1. The pictures below show the Sun at midday. Write winter, spring or summer under the correct picture.

Transcription

1 Test 2 1. The pictures below show the Sun at midday. Write winter, spring or summer under the correct picture. 2. Look carefully at the phases of the Moon. Number them (1 to 4) in the order that you would see them during the month. 3. These pictures are of shadows at midday during the different seasons of the year. Name the correct season for each picture: spring, summer or winter.

2 4. Finish these sentences. a Our day is 24 hours long because that is the time it takes the Earth to b A year has 365 days because that is the number of whole days it takes the Earth to 5. Which of the following sentences are true: A The Sun and the Moon are the same size. B The Moon is spinning on its axis. C The Moon is nearer to the Earth than the Sun. D The Earth orbits the Sun. E The Moon orbits the Earth. 6. We live in the Southern Hemisphere. Which of the following statements explain why our winter occurs. A Winter happens when the Sun moves to the other side of the Earth. B Winter occurs because the Sun moves further away from the Earth at that time of year. C Winter happens because clouds block the Sun for a longer period. D Winter occurs because the Earth s axis tilts away from the Sun.

3 7. Choose the correct name beside each phase of the Moon from the following list. The first has been done for you. first crescent first quarter full moon last quarter last crescent 8. There was a full moon on 15 October. The last quarter was on 22 October. New moon was on 30 October. On 2 November the first quarter was showing. What will the Moon look like on 13 November?

4 9. This illustration shows the Sun at midday on 21 June. Draw circles on it to show the Sun s position at midday on 21 December and 21 March. Label the December Sun (D) and the March Sun (M). 10. Study the diagram below. Look at Ireland and Australia. a Which country is in daylight? b Which country is in darkness? c Ireland is having winter and Australia is having summer. Which country will have the longest period of daylight?

5 11. a Examine the diagrams below. Match each diagram with the correct description. Write down the correct letter-number pairs. For example, if you think diagram A matches statement 1, write down A1. 1 Summer in Australia 2 Night in Australia 3 Short nights in Australia 4 Summer in England 5 Night in England b The diagrams below show the position of the Sun in the sky at midday at three times in the year. (i) Which drawing was made on 30 May? (ii) Which drawing was made on the coldest day of the year? (iii) Which drawing shows the Sun s position all the year round at the equator?

6 12. a Use diagrams to explain how tides occur. b Why are there usually two low and two high tides every day? c Explain why the tides are not exactly 12 hours apart. 13. Look at the drawings of the Moon below. a Draw the Moon as it would appear at points C and E. b If shape A is seen on 1 January when would shape A be seen next? c Why is only one side of the Moon ever visible from the Earth?

7 14. Explain why the appearance of the Moon changes each month. 15. a Explain why we do not see an eclipse of the Moon every month. b Label the following on the diagram below: A New Moon B Full Moon C First quarter D Last quarter

8 16. Which of the following diagrams represents a solar eclipse b lunar eclipse? True or false 17. a Day and night are caused by the Moon passing between the Sun and planet Earth. b The Earth rotates once every 24 hours. c The tilt of the Earth s axis causes the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres. d The Earth revolves around the Sun four times each year once per season. e Day length is the same throughout the year at the equator. 18. a The shape of the Moon seems to change in a predictable pattern every two months. b A new Moon cannot be seen from Earth with the naked eye. c The shading on the Moon is caused by the Earth s shadow. d The shape of the Moon we see depends on how brightly it is shining.

9 19. a One revolution is the time taken for the Earth to pass once around the Sun. b The orbits of the planets cross each year. c The planets are always the same distance apart. d The same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. e A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth. f The four planets closest to the Sun are, in order: Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth. 20. a High tide occurs when the Moon is in line with the Sun. b There is one high tide and one low tide every 24 hours. c The tides are caused by gravity from the Sun and the Moon. d Tides always occur at the same time each day. 21. a Solar eclipses occur when there is a new Moon. b A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth makes a shadow on the Moon.

10 Answers 1. A winter, B summer, C spring 2. 1 A, 2 C, 3 D, 4 B 3. A winter, B spring, C summer 4. a turn on its axis b orbit the Sun 5. C, D, E 6. D 7. B first crescent, C last crescent, D full moon, E first quarter 8. C a Ireland b Australia c Australia 11. a 1 B, 2 A, 3 B, 4 A, 5 B b (i) B (ii) A (iii) C 12. a Diagrams showing tidal bulge facing the Moon. b There are two tidal bulges, one on either side of the Earth, and the Earth rotates through both every 24 hours. c Moon moves a small amount (about 15 ) around the Earth every day. 13. a C Gibbous or half; E Gibbous or half. b 28/29 January. c As the Moon orbits the Earth, it keeps the same side facing Earth at all times. 14. Explanation of phases of the Moon Moon reflects sunshine, so when in line with the Sun it can t be seen (new Moon); as it orbits Earth progressively more is lit by Sun (quarter Moon), until full Moon is visible. The Moon then become less and less fully lit changing nightly to the next new Moon. 15. a Moon, Earth and Sun not directly in line every month. b Diagrams to show: new Moon Moon between Earth and Sun; full Moon Sun, Earth, Moon; first quarter Moon anticlockwise from new Moon position; last quarter Moon between full Moon and new Moon position, continuing anticlockwise.

11 16. a B b C True or false 17. a false b true c true d false e true 18. a false b true c false d false 19. a true b false c false d true e true f false 20. a false b false c true d false 21. a true b true