination To light up Time zones Revolution To revolve around Solstice Equinox

3 ACTIVITIES ABOUT THE LECTURE. 1. Choose the correct answer: 1. Rotation consists of a) the Earth turning on its own axis. b) the Earth revolving around the Sun. c) the Moon revolving around the Earth. 2. The axis of rotation is a) horizontal. b) perpendicular. c) slanted. 3. Which of the following is not a consequence of rotation? a) The seasons b) Day and night c) Time zones 4. Revolution consists of a) the Earth turning on its own axis. b) the Earth revolving around the Sun. c) the Moon revolving around the Earth. 5. How long does revolution take? a) 365 days and 3 hours b) 365 days and 12 hours c) 365 days and 6 hours 6. The seasons are a consequence of a) rotation b) revolution and the inclination of the axis c) revolution 7. The difference of temperatures between summer and winter is a consequence of a) rotation b) inclination of the axis c) revolution 2. Are these sentences true or false? Correct the false ones. Rotation takes 24 hours. The inclination of the Earth s axis hasn t got any consequences. When it is day in Spain, it is day everywhere. There are different seasons because the intensity of sunlight changes. Only the Northern hemisphere has got seasons.

4 3. Match items in A to items in B. A st June ¼ st March nd /23 rd September st /22 nd December B A. Autumn equinox B. Number of days of revolution C. Number of movements of the Earth D. Number of time zones E. Spring equinox F. Summer solstice G. Winter solstice 4. A simple model. What causes day and night? Materials you need: a. A globe to represent the Earth b. A torch to represent the sun. Procedure a. Spin the earth to demonstrate the change from day to night. One full turn takes 24 hours (1 day). b. Move the earth around the sun to demonstrate how the seasons come about. This takes 365¼ days (1 year). 5. Final activity: Use the following key words to describe how day and night occur. Key words: earth, revolve, 24 hours, axis, sun, day, night

5 REVIEW ACTIVITIES 1.- Choose between the different options: 1.- What seasons are solstices? a.- spring and summer b.- summer and winter c.- winter and autumn d.- autumn and spring 2.- What seasons are equinoxes? a.- spring and summer b.- summer and winter c.- winter and autumn d.- autumn and spring 3.- What is the movement of the Earth around the Sun? a.- rotation b.- translation c.- revolution d.- jumping 4.- What is the shape of the Earth' s orbit? a.- round b.- spiral c.- ellipse d.- triangle 5.- The tides are due to a.- an electromagnetic field b.- the mystery of the waves c.- the Moon s attraction d.- the Sun s attraction e.- Mars attraction f.- the changes in water temperature 6.- How far is the Moon from the Earth? a km b km c km d km 7.- When can you see the far side of the Moon? a.- When you go to the Southern hemisphere b.- Never c.- On satellite images

6 8.- Our rotation movement is a.- clockwise b.- anticlockwise 9.- When it is autumn in the Northern Hemisphere, in the Southern Hemisphere it is a.- winter. b.- summer. c.- spring. d.- autumn How many degrees is the Earth's axis slanted? a.- 25,3 º b.- 35,3 º c.- 23, 3 º d.- 23,5 º e.- 65º 2.- Complete the chart with: NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER DATE EQUINOX/SOLSTICE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 3.- In which season do the following events take place in the northern hemisphere? What about in the southern hemisphere? Complete the chart. EVENT CHRISTMAS EASTER END OF THE SCHOOL YEAR BEGINNING OF THE SCHOOL YEAR CARNIVAL NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4.- Copy and complete these sentences: 1.- Sunlight falls more directly on the 2.- Days and nights have the same length during the. 3.- The movement of the Earth around the causes the seasons. It takes days, which means year.

7 4.- During the first quarter, we can see the right of the Moon illuminated; it has the shape of. During the quarter we see the left of the illuminated; it has the shape of. 5.- In a Solar eclipse the passes between the Sun and the, and it blocks off the sunlight, projecting its onto the Earth. 6.- During a Lunar eclipse the is the Sun and the Moon, projecting its onto the Moon. 7.- The Earth goes around the Sun from to. 8.- The Moon takes days to go from full Moon to Moon. 9.- The layer of the Earth formed by all living things is the At night, in the Northern hemisphere you can find the North looking for the Pole. 5.- What is the meaning of the following words? 1.- equinox 2.- axis 3.- rotate 4.- seasons 5.- revolution 6.- angle 7.- ellipse 8.- tide 9.- full Moon 10.- hidden 11.- surround 12.- viscous 13.- layer 14.- molten 15.- recycle 6.- How do you say these words in English? 1.- solsticio 2.- plano de la eclíptica 3.- hemisferio Norte 4.- hemisferio Sur 5.- cara oculta de la Luna 6.- Luna nueva 7.- mareas vivas y muertas 8.- movimientos periódicos 9.- subir 10.- corteza, manto y núcleo 11.- renovable

8 12.- corteza 13.- densidad 14.- resolver 15.- biosfera 16.- entre 17.- detrás ver 19.- punto 20.- superficie 7.- Write T for True and F for False. Correct the false sentences. 1.- Rotation is the movement of the Earth around the Sun. 2.- Revolution is the movement of the Earth around its own axis. 3.- The equinox has got many hours of light and few hours of darkness. 4.- The Earth' s axis is slanted. 5.- The far side of the Moon is easy to see. 6.- The Sun rises on the West and sets on the East 7.- Spring equinox is on 21 st June. 8.- Winter solstice is on 22 nd December. 9.- Every 24 hours the Earth rotates around its axis High tides happen with New Moon and Full Moon Low tides happen with First Quarter and Last Quarter The Earth takes 375 days to revolve around the Sun The Earth rotates from East to West The Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit The Moon takes 4 months to go from full Moon to new Moon The hydrosphere surrounds the Earth The highest density materials are in the Earth's mantle The water is a non-renewable resource In a Lunar eclipse the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon In a Solar eclipse the Moon is behind the Earth.

9 8.- Short questions: a.- Are these materials renewable or non-renewable resources? rocks land mineral water wood paper fuel natural gas clean air b.- Match words in A to words in B to form sentences. Work in pairs. A B 1. The atmosphere a. is all the water on Earth 2. The mantle b. is the habitat of living beings 3. The core c. has got three layers 4. The biosphere d. has got iron and nickel 5. The geosphere e. is on the surface 6. The crust f. is made of a mixture of gases 7. The hydrosphere g. is full of magma

10 9.- Classify the following pictures in the Moon phases. Put them in order beginning with the New Moon. Where is the last picture made?

12 9.-What is happening in the following pictures?

Earth s Motion. Lesson Outline LESSON 1. A. Earth and the Sun 1. The diameter is more than 100 times greater than

Earth s Motion. Lesson Outline LESSON 1. A. Earth and the Sun 1. The diameter is more than 100 times greater than Lesson Outline Earth s Motion LESSON 1 A. Earth and the Sun 1. The diameter is more than 100 times greater than Earth s diameter. a. In the Sun, atoms combine during, producing huge amounts of energy.