Map Making. Chapter 2 Section 1

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1 Map Making Chapter 2 Section 1

2 Latitude and Longitude Objectives Compare and contrast latitude and longitude. Describe how time zones vary. Vocabulary cartography equator latitude longitude prime meridian International Date Line

3 Worlds Tallest Mountains Mount Everest Asia 8850 m On each Continent

4 Latitude and Longitude Latitude and Longitude For thousands of years, people have used maps to define borders and to find places. Cartography is the science of mapmaking.

5 Cartographers Cartographers use an imaginary grid of parallel lines and vertical lines to locate points on Earth. The equator circles Earth halfway between the north and south poles separating Earth into two equal halves called the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere.

6 Aconcagua South America 6959 m

7 Latitude and Longitude Latitude Lines of latitude are lines running parallel to the equator. Latitude is the distance in degrees north or south of the equator.

8 Latitude and Longitude Latitude Latitude is thus measured from 0 0 at the equator to 90 at the poles. Locations north of the equator are referred to by degrees north latitude (N). Locations south of the equator are referred to by degrees south latitude (S).

9 Latitude and Longitude Latitude Degrees of Latitude Each degree of latitude is equivalent to about 111 km on Earth s s surface. To locate positions on Earth more precisely, cartographers break down degrees of latitude into 60 smaller units, called minutes ( ). A minute of latitude can be further divided into seconds ( ( ). Longitude is also divided into degrees, minutes, and seconds.

10 Mount McKinley North America 6194 m

11 Longitude Latitude and Longitude To locate positions in east and west directions, cartographers use lines of longitude, also known as meridians. Longitude is the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian.

12 Prime Meridian The prime meridian, representing 0 longitude, is the reference point for longitude.

13 Mount Kilimanjaro Africa 5963 m

14 Latitude and Longitude Longitude Points west of the prime meridian are numbered from 0 0 to 180 west longitude (W). Points east of the prime meridian are numbered from 0 0 to 180 east longitude (E).

Semicircles Longitude Latitude and Longitude Lines of longitude are not parallel; they are large semicircles that extend vertically from pole to pole.

15 Semicircles Longitude Latitude and Longitude Lines of longitude are not parallel; they are large semicircles that extend vertically from pole to pole. Degrees of Longitude The distances covered by degrees of longitude vary with location. One degree of longitude varies from about 111 km at the equator to essentially the distance covered by a point at the poles.

Latitude and Longitude Longitude Locating Places with Coordinates Both latitude and longitude are needed to precisely locate positions on Earth.

16 Latitude and Longitude Longitude Locating Places with Coordinates Both latitude and longitude are needed to precisely locate positions on Earth. For example, the location of New Orleans is N, W. Note that latitude comes first in reference to the coordinates of a particular location.

17 Mount Elbrus Europe 5633 m

18 Time Zones Latitude and Longitude Because Earth takes about 24 hours to rotate once on its axis, it is divided into 24 times zones, each representing a different hour.

19 Time Zones Latitude and Longitude Each time zone is 15 wide, corresponding roughly to lines of longitude. Time zone boundaries have been adjusted in local areas for convenience.

20 There are six different time zones in the United States. Time Zones Latitude and Longitude

21 Puncak Jaya Oceania 4884 m

22 Calendar Dates Time Zones Latitude and Longitude Every time zone experiences this transition from one day to the next, with the calendar advancing to the next day at midnight. Each time you travel through a time zone, you gain or lose time, eventually gaining or losing an entire day. The International Date Line,, or 180 meridian, serves as the transition line for calendar days.

23 Time Zones Traveling west across the International Date Line, you would advance your calendar one day. Traveling east, you would move your calendar back one day.

24 Vinson Massif Antarctica 4897 m

Module 2: Mapping Topic 2 Content: Determining Latitude and Longitude Notes

Module 2: Mapping Topic 2 Content: Determining Latitude and Longitude Notes Introduction In order to more easily locate points on a globe or map, cartographers designed a system of imaginary vertical lines (also called parallels) and horizontal lines (also called meridians) that