Materials per class: lamp without a shade or other light source (model of the Sun)

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1 Materials per class: lamp without a shade or other light source (model of the Sun) Materials per group: eight index cards numbered 1-8, ping pong ball stuck on one end of a pencil (model of the Moon), clipboard or cardboard to hold data sheet while recording, black crayon or pencil, chair or stool Materials per student: copy of Moon Phase Data Sheet and writing tools; copy of Moon Phase Cut-out Sheet; glue or tape; sentence strip or construction paper; scissors; copy of calendar (found below) SC.4.E.5.2 Describe the changes in the observable shape of the Moon over the course of about a month. Objective: To describe the changes in the observable shape of the Moon over the course of about a month. How can we describe the Moon s appearance over time? Teacher Note: Statewide Science Assessment items will NOT assess or use vocabulary associated with Moon phases, such as waning, waxing, and gibbous.

2 Procedures: 1. Set up one lamp (Sun) in the center of your classroom or other classroom that can be darkened. Each group of students will work surrounding the one light source. 2. Put one chair or stool about 4 feet from the light source for each group. Place the numbered index cards counterclockwise around the chair, starting with Number 1 index card between the chair and the light source. (See the diagram below.) One student will sit in the chair (holding a pencil and a clipboard on her lap with the Moon Phase Data Sheet) facing the Sun (lamp) with their feet on the Number 1 index card on the floor. The student will hold the ping pong ball Moon model on a pencil at arm s length in front of her and close (or cover) one eye until the Moon blocks out the Sun s light to simulate the new Moon phase. The student will record the appearance of the Moon model on the data sheet using a pencil or black crayon to show the dark parts they see when looking at the ping pong ball. 4. The student then turns to the left (counterclockwise) and places her feet on the Number 2 index card. Holding the ping pong ball Moon model straight in front of her at arm s length, the student records the appearance of the Moon model on the data sheet. 5. The student repeats Step 4 six more times until she has completed the phases and her feet are on the Number 8 index card. The appearance of the Moon model should be recorded on the data sheet each time the student moves her feet to each numbered index card.

3 Teacher Note: Remind students to move their heads out of the way when their feet are on the Number 5 index card so they can see the full Moon. If their heads are in the way, it will block the light from the model of the Moon. After completing the data sheet, the students will match their drawings of the Moon model to the labeled Moon Phase Cut-out Sheet as they put the picture cards in order. Questions include, but are not limited to: When do you see the Moon? Where do you see the Moon in the sky? Do you see the Moon in the same place in the sky at the same time each day? How does the Moon's position change from day to day? What pattern do you notice in the Moon's changing appearance? Can you predict what the Moon will look like tomorrow? in a week? in a month? Why does the Moon have phases? What is causing the changes in the Moon's appearance? Using the times for moonrise (from the newspaper, an almanac, or an on-line source), assign students to look at the Moon for one month and record their observations on a calendar (below for calendar template). Keep in mind that the Moon will sometimes rise after your students have gone to bed. When this is the case, the Moon may be visible in the morning for students to make their observations. Record observations from the class each day on a class Moon phase calendar.

4 Moon Phase Data Sheet Shade the circles below to show the areas of light and darkness you see on your model of the Moon in each phase.

5 Moon Phase Cut-out Sheet New Moon Waxing Crescent Moon Full Moon Waning Gibbous Moon Last Quarter Moon Waxing Gibbous Moon First Quarter Moon Waning Crescent Moon

6 Moon Phase Cut-out Sheet key to order of images for model 1. New Moon 2. Waxing Crescent Moon 5. Full Moon 6. Waning Gibbous Moon 7. Last Quarter Moon 4. Waxing Gibbous Moon 3. First Quarter Moon 8. Waning Crescent Moon

7 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

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