V. The Moon s Motion and Phases

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1 V. The Moon s Motion and Phases

2 A. The Moon s Orbit revolves west 1. The moon around Earth from to. east 2. The moon s orbit is an. ellipse 3. The plane of the moon s orbit is inclined to Earth s at about 5 degrees.

3 4. The moon takes 27.3 days to make one complete revolution around Earth The same side of the Moon always faces Earth. Why?

4 B. Moonrise and Moonset NP SUN east west 1. Like the sun, the moon rises in the and sets in the. 2. The moon rises at a later time each night. a. Every 24 hours the moon travels about 13 o in its orbit. b. When Earth has rotated 360 o the moon can t be seen because it has moved in its orbit. As a result, Earth must rotate an addition 13 o to see the moon. 50 c. Moonrise and Moonset occur about minutes later each night. (52 mins.) d. Moonrise will appear in the sky to east of its Moonrise position the previous night.

5 Phases of the Moon 1. Half ( %) 50 of the moon is always in sunlight. 2. As the moon revolves around Earth we don t always see all of the illuminated portion of the moon because we see it from different angles. 3. As a result, the moon appears to change shape during the month. These changes in shape are called. the Moon s phases

6 Phases Animation /bcsmain.asp?v=category&s=00110&n=03000 &i= &o= &ns=0

7 Phases of the Moon

8

9 Summary a. For the first approximately 14 days, the moon appears to increase in size. b. The lighted portion of the moon is on the right side. c. The moon is said to be. waxing d. From the full moon to the new moon the moon appears to get. smaller e. The lighted portion of the moon is on the left side. f. The moon is said to be. waning g. The complete cycle of phases, from new moon to new moon takes 29 ½ days and is referred to as the month lunar (or synodic month).

10

11 4. Earthshine Within a few days of the new moon the faint outline of the entire circular disc of the moon, along with the bright crescent can be seen. This is due to sunlight reflecting off Earth and illuminating the dark side of the moon

12 Earthshine

13 D. The Lunar Month vs. the Sidereal Month The moon s period of revolution around Earth is days. 2. The actual period of revolution is called the Sidereal month. 3. This is 2.2 than the lunar month. days shorter

14 Animation /bcsmain.asp?v=category&s=00110&n=01000 &i= &o=%7c03000%7c01000%7 C&ns=0

15 Eclipses Don t confuse eclipse with ellipse!

16 Eclipses 1. Eclipses occur when Earth passes into the shadow of the moon or when the moon passes into Earth s shadow. 2. Because the Sun is a sphere and not a point of light, there are two parts of the shadows of Earth and the moon. a. : Umbra Inner section and total darkness. (1) Is a long narrow cone-shape. (2) The tip of Earth s umbra is nearly 1,400,000 km beyond Earth Penumbra b. : Outer section and partial darkness.

17 3. Lunar Eclipse

18 Total Lunar Eclipse vs. Partial Lunar Eclipse

19 Lunar Eclipse full 1. Occurs during a moon phase. 2. Duration may last for up to 1.8 hours. 3. The moon remains visible as a dusky red-orange or coppery color due to some sunlight being refracted through Earth s atmosphere into the umbra.

20 Lunar Eclipse Sequence

21 Lunar Eclipse After Totality

22 4. Eclipse Solar

23 Eclipses The Total Solar Eclipse Penumbra Umbra

24 The Total Solar Eclipse

25 Solar Eclipse new a. Occurs only during a moon. b. The moon s umbra is just long enough for its tip to touch Earth during perigee. c. With a width of just about 269 km, only locations within the umbra will experience a total eclipse. d. Duration: on up to minutes. 7

26

27 Eclipse Animation

28 Solar Eclipse Path

29 Baily s Beads Named for British Astronomer, Francis Baily A thin slice of the sun appears as broken beads of light Occurs at the beginning and end of the eclipse The Moon s edge is jagged due to mountain peaks

30 The Diamond Ring Effect Just before totality one bead is seen and is likened to diamond ring.

31 Viewing a Solar Eclipse A viewbox

32 Annular Eclipses

33 Annular ( ring-like ) Eclipses

34 Why Don t Eclipses Occur During Every Full Moon and Every New Moon?

35 The Moon s Orbit is Inclined at 5o

36 Nodes Must Be Aligned

37 Tides Caused by: The Moon s Gravity The Sun s Gravity Earth s Rotation

38 Tides Rotation

39 Tides

40 Tides Sun Not to Scale

41 Tides Animation

42 The Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia Extremely Large Tide Range Area of Detail

43 The Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia

44 The same location in the Bay of Fundy at high and low tide. (Tidal Range ~ 55 feet.)

45 The Moon s Formation (refer to DVD)

46 The Moon s Formation

47 Craters and Maria Formation

48 Maria and Highlands

49 Project Apollo

50 How Did We Go To The Moon?

51 Apollo Spacecraft

52 Command and Service Modules

53 Command and Service Modules

54 Lunar Module (LEM)

55 LEM Interior

56 Going to the Moon

57 CM Docks with LEM

58 CM Docked With LEM

59 Landing

60 On the Moon

61 The Lunar Rover

62 Liftoff from The Moon

63 Rendezvous with the CM

64 Jettison of Service Module

65 Reentry

66 Splashdown

67 Dr. Harrison Jack Schmitt The Only Scientist (A Geologist) to Walk on the Moon Official NASA Photo On the Moon Apollo 17 December 1972 At the Science Teachers Association of NY State Conference, November 2005

68 The Future of Human Space Exploration

69 The Shuttle Fleet Will be Retired by 2010

70 The International Space Station Human s in Low Earth Orbit

71 NASA Plans to Return to the Moon by 2018 A Return to the Mission Profiles of Apollo Liftoff of the Manned Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), on its launch vehicle Ares I First Tests of the Rocket are Scheduled for 2009 with manned flights to low Earth orbit in 2014

72

73 Liftoff of the Cargo Launcher (Ares V) with the Lunar Lander

74

75 The Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) A Return To the Apollo-era Configuration Apollo-Saturn V Ares I with CEV Ares V Space Shuttle

76 The CEV - Orion Apollo Orion

77

78 To the Moon

79

80 Zero-G Flight - September 10, 2007

81 Northrop Grumman Foundation

82 G-Force One

83 G-Force One is a Modified 727

84 Parabolic Flight

85 Gold Team

86 2-G s

87 Lunar Gravity

88 Weightless

89

90 August, 1991

91 NASA Website ww.nasa.gov/images/content/125170main_compar ison_full.jpg&imgrefurl= sion_pages/exploration/spacecraft/&h=720&w=96 0&sz=133&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=dGOva_ChCV Qh_M:&tbnh=111&tbnw=148&prev=/images%3 Fq%3DHeavy%2BLift%2Bcargo%2Blauncher%2 6svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls% 3DSUNA,SUNA: ,SUNA:en

92 After the Moon... Destination Asteroid If we re to have any hope of deflecting asteroids we need to know more about them They could provide raw materials for future space missions. Some asteroids are rich in Minerals Even frozen water

93

94

95

96

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98 After the Moon - Mars

99 And After Mars...

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