Side c is called the hypotenuse. Side a, and side b, are the other 2 sides.

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1 8.1 Properties of Tangents to a Circle Recall: Theorem of Pythagoras Side c is called the hypotenuse. Side a, and side b, are the other 2 sides. b Recall: Angle Sum Property In any triangle, the angles add up to 180.

2 Find each unknown measure: y ^ ^ iio'i-iqi-f = s

3 Tangents A line that intersects a circle at only one point is a "t"a.r\g crff to a circle. The point where the tangent intersects the circle is the Point of tangency p Line AB is a tangent to the circle with centre O. Point P is the point of tangency. Tangent - Radius Property A tangent to a circle is perpendicular,. to the radius at the point of tangency. The symbol means perpendicular. That is, A/\PO = ZBPO = 90

4 Example 1: Determining the Measure of an Angle in a Triangle Point O is the centre of a circle anci AB is a tangent to the circle. In AOAB» ZAOB = 63** Determine the measure of Z.OBA. Example 2: Using the Pythagorean Theorem in a Circle Point O is the centre of a circle and CD is a tangent to the circle. CD = 15 cm and OD = 20 cm Determine the length of the radius OC. Give the answer to the nearest tenth. Use 7 ' 40D-2-2-<' 13. ^

5 Example 3: Solving Problems Using the Tangent and Radius Property An airplane, A. is cruising at an altitude of 9000 m. A cross section of Earth is a circle with radius approximately 6400 km. A passenger wonders how far she is from a point H on the horizon she sees outside the window. Calculate this distance to the nearest kilometre. A use cc^^^ - -K^ S 3^.S3 ^v)a

6 8.2 Properties of Chords in a Circle Chords A line segment that joins two points on a circle is a _ A ca[cl^ fl-f e 7of a circle is a chord through the circle. C cia.4-tc^ ofthe A radius is half the diameter. Chord Properties The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord; that is, the perpendicular divides the chord into two equal parts. The perpendicular bisector of a chord in a circle passes through the centre ofthe circle. A line that joins the centre of the circle and the midpoint of the chord is perpendicular to the chord. When 0 is the centre ofthe circle, and EG = GF, then ZOGE = ZOGF = 90

7 Example 1: Determining the Measure of Angles fn a Triangle Point O is the centre of a circle, and Hne segment OC bisects chord AB. Z.OAC = 33** Determine the values of and f Example 2: Using Pythagorean Theorem in a Circle Point O is the centre of a circle. AB is a diameter with length 26 cm. CD is a chord that is 10 cm from the centre ofthe circle. What is the length of chord CD? Give the answer to the nearest tenth. Pt'va. usc aj^^^^c'^ ao ^ ^^^^

8 Example 3: Solving Problems Using the Property of a Chord and Its Perpendicular A horizontal pipe has a circular cross section, with centre O. Its radius is 20 cm. Water fils less than one-half of the pipe. The surface of the water AB is 24 cm wide. Determine the maximum depth of the water, which is the depth CD. Use a?^ ^y^-^ ao 243 'lx>c<. p

9 8.3 Properties of Angles in a Circle Arcs A section of the circumference of a circle is an r c The shorter arc AB is the l^i arc because it is smaller than a semicircle. The longer arc AB is the <^V^^JP^ arc because it is larger than a semicircle. Major arc AB Angles Minor arc AB The angle formed by joining the endpoints of an arc to the Ccrvfrt^ of the circle is a CCiAitT^I OJA^ic.. The angle formed by joining the endpoints of an arc to a point on the circle is an The inscribed and central angles in this circle are Ssxh^-t^rxdcA by the minor arc AB. Central angle

10 Angle Properties Ina circle, the measure of a central angle subtended by an arc is twice the measure of an inscribed angle subtended by the same arc. In a circle, all inscribed angles subtended by the same arc are congruent. all fv^ia^ C^r^ All inscribed angles subtended by a semicircle (diameter) are right angles.

11 Example 1: Using Inscribed and Central Angles Point O is the centre of a circle. Determine the values of ^ and /. Example 2: Applying the Property of an Angle Inscribed in a Semicircle Rectangle ABCD has its vertices on a circle with radius 8.5 cm. The width of the rectangle is 10.0 cm. What is its length? Give the answer to the nearest tenth.

12 Example 3: Determining Angles In an Inscribed Triangle Triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle, centre O. Z.AOB = 100** and Z^COB = MO** Determine the values of and z. A Co 7 lxc3' "^^epct^^l ^vt>vv\ CL.fc Ac

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