Inline Spectrometer as Permanent Optics at the X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy Instrument to Support Seeding Operation
|
|
- Irma Day
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Inline Spectrometer as Permanent Optics at the X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy Instrument to Support Seeding Operation Amber L. Gray Office of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) San Jose State University Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford, CA August 24 th, 2012 Prepared in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Office of Science, Department of Energy s Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship under the direction of Aymeric Robert at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Participant: Signature Research Advisor: Signature
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ii Introduction 1 Methods 2 Materials 4 Results 5 Conclusion 8 Acknowledgements 9 References 9
3 ABSTRACT Inline Spectrometer as Permanent Optics at the X- ray Correlation Spectroscopy Instrument to Support Seeding Operation. AMBER GRAY (San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95112) AYMERIC ROBERT (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 90425) The X- ray Correlation Spectroscopy (XCS) Instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) investigates the dynamics of condensed matter systems by using coherent x- ray scattering techniques. The XCS has the option to probe both slow and ultrafast dynamics on desired length scales. It employs an extensive suite of X- ray instrumentation to tailor the LCLS X- ray beam properties to the experimental requirements. One of the peculiar structures of the LCLS beam is its spectrum, which presents numerous spikes that jitter from one shot to another. Therefore, a dedicated diagnostic is needed to characterize each spectral detail for single shots. Diagnostics are realized with an inline spectrometer, allowing measurement of such quantity, while transmitting most of the LCLS beam to perform an experiment. ii
4 INTRODUCTION The Linac Coherence Light Source (LCLS) is the first hard X- ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) that produces ultrafast intense X- ray pulses in order to non- destructively analyze a material s physical properties and crystalline or disordered structures. It provides a unique opportunity to observe dynamical changes of large groups of atoms in condensed matter systems (i.e., looking at what is happening inside a material) over a wide range of time scales using Coherent X- ray Scattering (CXS) in general and X- ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) in particular. The X- ray Correlation Spectroscopy (XCS) Instrument at the LCLS allows the study of equilibrium and non- equilibrium dynamics in disordered or modulated materials [1, 2] by means of these techniques. Coherent X- rays are particularly well suited for investigating disordered system dynamics down to nanometer and atomic length scales, using XPCS [1]. When coherent light is scattered from a disordered system, the scattering pattern presents a peculiar grainy appearance also known as speckles. These speckles originate from the exact position of all scatterers within the coherently illuminated volume. XPCS thus characterizes the temporal fluctuations of such speckle patterns from which insights in the dynamic behavior of the system can be revealed [1]. When lasing, spiky spectral features appear in the LCLS beam as a result of the SASE (Self- Amplified Spontaneous Emission) process as shown on in Figure 1. Shot to shot, the spikes seen in Figure 1, are never in the same place. Therefore, monochromators that select specific wavelengths of the beam, and diagnostic tools are necessary means for characterizing the single shot spectral properties of the beam while probing the dynamics of materials. An inline spectrometer directly in front of the experiment will therefore be the last crucial diagnostic before the FEL beam hits the sample. Figure 1. The figure shows a spectral representation of the Linac beam. The spikey spectral features of the beam are a natural part of the chaotic SASE (Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission) process. The spikes are never the same from shot to shot. Therefore, it is essential that the XCS Instrument both control and measure the characteristics of single shot spectral properties by using monochromators and diagnostic tools. Using monochromators to control and diagnostics to measure beam characteristics help scientists understand the difference between the dynamic material properties of an experiment and fluctuations in the beam s SASE process. Image Source: SLAC Today, August 13,
5 METHODS The XCS Instrument is a hard X- ray instrument designed to use the LCLS FEL beam for coherent X- ray scattering techniques such as XPCS. A schematic of the various optical components of the XCS Instrument is provided in Figure 2. Figure 2. Schematic view of the optical components and diagnostics of the XCS Instrument. The distances from each component to the sample are indicated in meters. XCS can operate various monochromators: a Si(111) or (220) Large Offset Double Crystal Monochromator (LODCM) and also an artificial Si(511) Channel Cut Monochromator (CCM). The future spectrometer location is indicated with the arrow between a set of slits/diagnostics and the diffractometer. The beam can focus to small sizes (typically 5 5 μm 2 ) with Compound Refractive Lenses (CRL) available for installation at two different locations. XCS can also operate in pink beam mode by translating most of its components in the main LCLS beamline as indicated in red [3]. The detailed characterization of each single X- ray pulse reaching the sample is required (i.e. intensity and spectral content). As one can see from Figure 2, a transmissive spectrometer is needed inline just before the sample at 0.8 m before the diffractometer in order to properly evaluate the spectral content of each single pulse. It will therefore be located directly upstream of the sample s diffractometer location. The requirements of the spectrometer are to capture the full SASE spectrum in the hard X- ray regime (5-10 kev) on a single shot basis (up to the maximum repetition rate of the LCLS, i.e., 120 Hz), with a resolution sufficient to resolve individual spikes. The design of the spectrometer includes the selection of thin silicon crystal membranes of a given thickness for the desired transmission of hard X- rays. Crystal thickness determines the percentage of X- rays that are transmitted through the crystal itself, while others are reflected to the detector. The silicon crystal membranes will be bent to a specific radius of curvature in order to provide the 2
6 necessary dispersion (i.e., provide an appropriate resolution), and the diffracted beam will then reach the detector s scintillator screen across x, as seen in Figure 3. Figure 3. Dispersion geometry of the spectrometer [4]. L is the length from the center of the crystal to the detector screen as can also be seen from the test spectrometer set up in Figure 5. H is the size of the FEL beam, which can be reduced by the slits illustrated in Figure 2. And Δx represents the diffracted beam s wavelength spectrum across the scintillator screen. Relationships between the dispersion geometry variables are defined below. As the incoming beam hits the bent crystal different parts of the beam are diffracted at different angles satisfying Bragg s Law given by Equation 1 λ = 2d sin θ!, (1) where d is the d- spacing between the lattice planes of a given crystal and orientation and θ! is the Bragg angle for a particular wavelength, λ. The wavelength dispersion, Δx on the detector is related to ΔΕ, the photon energy increment and is expressed as: Δx = 2 tan θ!!!"#!!! + L!!"!, (2) where R is the radius of curvature of the crystal and L! is the distance from the membrane to the detector. The beam size, Η, and the radius of curvature of the 3
7 crystal are determining factors in the spectral range of the bent crystal spectrometer [4]. Equation 3 shows this dependency!"!"#! = cot θ!!!!"#!!. (3) A preliminary study was done for a Si(111) crystal to see if the allowable space could accommodate a Helium filled plexiglass enclosure holding the crystal with different stages to move about four different axes. The Helium filled and enclosed plexiglass box will hold a detector directly on top rotating independently of the crystal. There will be two linear and two rotational stages: x, y, θ and χ respectively. The x- stage is necessary to move the crystal in and out of the beam path as desired in the horizontal plane. The y- stage is to get the crystal in alignment with the beam s path direction. The y- stage specifically helps to select an appropriate curvature on the crystal. The θ- and χ- stages will align the angles of the crystal and allow the diffracted X- rays to reach the detector. The beam will be diffracted at nearly 90 degrees in the vertical scattering plane to prevent polarization losses. Once the physics requirements of the project are met the next step is to start a conceptual report. From an engineering standpoint a conceptual report begins by conducting a feasibility study in the XCS Hutch to see if the space available upstream of the sample is capable of hosting a spectrometer with the appropriate energy range as indicated for the spectrometer requirements. After taking measurements in the hutch it was determined there will be enough space to rotate a detector allowing an energy range from 7.5 to 10keV. The energy range corresponds to the available space for the spectrometer. The next step is to come up with a technical design based on this concept. This involves choosing appropriate stages with the required resolutions and sizes, then determining the desired base and brackets to house the crystal holder set up. This will lead to the procurement and engineering of the required components, together with an assembly, and test plan. MATERIALS The available space for the spectrometer is not large. It will be located upstream of the diffractometer as seen in Figure 2. When looking in the z- plane (beam direction plane) of XCS Instrument, component to component, there is only 30 cm to fit a base for the spectrometer box. 4
8 Figure 4 shows a rough shape, from a side view, for the conceptual design of the Helium plexiglass box. Since the detector, which will rotate on top of the plexiglass box, is 44 cm long and there is 60 cm of available space in the x- direction, the box s longest dimension will be in the x- direction. Figure 7 shows a front view of the plexiglass conceptual design that includes a schematic of how it will work and the components necessary for the box to house the crystal. A vibration oscillation breadboard and supporting bracket will hold the box assembly in place. The bracket will be attached to another breadboard in the y- plane fixed to a granite block holding components upstream of the diffractometer as seen in Figure 7. y x z Figure 4. Rough sketch of the conceptual design for the Helium filled plexiglass box. This breadbox shape plexiglass enclsoure will house the crystal and stages to move the crystal. The z- direction is in line with the LCLS beam path. The box will house stages that move the crystal in alignment with the beam and with the spectrometer detector. The detector will rotate along the arc at the top of the box for specific energies. RESULTS Initially a test spectrometer was set up by mounting a Si(333) on the XCS s diffractometer. Directly above the crystal was a detector at 32.2 cm, the L dimension from Figure 3. The LCLS laser beam hits the bent Si(333) crystal and 5
9 diffracts at 90 degrees vertically to the scintillator on the detector screen as seen in Figure 5. Detector FEL Beam diffracted 90 degrees (in pink) Si(333) Crystal FEL Beam Diffractometer Figure 5. Representation of spectrometer test set up. The Si(333) crystal took the FEL beam to show proof of concept that a spectrometer can read seeded beam in the XCS. The purpose for the test was to show the XCS could use a modified Linac for seeding and measure its spectral properties. An example of a single seeded shot is shown in Figure 6. In contrast to Figure 1, seeded beam shows one spike, i.e. a specific wavelength without the noise of the SASE spectrum. The test successfully supported measurement of seeding as machine development continues to optimize modifying the beam for one spike. However, the 6
10 set up for the test spectrometer on the sample diffractometer was time consuming and took many attempts to get the correct position above the crystal. In addition, the set up was in open- air, which therefore absorbs more than half of the X- rays. Figure 6. Spectral representation of seeding. The image illustrates how SLAC s Linac is being developed for a specific and well- defined wavelength width in contrast to the chaotic SASE spectrum. To support machine development of seeding the XCS will use a permanent spectrometer to record and verify single spikes across a detector. Image Source: SLAC Today, August 13, 2012 Even though it worked well as a proof of concept that a spectrometer in the XCS could provide reliable information with the currently developed seeded beam, a more robust and permanent solution is definitely necessary for a permanent spectrometer. The conceptual design for a permanent inline spectrometer at XCS is comprised of a Helium filled plexiglass box with a curved top. The detector for the spectrometer will rotate about an arc of a given radius within the available space between the diffractometer and the existing X- ray components located upstream. Figure 7 shows the spectrometer design concept. 7
11 Figure 7. Conceptual design of the XCS spectrometer. A plexiglass box filled with Helium houses the thin bent Si(111) crystal that diffracts the FEL beam to a detector at nearly 90 degrees. The use of Helium, considerably reduces the X- ray absorption, as compared to air in the energy range of spectrometer operation. The detector rotates across an arc independent of the rotational axis of the crystal, which center coincides with the rotation axis θ of the crystal. The two boxes holding the χ- and θ- stages control the rotational axes and act as a goniometer aligning the crystal with the beam and the beam with the detector, as does the y- stage just below θ. The x- stage moves the crystal in and out of the beam path. A base will be mounted to a breadboard already attached to upstream component granite block to reduce any vibrations on the crystal. Next a bracket will mount the base holding the plexiglass box that houses the crystal and stages on top of what the detector rotates. CONCLUSION The XCS spectrometer test proved that reliable information could be obtained on the performances of the currently developed seeded beam scheme. The in- air test that borrowed the XCS diffractometer, however, does not provide a permanent nor a reliable and flexible solution supporting the operation of a spectrometer while providing user operation. Therefore, a permanent and robust transmissive spectrometer is necessary to record and verify the wavelength of the beam upstream of a sample. An engineering study showed there is the sufficient space for a spectrometer operating at energies from 7.5 to 10 kev. A conceptual design was realized. The 8
12 concept is to house the Si(111) crystal that will diffract the LCLS FEL beam at nearly 90 degrees to a detector mounted on a curved Helium filled plexiglass box. The detector will rotate about an arc using the allowable space between the sample diffractometer and other upstream components of the XCS Instrument. In order to diffract the beam as needed, four stages will be mounted with motors underneath the crystal in order to control the crystal s movement. The next step is to begin the detailed technical design of the spectrometer, which includes selecting components (i.e., size, range, resolution, weight, cost, lead time, interfaces) of the spectrometer as well as begin technical drawings. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my mentor Aymeric Robert for his time and support in my learning of the project and inclusion in many aspects of the XCS Instrument including a trip to the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne National Laboratory, IL) for detector testing. I would also like to thank Yiping Feng, Venkat Srinivasan, Marcin Sikorski, and Daniel Flath for their time and assistance in learning all the aspects necessary for a successful project design. I would like to thank the Department of Energy for funding this program and for everyone at the SLAC National Laboratory for being welcoming and helpful. Thank you to Stephen Rock, Maria Mastrokyriakos and Anita Piercy for all of the work they put into making the summer go smoothly. REFERENCES [1] Grübel G, Madsen A and Robert A 2008 X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy in Soft Matter Characterization, ed R Borsali and R Pecora (Heidelberg: Springer) chapter 18 pp [2] Stephenson G B, Grübel G and Robert A 2010 Nature Materials [3] Robert A, Curtis R, Flath D, Gray A, Sikorski M, Song S, Srinivasan V, Stefanescu D 2012 To be published [4] Zhu D et al A Single-Shot Transmissive Spectrometer for Hard X-ray Free Electron Lasers 9
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. Demonstration of Feasibility of X-Ray Free Electron Laser Studies of Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Entangled Polymer Melts
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Demonstration of Feasibility of X-Ray Free Electron Laser Studies of Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Entangled Polymer Melts Jerome Carnis 1, Wonsuk Cha 1, James Wingert 2, Jinback
More information4 FEL Physics. Technical Synopsis
4 FEL Physics Technical Synopsis This chapter presents an introduction to the Free Electron Laser (FEL) physics and the general requirements on the electron beam parameters in order to support FEL lasing
More informationCONCEPTUAL STUDY OF A SELF-SEEDING SCHEME AT FLASH2
CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF A SELF-SEEDING SCHEME AT FLASH2 T. Plath, L. L. Lazzarino, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany K. E. Hacker, T.U. Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany Abstract We present a conceptual study
More informationUsing Dynamic Quantum Clustering to Analyze Hierarchically Heterogeneous Samples on the Nanoscale. Allison Hume
Using Dynamic Quantum Clustering to Analyze Hierarchically Heterogeneous Samples on the Nanoscale Allison Hume Office of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) Princeton University
More informationX-Ray Emission Spectrometer Design with Single-Shot. Pump-Probe and Resonant Excitation Capabilities. Katherine Spoth
X-Ray Emission Spectrometer Design with Single-Shot Pump-Probe and Resonant Excitation Capabilities Katherine Spoth Office of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) State University
More informationRadiation Safety at LCLS: The Photon Beam s Maximum Capability and Material Damage Potential
SLAC-PUB-15708 August 2013 Radiation Safety at LCLS: The Photon Beam s Maximum Capability and Material Damage Potential J.M. Bauer *1, J.C. Liu 1, A.A. Prinz 2, and S.H. Rokni 1 1 Radiation Protection
More informationTwo-Stage Chirped-Beam SASE-FEL for High Power Femtosecond X-Ray Pulse Generation
Two-Stage Chirped-Beam SASE-FEL for High ower Femtosecond X-Ray ulse Generation C. Schroeder*, J. Arthur^,. Emma^, S. Reiche*, and C. ellegrini* ^ Stanford Linear Accelerator Center * UCLA 12-10-2001 LCLS-TAC
More informationThe MID instrument.
The MID instrument International Workshop on the Materials Imaging and Dynamics Instrument at the European XFEL Grenoble, Oct 28/29, 2009 Thomas Tschentscher thomas.tschentscher@xfel.eu Outline 2 History
More informationToward a single mode Free Electron Laser for coherent hard X-ray experiments
SLAC-PUB-15661 Toward a single mode Free Electron Laser for coherent hard X-ray experiments Sooheyong Lee 1,2,, Zhirong Huang 1, Yuantao Ding 1, Paul Emma 1, Wojciech Roseker 2, Gerhard Grübel 2 and Aymeric
More informationBrightness and Coherence of Synchrotron Radiation and Free Electron Lasers. Zhirong Huang SLAC, Stanford University May 13, 2013
Brightness and Coherence of Synchrotron Radiation and Free Electron Lasers Zhirong Huang SLAC, Stanford University May 13, 2013 Introduction GE synchrotron (1946) opened a new era of accelerator-based
More informationLinac Based Photon Sources: XFELS. Coherence Properties. J. B. Hastings. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Linac Based Photon Sources: XFELS Coherence Properties J. B. Hastings Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Coherent Synchrotron Radiation coherent power N 6 10 9 incoherent
More informationCheck the LCLS Project website to verify 2 of 6 that this is the correct version prior to use.
1. Introduction The XTOD Offset Systems are designed to spatially separate the useful FEL radiation from high-energy spontaneous radiation and Bremsstrahlung γ-rays. These unwanted radiations are generated
More informationBeamline practice at BL01B1 (XAFS) In-situ XAFS measurement of catalyst samples
Beamline practice at BL01B1 (XAFS) In-situ XAFS measurement of catalyst samples ver. 2015/09/18 T. Ina, K. Kato, T. Uruga (JASRI), P. Fons (AIST/JASRI) 1. Introduction The bending magnet beamline, BL01B1,
More informationVertical Polarization Option for LCLS-II. Abstract
SLAC National Accelerator Lab LCLS-II TN-5-8 March 5 Vertical Polarization Option for LCLS-II G. Marcus, T. Raubenheimer SLAC, Menlo Park, CA 95 G. Penn LBNL, Berkeley, CA 97 Abstract Vertically polarized
More informationFURTHER UNDERSTANDING THE LCLS INJECTOR EMITTANCE*
Proceedings of FEL014, Basel, Switzerland FURTHER UNDERSTANDING THE LCLS INJECTOR EMITTANCE* F. Zhou, K. Bane, Y. Ding, Z. Huang, and H. Loos, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA 9405, USA Abstract Coherent optical transition
More informationFlexible control of femtosecond pulse duration and separation using an emittance-spoiling foil in x-ray free-electron lasers
SLAC PUB 16312 June 2015 Flexible control of femtosecond pulse duration and separation using an emittance-spoiling foil in x-ray free-electron lasers Y. Ding 1, C. Behrens 2, R. Coffee 1, F.-J. Decker
More informationUltrafast Single-Shot X-Ray Emission Spectrometer Design. Katherine Spoth
Ultrafast Single-Shot X-Ray Emission Spectrometer Design Katherine Spoth O ce of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) State University of New York at Bu alo SLAC National Accelerator
More informationThe European XFEL in Hamburg: Status and beamlines design
UVX 2010 (2011) 63 67 DOI: 10.1051/uvx/2011009 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2011 The European XFEL in Hamburg: Status and beamlines design J. Gaudin, H. Sinn and Th. Tschentscher
More informationFree-electron laser SACLA and its basic. Yuji Otake, on behalf of the members of XFEL R&D division RIKEN SPring-8 Center
Free-electron laser SACLA and its basic Yuji Otake, on behalf of the members of XFEL R&D division RIKEN SPring-8 Center Light and Its Wavelength, Sizes of Material Virus Mosquito Protein Bacteria Atom
More informationAn Adventure in Marrying Laser Arts and Accelerator Technologies
An Adventure in Marrying Laser Arts and Accelerator Technologies Dao Xiang Beam Physics Dept, SLAC, Stanford University Feb-28-2012 An example sample Probe (electron) Pump (laser) Typical pump-probe experiment
More informationHigh Energy Upgrade: LCLS-II-HE High Repetition Rate Soft X-rays Hard X-rays
High Energy Upgrade: LCLS-II-HE High Repetition Rate Soft X-rays Hard X-rays Electronic & nuclear coupling Emergent properties Materials heterogeneity lattice spin charge orbital LCLS-II-HE provides: Ultrafast
More informationSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Persis S. Drell Director August 30, 2010
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Persis S. Drell Director August 30, 2010 SLAC Mission Explore the ultimate structure and dynamics of matter in the domains of energy, space and time at the smallest
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature10721 Experimental Methods The experiment was performed at the AMO scientific instrument 31 at the LCLS XFEL at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The nominal electron bunch charge
More informationFEL SIMULATION AND PERFORMANCE STUDIES FOR LCLS-II
FEL SIMULATION AND PERFORMANCE STUDIES FOR LCLS-II G. Marcus, Y. Ding, P. Emma, Z. Huang, T. Raubenheimer, L. Wang, J. Wu SLAC, Menlo Park, CA 9, USA Abstract The design and performance of the LCLS-II
More informationLecture 1 August 29
HASYLAB - Facility - Free Electron Laser (FEL) http://www-hasylab.desy.de/facility/fel/main.htm Page 1 of 1 8/23/2006 HASYLAB Facility Free Electron Laser Overview FLASH FLASH User Info Events Job Offers
More informationTransverse Coherence Properties of the LCLS X-ray Beam
LCLS-TN-06-13 Transverse Coherence Properties of the LCLS X-ray Beam S. Reiche, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA October 31, 2006 Abstract Self-amplifying spontaneous radiation free-electron lasers, such
More informationProgress Report on the LCLS XFEL at SLAC
Progress Report on the LCLS XFEL at SLAC L F DiMauro 1, J Arthur 2, N Berrah 3, J Bozek 2, J N Galayda 2 and J Hastings 2 1 The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, OH 43210 USA 2 Stanford
More informationPractical 1P4 Energy Levels and Band Gaps
Practical 1P4 Energy Levels and Band Gaps What you should learn from this practical Science This practical illustrates some of the points from the lecture course on Elementary Quantum Mechanics and Bonding
More informationSome Sample Calculations for the Far Field Harmonic Power and Angular Pattern in LCLS-1 and LCLS-2
Some Sample Calculations for the Far Field Harmonic Power and Angular Pattern in LCLS-1 and LCLS-2 W.M. Fawley February 2013 SLAC-PUB-15359 ABSTRACT Calculations with the GINGER FEL simulation code are
More informationThe Second Half Year 2017 PAL-XFEL Call for Proposals
The Second Half Year 2017 PAL-XFEL Call for Proposals Summary Information for Submitting Proposals We encourage scientists from all over the world to submit applications for beam time proposal to utilize
More informationPractical 1P4 Energy Levels and Band Gaps
Practical 1P4 Energy Levels and Band Gaps What you should learn from this practical Science This practical illustrates some of the points from the lecture course on Elementary Quantum Mechanics and Bonding
More informationGeneration and characterization of ultra-short electron and x-ray x pulses
Generation and characterization of ultra-short electron and x-ray x pulses Zhirong Huang (SLAC) Compact XFEL workshop July 19-20, 2010, Shanghai, China Ultra-bright Promise of XFELs Ultra-fast LCLS Methods
More informationCoherent X-ray Scattering and X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
Coherent X-ray Scattering and X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Laurence Lurio Department of Physics Northern Illinois University http://www.niu.edu/~llurio/coherence/ Outline Theory of X-ray Photon
More informationXRD endstation: condensed matter systems
XRD endstation: condensed matter systems Justine Schlappa SCS Instrument Beamline Scientist Hamburg, January 24, 2017 2 Outline Motivation Baseline XRD setup R&D setup Two-color operation and split&delay
More informationMaking Functional Surfaces and Thin Films: Where are the Atoms?
Making Functional Surfaces and Thin Films: Where are the Atoms? K. Ludwig, A. DeMasi, J. Davis and G. Erdem Department of Physics Materials Science and Engineering Program Why x-rays? λ ~10-10 m ~ distance
More informationAlignment Tools Used To Locate A Wire And A Laser Beam In The VISA Undulator Project
Alignment Tools Used To Locate A Wire And A Laser Beam In The VISA Undulator Project Z. Wolf,. uland, B. Dix, D. Arnett Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94309-0210 USA 1. INTODUCTION The
More informationBeam Echo Effect for Generation of Short Wavelength Radiation
Beam Echo Effect for Generation of Short Wavelength Radiation G. Stupakov SLAC NAL, Stanford, CA 94309 31st International FEL Conference 2009 Liverpool, UK, August 23-28, 2009 1/31 Outline of the talk
More informationUndulator radiation from electrons randomly distributed in a bunch
Undulator radiation from electrons randomly distributed in a bunch Normally z el >> N u 1 Chaotic light Spectral property is the same as that of a single electron /=1/N u Temporal phase space area z ~(/
More informationStrain, Stress and Cracks Klaus Attenkofer PV Reliability Workshop (Orlando) April 7-8, 2015
Strain, Stress and Cracks Klaus Attenkofer PV Reliability Workshop (Orlando) April 7-8, 2015 1 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Overview Material s response to applied forces or what to measure Definitions
More informationOpportunities and Challenges for X
Opportunities and Challenges for X -ray Free Electron Lasers for X-ray Ultrafast Science J. Hastings Stanford Linear Accelerator Center June 22, 2004 European XFEL Laboratory How Short is short? defined
More informationFLASH overview. Nikola Stojanovic. PIDID collaboration meeting, Hamburg,
FLASH overview Nikola Stojanovic PIDID collaboration meeting, Hamburg, 16.12.2011 Outline Overview of the FLASH facility Examples of research at FLASH Nikola Stojanovic PIDID: FLASH overview Hamburg, December
More informationThe Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS II) at SLAC
The Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS II) at SLAC Overview The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will be the world s first free-electron laser at Ångström wavelengths (XFEL). It will be the first high
More informationA two-oscillator echo enabled tunable soft x-rays
A two-oscillator echo enabled tunable soft x-rays FLS 2010 Workshop SLAC J.S. Wurtele Co workers: P. Gandhi, X.-W. Gu, G. Penn, A. Zholents R. R. Lindberg, K.-J. Kim 1. Overview of scheme 2. Walkthrough
More informationFemtosecond X-ray Pulse Temporal Characterization in Free-Electron Lasers Using a Transverse Deflector. Abstract
SLAC PUB 14534 September 2011 Femtosecond X-ray Pulse Temporal Characterization in Free-Electron Lasers Using a Transverse Deflector Y. Ding 1, C. Behrens 2, P. Emma 1, J. Frisch 1, Z. Huang 1, H. Loos
More informationIntroduction to electron and photon beam physics. Zhirong Huang SLAC and Stanford University
Introduction to electron and photon beam physics Zhirong Huang SLAC and Stanford University August 03, 2015 Lecture Plan Electron beams (1.5 hrs) Photon or radiation beams (1 hr) References: 1. J. D. Jackson,
More informationTime-resolved Diffuse Scattering: phonon spectoscopy with ultrafast x rays
Time-resolved Diffuse Scattering: phonon spectoscopy with ultrafast x rays David A. Reis PULSE Institute, Departments of Photon Science and Applied Physics, Stanford University SLAC National Accelerator
More informationCharacterization of an 800 nm SASE FEL at Saturation
Characterization of an 800 nm SASE FEL at Saturation A.Tremaine*, P. Frigola, A. Murokh, C. Pellegrini, S. Reiche, J. Rosenzweig UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, E. Johnson, R. Malone,
More informationX-ray Free-electron Lasers
X-ray Free-electron Lasers Ultra-fast Dynamic Imaging of Matter II Ischia, Italy, 4/30-5/3/ 2009 Claudio Pellegrini UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy Outline 1. Present status of X-ray free-electron
More informationExcitements and Challenges for Future Light Sources Based on X-Ray FELs
Excitements and Challenges for Future Light Sources Based on X-Ray FELs 26th ADVANCED ICFA BEAM DYNAMICS WORKSHOP ON NANOMETRE-SIZE COLLIDING BEAMS Kwang-Je Kim Argonne National Laboratory and The University
More informationElectron Linear Accelerators & Free-Electron Lasers
Electron Linear Accelerators & Free-Electron Lasers Bryant Garcia Wednesday, July 13 2016. SASS Summer Seminar Bryant Garcia Linacs & FELs 1 of 24 Light Sources Why? Synchrotron Radiation discovered in
More informationMeasuring magnetic hysteresis through the magneto-optical Kerr effect
Measuring magnetic hysteresis through the magneto-optical Kerr effect Alex Crawford Office of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship Program University of Utah, Salt Lake City Stanford Linear
More informationINNOVATIVE IDEAS FOR SINGLE-PASS FELS
doi:10.18429/jacow-ipac2014- Abstract INNOVATIVE IDEAS FOR SINGLE-PASS FELS Toru Hara #, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan SASE FELs (Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission Free-Electron Lasers) are a powerful
More informationRuby crystals and the first laser A spectroscopy experiment
Introduction: In this experiment you will be studying a ruby crystal using spectroscopy. Ruby is made from sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ) which has been doped with chromium ions, Cr(3+). There are three sets of
More informationUltrafast XPCS. Gerhard Grübel
. Ultrafast XPCS Gerhard Grübel W.Roseker, S. Lee, F. Lehmkühler, I. Steinke, H. Schulte-Schrepping, M. Walther, G.B. Stephenson, P. Fuoss, M. Sikorski, and A. Robert DESY Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron,
More informationNeutron Instruments I & II. Ken Andersen ESS Instruments Division
Neutron Instruments I & II ESS Instruments Division Neutron Instruments I & II Overview of source characteristics Bragg s Law Elastic scattering: diffractometers Continuous sources Pulsed sources Inelastic
More informationFLASH/DESY, Hamburg. Jörg Rossbach University of Hamburg & DESY, Germany - For the FLASH Team -
First Lasing below 7nm Wavelength at FLASH/DESY, Hamburg Jörg Rossbach University of Hamburg & DESY, Germany - For the FLASH Team - email: joerg.rossbach@desy.de FLASH: The first FEL user facility for
More informationX-Ray Spectroscopy at LCLS
LCLS proposal preparation workshop for experiments at XPP, June 21, 2008, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA ħω ħω e - X-Ray Spectroscopy at LCLS Uwe Bergmann SSRL Stanford Linear Accelerator Center bergmann@slac.stanford.edu
More informationIntroduction to FT-IR Spectroscopy
Introduction to FT-IR Spectroscopy An FT-IR Spectrometer is an instrument which acquires broadband NIR to FIR spectra. Unlike a dispersive instrument, i.e. grating monochromator or spectrograph, an FT-IR
More informationHiromitsu TOMIZAWA XFEL Division /SPring-8
TUPLB10 (Poster: TUPB080) Non-destructive Real-time Monitor to measure 3D- Bunch Charge Distribution with Arrival Timing to maximize 3D-overlapping for HHG-seeded EUV-FEL Hiromitsu TOMIZAWA XFEL Division
More informationAMO physics with LCLS
AMO physics with LCLS Phil Bucksbaum Director, Stanford PULSE Center SLAC Strong fields for x-rays LCLS experimental program Experimental capabilities End-station layout PULSE Ultrafast X-ray Summer June
More informationExcitements and Challenges for Future Light Sources Based on X-Ray FELs
Excitements and Challenges for Future Light Sources Based on X-Ray FELs 26th ADVANCED ICFA BEAM DYNAMICS WORKSHOP ON NANOMETRE-SIZE COLLIDING BEAMS Kwang-Je Kim Argonne National Laboratory and The University
More informationFemtosecond X-Ray Experiments
Femtosecond X-Ray Experiments Christian Bressler FXE Hamburg, January 25, 2017 FXE Workshop Dec 2016: Users overall very happy with implemented components 2 Scientific Instrument FXE The FXE scientific
More informationCoherence properties of the radiation from SASE FEL
CERN Accelerator School: Free Electron Lasers and Energy Recovery Linacs (FELs and ERLs), 31 May 10 June, 2016 Coherence properties of the radiation from SASE FEL M.V. Yurkov DESY, Hamburg I. Start-up
More informationThe Materials Imaging and Dynamics Instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (XFEL.EU)
The Materials Imaging and Dynamics Instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (XFEL.EU) May 25, 2012 Anders Madsen & Jörg Hallmann anders.madsen@xfel.eu The European XFEL. An underground
More informationObservation of Ultra-Wide Bandwidth SASE FEL
Observation of Ultra-Wide Bandwidth SASE FEL Gerard Andonian Particle Beam Physics Laboratory University of California Los Angeles The Physics and Applications of High Brightness Electron Beams Erice,
More informationResearch with Synchrotron Radiation. Part I
Research with Synchrotron Radiation Part I Ralf Röhlsberger Generation and properties of synchrotron radiation Radiation sources at DESY Synchrotron Radiation Sources at DESY DORIS III 38 beamlines XFEL
More informationSPARCLAB. Source For Plasma Accelerators and Radiation Compton. On behalf of SPARCLAB collaboration
SPARCLAB Source For Plasma Accelerators and Radiation Compton with Laser And Beam On behalf of SPARCLAB collaboration EMITTANCE X X X X X X X X 2 BRIGHTNESS (electrons) B n 2I nx ny A m 2 rad 2 The current
More informationCHEM*3440. Photon Energy Units. Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation. Chemical Instrumentation. Spectroscopic Experimental Concept.
Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation is light. Different energy light interacts with different motions in molecules. CHEM*344 Chemical Instrumentation Topic 7 Spectrometry Radiofrequency
More informationShort Pulse, Low charge Operation of the LCLS. Josef Frisch for the LCLS Commissioning Team
Short Pulse, Low charge Operation of the LCLS Josef Frisch for the LCLS Commissioning Team 1 Normal LCLS Parameters First Lasing in April 10, 2009 Beam to AMO experiment August 18 2009. Expect first user
More informationSpectroscopy with Free Electron Lasers. David Bernstein SASS Talk January 28 th, 2009
Spectroscopy with Free Electron Lasers David Bernstein SASS Talk January 28 th, 2009 Overview Who am I?! What is FLASH?! The promise of Free Electron Lasers (FELs) The Trouble with Spectroscopy Sample
More informationUltrafast Structural Dynamics in Solids Klaus Sokolowski-Tinten
Ultrafast Structural Dynamics in Solids Klaus Sokolowski-Tinten Institut für Experimentelle Physik STI Round-Table Meeting, Hamburg, 22. - 24. Juni 2004 Outline motivation: why short pulses and the XFEL
More informationBeamline Practice at BL02B2 (Powder diffraction)
Beamline Practice at BL02B2 (Powder diffraction) Rietveld Refinement using Synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction Data Shogo Kawaguchi, Bagautdin Bagautdinov, and Kunihisa Sugimoto (JASRI) 1. Introduction
More informationDevelopments for the FEL user facility
Developments for the FEL user facility J. Feldhaus HASYLAB at DESY, Hamburg, Germany Design and construction has started for the FEL user facility including the radiation transport to the experimental
More informationLCLS-II TN Hard X-ray Self-Seeding Impact of Crystal Imperfection on the Wake Fields
LCLS-II TN Hard X-ray Self-Seeding Impact of Crystal Imperfection on the Wake Fields LCLS-II TN-17-xx 8/12/17 Yiping Feng August 18, 2017 LCLSII-TN-17-xx L C L S - I I 1 T E C H N I C A L N O T E Overview
More informationSean Corum. Augustana College. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Menlo Park, CA. August 13,2002
SLAC-PUB -93 90 August 2002 Characterization of Ti:Sapphire Laser Rods for Installation in the Polarized Light Source Sean Corum Office of Science, Energy Research Undergraduate Laboratory Fellowship Augustana
More informationA Review of X-Ray Free Electron Laser Oscillator
A Review of X-Ray Free Electron Laser Oscillator ERL 2011 Kwang-Je Kim Argonne National Laboratory October 16-21, 2011 KEK Tsukuba Japan FEL Works for Hard X-rays! Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE)
More informationGas Based Detectors for FEL Photon Diagnostics.
Gas Based Detectors for FEL Photon Diagnostics. Kai Tiedtke Satellite Workshop on Photon Beam Diagnostics, 29 Jan. 2015 Outline. Intensity and Beam Position Monitor (GMD) @ FLASH Gas-Monitor-Detector for
More informationBecause light behaves like a wave, we can describe it in one of two ways by its wavelength or by its frequency.
Light We can use different terms to describe light: Color Wavelength Frequency Light is composed of electromagnetic waves that travel through some medium. The properties of the medium determine how light
More informationSkoog Chapter 6 Introduction to Spectrometric Methods
Skoog Chapter 6 Introduction to Spectrometric Methods General Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation (EM) Wave Properties of EM Quantum Mechanical Properties of EM Quantitative Aspects of Spectrochemical
More informationSSRL XAS Beam Lines Soft X-ray
SSRL SMB Summer School July 20, 2010 SSRL XAS Beam Lines Soft X-ray Thomas Rabedeau SSRL Beam Line Development Objective/Scope Objective - develop a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations
More informationRöntgenpraktikum. M. Oehzelt. (based on the diploma thesis of T. Haber [1])
Röntgenpraktikum M. Oehzelt (based on the diploma thesis of T. Haber [1]) October 21, 2004 Contents 1 Fundamentals 2 1.1 X-Ray Radiation......................... 2 1.1.1 Bremsstrahlung......................
More informationCommissioning of the new Injector Laser System for the Short Pulse Project at FLASH
Commissioning of the new Injector Laser System for the Short Pulse Project at FLASH Uni Hamburg tim.plath@desy.de 05.11.2013 Supported by BMBF under contract 05K10GU2 & FS FLASH 301 Motivation short pulses
More informationSASE FEL PULSE DURATION ANALYSIS FROM SPECTRAL CORRELATION FUNCTION
SASE FEL PULSE DURATION ANALYSIS FROM SPECTRAL CORRELATION FUNCTION Shanghai, 4. August. Alberto Lutman Jacek Krzywinski, Yuantao Ding, Yiping Feng, Juhao Wu, Zhirong Huang, Marc Messerschmidt X-ray pulse
More informationPart V Undulators for Free Electron Lasers
Part V Undulators for Free Electron Lasers Pascal ELLEAUME European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble V, 1/22, P. Elleaume, CAS, Brunnen July 2-9, 2003. Oscillator-type Free Electron Laser V, 2/22,
More informationPresent Capabilities and Future Concepts for Intense THz from SLAC Accelerators
Present Capabilities and Future Concepts for Intense THz from SLAC Accelerators Alan Fisher SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Frontiers of Terahertz Science SLAC 2012 September 6 1 THz from an Accelerated
More informationFEL WG: Summary. SLAC National Accelerator Lab. Kwang-Je Kim (Part I, Mo-Tu) Joe Bisognano (Part II, Th) Future Light Source WS 2010: FEL WG
FEL WG: Summary Kwang-Je Kim (Part I, Mo-Tu) Joe Bisognano (Part II, Th) Future Light Source WS 2010: FEL WG March 1-5, 2010 SLAC National Accelerator Lab Menlo Park, CA The submitted manuscript has been
More informationGenerating intense attosecond x-ray pulses using ultraviolet-laser-induced microbunching in electron beams. Abstract
Febrary 2009 SLAC-PUB-13533 Generating intense attosecond x-ray pulses using ultraviolet-laser-induced microbunching in electron beams D. Xiang, Z. Huang and G. Stupakov SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory,
More informationFree Electron Laser. Project report: Synchrotron radiation. Sadaf Jamil Rana
Free Electron Laser Project report: Synchrotron radiation By Sadaf Jamil Rana History of Free-Electron Laser (FEL) The FEL is the result of many years of theoretical and experimental work on the generation
More informationTime-Resolved and Momentum-Resolved Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering on Strongly Correlated Systems
Time-Resolved and Momentum-Resolved Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering on Strongly Correlated Systems Wei-Sheng Lee Stanford Institute of Material and Energy Science (SIMES) SLAC & Stanford University Collaborators
More informationObservation of Coherent Optical Transition Radiation in the LCLS Linac
Observation of Coherent Optical Transition Radiation in the LCLS Linac Henrik Loos, Ron Akre, Franz-Josef Decker, Yuantao Ding, David Dowell, Paul Emma,, Sasha Gilevich, Gregory R. Hays, Philippe Hering,
More informationModel Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy
Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Section I Q1. Answer (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (c) (iv) (c) (v) (a) (vi) (b) (vii) (b) (viii) (a) (ix)
More informationUltra-narrow-band tunable laserline notch filter
Appl Phys B (2009) 95: 597 601 DOI 10.1007/s00340-009-3447-6 Ultra-narrow-band tunable laserline notch filter C. Moser F. Havermeyer Received: 5 December 2008 / Revised version: 2 February 2009 / Published
More informationNEW CORRECTION PROCEDURE FOR X-RAY SPECTROSCOPIC FLUORESCENCE DATA: SIMULATIONS AND EXPERIMENT
Copyright JCPDS - International Centre for Diffraction Data 2005, Advances in X-ray Analysis, Volume 48. 266 NEW CORRECTION PROCEDURE FOR X-RAY SPECTROSCOPIC FLUORESCENCE DATA: SIMULATIONS AND EXPERIMENT
More informationAn Introduction to Diffraction and Scattering. School of Chemistry The University of Sydney
An Introduction to Diffraction and Scattering Brendan J. Kennedy School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 1) Strong forces 2) Weak forces Types of Forces 3) Electromagnetic forces 4) Gravity Types
More informationThe VISA II Experiment
The VISA II Experiment A study in electron beam dynamics and high gain, ultra short pulses in SASE FEL. Gerard Andonian UCLA PBPL Seminar Series July 21, 2004 Some Acronyms Definitions of some of the terms
More informationHarmonic Lasing Self-Seeded FEL
Harmonic Lasing Self-Seeded FEL E. Schneidmiller and M. Yurkov FEL seminar, DESY Hamburg June 21, 2016 In a planar undulator (K ~ 1 or K >1) the odd harmonics can be radiated on-axis (widely used in SR
More informationSLS Symposium on X-Ray Instrumentation
SLS Symposium on X-Ray Instrumentation Tuesday, December 7, 2010 10:00 to 12:15, WBGB/019 10:00 The optics layout of the PEARL beamline P. Oberta, U. Flechsig and M. Muntwiler 10:30 Instrumentation for
More informationLaserphysik. Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu. Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik
Laserphysik Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik Contact: yong.lei@tu-ilmenau.de; yang.xu@tu-ilmenau.de Office: Heisenbergbau V 202, Unterpörlitzer Straße
More informationX-TOD Update. Facility Advisory Committee Photon Breakout Session. October 30, 2007
XTOD Update Facility Advisory Committee Photon Breakout Session LCLS Layout Linac Undulator Hall FEE (Front-End-Enclosure) Diagnostics SOMS HOMS X-Ray Tunnel FEH (Far Experimental Hall) NEH (Near Experimental
More informationWhat have we learned from the LCLS injector?*
SLAC-PUB-14644 LCLS-TN-11-4 October 19, 2011 What have we learned from the LCLS injector?* Feng Zhou and Axel Brachmann for the LCLS injector team The LCLS injector reliably delivered a high quality electron
More information