7.RP.A.2 Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.

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1 Lesson Overview We often observe the Moon in the night sky. Understanding the phases of the Moon requires a clear understanding that the Moon reflects light and rotates around the Earth. In this activity, students will be able to model this movement and make observations of the phases of the Moon. Objectives Model the movement of the Moon around the earth Observe the Moon goes through different phases Discuss changes in the phases of the Moon Standards (NGSS and Common Core) Grade level: 5th - 7th Lesson Time: 45 Minutes Key Terms: Earth Reflect Pattern Sun Resources: worksheet Key For state specific standards visit edu.zspace.com Next Generation Science Standards Earth and Space Science - Earth s Place in the Universe MS-ESS1 Develop and use a model of the Earth-sun-moon system to describe the cyclic patterns of lunar phases, eclipses of the sun and moon, and seasons. Common Core Connections Mathematics 7.RP.A.2 Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities. Differentiation (Δ) Group students heterogeneously to allow students with a strong command of the English language to assist in reading or interpreting questions Provide paper copies of diagrams to students to use as a reference Provide a handout with a list of vocabulary terms and definitions that will appear in the activity Allow students to provide answers that are handwritten, typed, or verbal Enrichment: Students could build a model of a key concept 1

2 Introduction The teacher will ask the students to draw the Moon and share the image with the class. Students should draw different shapes. The teacher will ask the students how this is possible. Does the Moon actually change shape? Does the Moon give off light like the Sun? The students need to understand that Moon reflects light from the Sun, so half of the Moon is always light and half is always dark. The teacher will show students the worksheet before they do the activity. Activity This section will be completed in Studio along with the worksheet. Scene 1 This is showing a full Moon! What do you notice about the position of Earth? You are looking down on the North Pole. What do you think the cutting plane represents? It is the dark side of the Moon. This should always face away from the Sun. Move the Moon counterclockwise around the Earth. Draw your observations on the Phases of the Moon worksheet. Scene 2 What do you notice about Earth in this scene? North is up. Move the Moon counterclockwise around the Earth. Now, make observations about what the Moon looks like if you are standing on the Earth. Draw your observations. Complete the worksheet by listing all the names for the different phases of the moon. Teacher Note: If the students don t know the names for the phases, they will need to look these up. If the students have already learned about the seasons and the tilt of the Earth, ask them what season is it in the northern hemisphere. They should say it is winter because the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun. Closing Students will talk about the model and things they noticed. They will make sure that they correctly drew and labeled the phases of the Moon. The teacher will ask the students look for patterns in the phases of the Moon as they discuss the following questions. 2

3 Questions for Discussion 1. Why is half of the Moon always dark? Answers will vary. Sample Answer: Light from the Sun only reaches half of the Moon. This is also true for the Earth. 2. What part of our solar system produces light? Correct Answer: The Sun produces light. 3. What patterns do you see in the phases of the Moon? Answers will vary. Sample Answer: Starting with the full Moon, I noticed that less and less of the Moon was visible until it was all gone. Then the Moon slowly reappeared. In each phase there was a quarter change in the amount of light. 4. Is the Moon always visible in the sky? Why or why not? Answers will vary. Sample Answer: No, the Moon just like the Sun is only visible for part of day. It could be visible during the day or night. 5. How would you know when and where to find the Moon? Answers will vary. Sample Answer: I could study the pattern and then predict what the Moon will look like and where it will be in the sky. I could also look up the time of the Moonrise and Moonset. 6. What effect does the Moon have on Earth? Answers will vary. Sample Answer: The Moon influences the tides in the ocean. Δ Investigate Further Extension Activity: Students can make their own observations about the Moon. Start on a new or full Moon and ask student to draw the Moon every day for one lunar cycle. 3

4 Earth s North Pole

5 _Last Quarter Waning Crescent Waning Gibbous Earth s North Pole New Moon Full Moon Waxing Gibbous Waxing Crescent _ 1 st Quarter

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