Polarimetry. Dave McConnell, CASS Radio Astronomy School, Narrabri 30 September kpc. 8.5 GHz B-vectors Perley & Carilli (1996)
|
|
- Marjorie Walker
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 8.5 GHz B-vectors Perley & Carilli (1996) 10 kpc Polarimetry Dave McConnell, CASS Radio Astronomy School, Narrabri 30 September
2 Electro-magnetic waves are polarized E H S = c/4π (E H) S E/M waves have direction, amplitude, frequency and polarization Poynting vector S = c/4π (E H) 2
3 Outline of lecture Polarization - what is it? How is it described Origins of polarized light How is it important to astrophysics How is it measured 3
4 Polarized waves: linear 4
5 Polarized waves: linear 4
6 ... at any angle ψ ψ 5
7 or Circular - LCP, RCP Right 6
8 or Circular - LCP, RCP Right 6
9 or Circular - LCP, RCP Right 6
10 or Circular - LCP, RCP Left Right 6
11 IEEE Standard 211, 1969 IAU resolution,
12 Linear as sum of circulars 8
13 Linear as sum of circulars 8
14 Other combinations The sum of two circular waves of unequal amplitude will have elliptical polarization. The sum of two orthogonal linears with phase difference 0 < δ < π/2 will also have elliptical polarization. 9
15 Polarization ellipse y Ex tan α = Ey / Ex η ξ tan 2ψ = tan 2α cos δ χ α ψ Ey x sin 2 χ = sin 2α sin δ ψ is the position angle χ is the ellipticity 10
16 Stokes description Defined by George Stokes in 1852 Adopted for astronomy by Chandrasehkar (1949) in the solution of radiative transfer problems. 11
17 Stokes parameters For monochromatic waves I : total intensity Q : linear U : linear V : circular I2 = Q 2 + U 2 + V 2 12
18 Stokes parameters For monochromatic waves I : total intensity Q : linear U : linear V : circular I2 = Q 2 + U 2 + V 2 12
19 Linear: Q and U > 0 > 0 < 0 < 0 Q (U = 0) U (Q = 0) 13
20 Linear: Q and U Q > 0 U > 0 U < 0 Q < 0 Q < 0 Q > 0 U < 0 U > 0 Q < 0 U > 0 14
21 The Poincaré sphere 15
22 The Poincaré sphere 15
23 Partial polarization Two monochromatic signals summed: different frequencies different polarization ellipses 16
24 Partial polarization Two monochromatic signals summed: different frequencies different polarization ellipses 16
25 Pancharatnam s extension V S -U Q -Q U Radius represents I S = (Q,U,V) S I Unpolarized radiation (I - S) at centre. -V 17
26 Stokes parameters For finite bandwidth radiation I : total intensity Q : linear U : linear V : circular I 2 Q 2 + U 2 + V 2 18
27 Polarized light 19
28 Polarized light Loss of symmetry 19
29 Polarized light Loss of symmetry Polarized radiation 19
30 Polarized light Loss of symmetry Polarized radiation Polarization-dependent propagation reflection scattering birefringence 19
31 Scattering Light from the day time sky is sun light Rayleigh scattered by molecules in the atmosphere. Sky light is polarized, maximally at 90 degrees to the sun. The CMB is expected to be partially polarized because of Thompson scattering 20
32 Birefringence Birefringence occurs when light passes through anisotropic material whose refractive index differs for the two polarization modes. Linear modes birefringent Circular modes birefringent 21
33 Zeeman 22
34 Synchrotron - + a 23
35 Synchrotron - + a - a 23
36 Synchrotron - + a - + B a 23
37 Faraday rotation 24
38 Faraday rotation Magnetised plasmas are birefringent: the two circular modes have refractive index dependent on the parallel component of the magnetic field, the electron density, and the wave frequency. The relative phase of the two modes changes along the propagation path, and so does the position angle ψ of the resultant linearly polarized radiation. ψ = RM λ 2 24
39 Faraday rotation Magnetised plasmas are birefringent: the two circular modes have refractive index dependent on the parallel component of the magnetic field, the electron density, and the wave frequency. The relative phase of the two modes changes along the propagation path, and so does the position angle ψ of the resultant linearly polarized radiation. ψ = RM λ 2 24
40 How is it measured? 25
41 How is it measured? Measures Ey Measures Ex 25
42 How is it measured? Measures Ey Measures Ex 25
43 How is it measured? Measures Ey Measures Ex 25
44 Imaging I, Q, U and V are equivalent for aperture synthesis imaging, but for the possibility (certainty) of negative Q, U, V. We can define and measure visibilities for each of the Stokes quantities: for antennas p and q : E x2 E xp E xq, E x E y E xp E yq, etc 26
45 Mars at 22GHz credit: Myers/Perley, NRAO 27
46 Mars at 22GHz Q U credit: Myers/Perley, NRAO 27
47 Why is it so difficult? Depolarization leads to weak signals Conceptual difficulties - it is complicated Instrumental effects can be significant and difficult to separate from the signal 28
48 Instrumental imperfections Leakage - a little E x detected in y-feed,... phase errors (in general, complex gain variations) polarization response varies within the beam 29
49 Jones calculus v x v y Rec 30
50 Jones calculus v x v y Rec 30
51 Mueller calculus Measured visibilities Correlate Rec Rec = 4 x 4 matrix 31
52 References Radhakrishnan. Polarisation. URSI proceedings (1990) pp. 34 Hamaker et al. Understanding radio polarimetry. I. Mathematical foundations. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement (1996) vol. 117 pp. 137 Sault et al. Understanding radio polarimetry. II. Instrumental calibration of an interferometer array. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement (1996) vol. 117 pp. 149 Hamaker et al. Understanding radio polarimetry. III. Interpreting the IAU/ IEEE definitions of the Stokes parameters. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement (1996) vol. 117 pp. 161 Heiles et al. Mueller Matrix Parameters for Radio Telescopes and Their Observational Determination. The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2001) vol. 113 pp Born and Wolf: Principle of Optics, Chapters 1 and 10 Presentations from previous Synthesis Schools (Ohja, 2003; Perley
53 Polarisation a tutorial by V. Radhakrishnan 33
Polarization in Interferometry. Ramprasad Rao (ASIAA)
Polarization in Interferometry Ramprasad Rao (ASIAA) W M A Q We Must Ask Questions Outline Polarization in Astronomical Sources Polarization Physics & Mathematics Antenna Response Interferometer Response
More informationPolarization in Interferometry
Polarization in Interferometry Rick Perley (NRAO-Socorro) Fourth INPE Advanced Course on Astrophysics: Radio Astronomy in the 21 st Century My Apologies, Up Front This lecture contains some difficult material.
More informationDescription. Polarization can be described several other ways
Polarization If there are magnetic fields ( Synchrotron, Cyclotron...) involved we can get a preferred direction of radiation - polarization We normally use Stokes parameters to show thes (I,Q,U,V) -total
More informationBrewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Lecture 4: Polarization Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Brewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection 3 Descriptions of Polarized Light 4 Polarizers 5 Retarders Christoph U. Keller, Utrecht
More informationBrewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Lecture 5: Polarization Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Brewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection 3 Descriptions of Polarized Light 4 Polarizers 5 Retarders Christoph U. Keller, Leiden University,
More informationTypical anisotropies introduced by geometry (not everything is spherically symmetric) temperature gradients magnetic fields electrical fields
Lecture 6: Polarimetry 1 Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Fundamentals of Polarized Light 3 Descriptions of Polarized Light Polarized Light in the Universe Polarization indicates anisotropy
More informationLecture 5: Polarization. Polarized Light in the Universe. Descriptions of Polarized Light. Polarizers. Retarders. Outline
Lecture 5: Polarization Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Descriptions of Polarized Light 3 Polarizers 4 Retarders Christoph U. Keller, Leiden University, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl ATI 2016,
More information3.4 Elliptical Parameters of the Polarization Ellipse References
Contents Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition A Historical Note Edward Collett iii v xiii PART 1: THE CLASSICAL OPTICAL FIELD Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Introduction
More informationPolarized Light. Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. Dennis Goldstein Air Force Research Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, U.S.A.
Polarized Light Second Edition, Revised and Expanded Dennis Goldstein Air Force Research Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, U.S.A. ш DEK KER MARCEL DEKKER, INC. NEW YORK BASEL Contents Preface to
More informationLecture 8: Polarimetry 2. Polarizers and Retarders. Polarimeters. Scattering Polarization. Zeeman Effect. Outline
Lecture 8: Polarimetry 2 Outline 1 Polarizers and Retarders 2 Polarimeters 3 Scattering Polarization 4 Zeeman Effect Christoph U. Keller, Utrecht University, C.U.Keller@uu.nl Observational Astrophysics
More informationPMARIZED LI6HT FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS EBWABD COLLETT. Measurement Concepts, Inc. Colts Neck, New Jersey
PMARIZED LI6HT FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS EBWABD COLLETT Measurement Concepts, Inc. Colts Neck, New Jersey Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York Basel Hong Kong About the Series Preface A Historical Note iii
More informationPolarimetry in the E-ELT era. Polarized Light in the Universe. Descriptions of Polarized Light. Polarizers. Retarders. Fundamentals of Polarized Light
Polarimetry in the E-ELT era Fundamentals of Polarized Light 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Descriptions of Polarized Light 3 Polarizers 4 Retarders Christoph U. Keller, Leiden University, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl
More informationP lar metry. Roopesh Ojha. Synthesis Imaging School Narrabri. May 14th, 2003
P lar metry Roopesh Ojha Synthesis Imaging School Narrabri May 14th, 2003 Overview What is Polarisation? Milestones of polarimetry How is it described? How is it measured? What is its role in Astronomy
More informationAn Introduction to Radio Astronomy
An Introduction to Radio Astronomy Bernard F. Burke Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Francis Graham-Smith Jodrell Bank, University of Manchester CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface Acknowledgements
More informationLecture 4: Polarimetry 2. Polarizers and Retarders. Polarimeters. Scattering Polarization. Zeeman Effect. Outline
Lecture 4: Polarimetry 2 Outline 1 Polarizers and Retarders 2 Polarimeters 3 Scattering Polarization 4 Zeeman Effect Christoph U. Keller, Utrecht University, C.U.Keller@uu.nl Observational Astrophysics
More informationPolarimetry with Phased-Array Feeds
Polarimetry with Phased-Array Feeds Bruce Veidt Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics National Research Council of Canada Penticton, British Columbia, Canada Provo,
More informationLecture 11: Polarized Light. Fundamentals of Polarized Light. Descriptions of Polarized Light. Scattering Polarization. Zeeman Effect.
Lecture 11: Polarized Light Outline 1 Fundamentals of Polarized Light 2 Descriptions of Polarized Light 3 Scattering Polarization 4 Zeeman Effect 5 Hanle Effect Fundamentals of Polarized Light Electromagnetic
More informationChapter 4: Polarization of light
Chapter 4: Polarization of light 1 Preliminaries and definitions B E Plane-wave approximation: E(r,t) ) and B(r,t) are uniform in the plane ^ k We will say that light polarization vector is along E(r,t)
More informationAn Introduction to Radio Astronomy
An Introduction to Radio Astronomy Second edition Bernard F. Burke and Francis Graham-Smith CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface to the second edition page x 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The role of radio
More informationPolarized and unpolarised transverse waves, with applications to optical systems
2/16/17 Electromagnetic Processes In Dispersive Media, Lecture 6 1 Polarized and unpolarised transverse waves, with applications to optical systems T. Johnson 2/16/17 Electromagnetic Processes In Dispersive
More informationP457: Wave Polarisation and Stokes Parameters
P457: Wave Polarisation and Stokes Parameters 1 Wave Polarisation Electromagnetic waves are transverse, meaning that their oscillations are perpendicular to their direction of propagation. If the wave
More informationUnderstanding radio polarimetry. III. Interpreting the IAU/IEEE definitions of the Stokes parameters
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS MAY II 1996, PAGE 161 SUPPLEMENT SERIES Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 117, 161-165 (1996) Understanding radio polarimetry. III. Interpreting the IAU/IEEE definitions of the Stokes
More informationOptics and Optical Design. Chapter 6: Polarization Optics. Lectures 11-13
Optics and Optical Design Chapter 6: Polarization Optics Lectures 11-13 Cord Arnold / Anne L Huillier Polarization of Light Arbitrary wave vs. paraxial wave One component in x-direction y x z Components
More informationPolarization. Polarization. Physics Waves & Oscillations 4/3/2016. Spring 2016 Semester Matthew Jones. Two problems to be considered today:
4/3/26 Physics 422 Waves & Oscillations Lecture 34 Polarization of Light Spring 26 Semester Matthew Jones Polarization (,)= cos (,)= cos + Unpolarizedlight: Random,, Linear polarization: =,± Circular polarization:
More informationRadiative Processes in Astrophysics. Radio Polarization
Radiative Processes in Astrophysics. Radio Polarization Cormac Reynolds May 24, 2010 Radio Polarization Topics Description of the polarized state Stokes parameters. (TMS 4.8) Why are radio sources polarized?
More informationLecture 6: Polarimetry 2. Polarizers and Retarders. Polarimeters. Scattering Polarization. Zeeman Effect. Hanle Effect. Outline
Lecture 6: Polarimetry 2 Outline 1 Polarizers and Retarders 2 Polarimeters 3 Scattering Polarization 4 Zeeman Effect 5 Hanle Effect Christoph U. Keller, Utrecht University, C.U.Keller@uu.nl Solar Physics,
More informationDeconvolving Primary Beam Patterns from SKA Images
SKA memo 103, 14 aug 2008 Deconvolving Primary Beam Patterns from SKA Images Melvyn Wright & Stuartt Corder University of California, Berkeley, & Caltech, Pasadena, CA. ABSTRACT In this memo we present
More informationInterferometry of Solar System Objects
Interferometry of Solar System Objects Bryan Butler National Radio Astronomy Observatory Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Expanded Very Large Array Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope Very
More informationEVLA Memo 177 Polarimetric calibration and dynamic range issues
EVLA Memo 177 Polarimetric calibration and dynamic range issues R.J. Sault, Rick Perley April 3, 2014 Introduction This memo considers some dynamic range issues resulting from limitations in the polarimetric
More informationChapter 1 - The Nature of Light
David J. Starling Penn State Hazleton PHYS 214 Electromagnetic radiation comes in many forms, differing only in wavelength, frequency or energy. Electromagnetic radiation comes in many forms, differing
More informationChap. 2. Polarization of Optical Waves
Chap. 2. Polarization of Optical Waves 2.1 Polarization States - Direction of the Electric Field Vector : r E = E xˆ + E yˆ E x x y ( ω t kz + ϕ ), E = E ( ωt kz + ϕ ) = E cos 0 x cos x y 0 y - Role :
More informationOptics and Optical Design. Chapter 6: Polarization Optics. Lectures 11 13
Optics and Optical Design Chapter 6: Polarization Optics Lectures 11 13 Cord Arnold / Anne L Huillier Polarization of Light Arbitrary wave vs. paraxial wave One component in x direction y x z Components
More informationPolarimetry Techniques. K. Sankarasubramanian ISRO Satellite Centre Bangalore India
Polarimetry Techniques K. Sankarasubramanian ISRO Satellite Centre Bangalore sankark@isac.gov.in Outline Introduction Why Polarimetry? Requirements Polarization Basics Stokes Parameters & Mueller Matrices
More informationIntroduction to Polarization
Phone: Ext 659, E-mail: hcchui@mail.ncku.edu.tw Fall/007 Introduction to Polarization Text Book: A Yariv and P Yeh, Photonics, Oxford (007) 1.6 Polarization States and Representations (Stokes Parameters
More informationLecture 13 Interstellar Magnetic Fields
Lecture 13 Interstellar Magnetic Fields 1. Introduction. Synchrotron radiation 3. Faraday rotation 4. Zeeman effect 5. Polarization of starlight 6. Summary of results References Zweibel & Heiles, Nature
More informationSolar System Objects. Bryan Butler National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Solar System Objects Bryan Butler National Radio Astronomy Observatory Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Expanded Very Large Array Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope Very Long Baseline Array
More informationSome emission processes are intrinsically polarised e.g. synchrotron radiation.
Polarisation Some emission processes are intrinsically polarised e.g. synchrotron radiation. B e linearly polarised emission circularly polarised emission Scattering processes can either increase or decrease
More information17. Jones Matrices & Mueller Matrices
7. Jones Matrices & Mueller Matrices Jones Matrices Rotation of coordinates - the rotation matrix Stokes Parameters and unpolarized light Mueller Matrices R. Clark Jones (96-24) Sir George G. Stokes (89-93)
More informationChap. 4. Electromagnetic Propagation in Anisotropic Media
Chap. 4. Electromagnetic Propagation in Anisotropic Media - Optical properties depend on the direction of propagation and the polarization of the light. - Crystals such as calcite, quartz, KDP, and liquid
More informationJones calculus for optical system
2/14/17 Electromagnetic Processes In Dispersive Media, Lecture 6 1 Jones calculus for optical system T. Johnson Key concepts in the course so far What is meant by an electro-magnetic response? What characterises
More informationASKAP. and phased array feeds in astronomy. David McConnell CASS: ASKAP Commissioning and Early Science 16 November 2017
ASKAP and phased array feeds in astronomy David McConnell CASS: ASKAP Commissioning and Early Science 16 November 2017 Image credit: Alex Cherney / terrastro.com 1 Credits ASKAP Commissioning & Early Science
More informationTemperature Scales and Telescope Efficiencies
Temperature Scales and Telescope Efficiencies Jeff Mangum (NRAO) April 11, 2006 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Definitions 1 2.1 General Terms.................................. 2 2.2 Efficiencies....................................
More informationPOLARIZATION AND POLARIMETRY: A REVIEW
Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society http://dx.doi.org/10.5303/jkas.2014.47.1.15 47: 15 39, 2014 February ISSN:1225-4614 c 2014 The Korean Astronomical Society. All Rights Reserved. http://jkas.kas.org
More informationChapter 9 - Polarization
Chapter 9 - Polarization Gabriel Popescu University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Beckman Institute Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory http://light.ece.uiuc.edu Principles of Optical Imaging Electrical
More informationSwinburne Research Bank
Swinburne Research Bank http://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au van Straten, W., Manchester, R. N.., & Johnston, S. 2010. PSRCHIVE and PSRFITS: definition of the Stokes parameters and instrumental basis conventions.
More informationUE SPM-PHY-S Polarization Optics
UE SPM-PHY-S07-101 Polarization Optics N. Fressengeas Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes Unité de Recherche commune à l Université Paul Verlaine Metz et à Supélec Document à télécharger
More informationPRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS C. A. Bennett University of North Carolina At Asheville WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS Preface 1 The Physics of Waves 1 1.1 Introduction
More informationLecture 4: Anisotropic Media. Dichroism. Optical Activity. Faraday Effect in Transparent Media. Stress Birefringence. Form Birefringence
Lecture 4: Anisotropic Media Outline Dichroism Optical Activity 3 Faraday Effect in Transparent Media 4 Stress Birefringence 5 Form Birefringence 6 Electro-Optics Dichroism some materials exhibit different
More information43 and 86 GHz VLBI Polarimetry of 3C Adrienne Hunacek, MIT Mentor Jody Attridge MIT Haystack Observatory August 12 th, 2004
43 and 86 GHz VLBI Polarimetry of 3C454.3 Adrienne Hunacek, MIT Mentor Jody Attridge MIT Haystack Observatory August 12 th, 2004 Introduction Quasars subclass subclass of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) Extremely
More informationlinear polarization: the electric field is oriented in a single direction circular polarization: the electric field vector rotates
Chapter 8 Polarimetry 8.1 Description of polarized radiation The polarization of electromagnetic radiation is described by the orientation of the wave s electric field vector. There are two different cases
More informationANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION Electromagnetic Waves and Their Propagation Through the Atmosphere ELECTRIC FIELD An Electric field exists in the presence of a charged body ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY (E) A
More informationLecture 9: Indirect Imaging 2. Two-Element Interferometer. Van Cittert-Zernike Theorem. Aperture Synthesis Imaging. Outline
Lecture 9: Indirect Imaging 2 Outline 1 Two-Element Interferometer 2 Van Cittert-Zernike Theorem 3 Aperture Synthesis Imaging Cygnus A at 6 cm Image courtesy of NRAO/AUI Very Large Array (VLA), New Mexico,
More informationThe data model. Panos Labropoulos. Kapteyn Instituut
The data model Panos Labropoulos " Challenges The actual 21-cm signal is several times weaker than the foregrounds and sits below the telescope noise Foregrounds: galactic and extragalactic (polarization?)
More informationPseudocontinuum Polarimetry with the GBT Brian S. Mason v.1 31may07 v.2 03sep07. Abstract
Pseudocontinuum Polarimetry with the GBT Brian S. Mason v.1 31may07 v.2 03sep07 Abstract We outline a simple method for calibrating correlation polarimetric data from the GBT spectrometer, and describe
More informationCROSSCORRELATION SPECTROPOLARIMETRY IN SINGLE-DISH RADIO ASTRONOMY
CROSSCORRELATION SPECTROPOLARIMETRY IN SINGLE-DISH RADIO ASTRONOMY Carl Heiles Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411; cheiles@astron.berkeley.edu ABSTRACT Modern digital
More informationQuarter wave plates and Jones calculus for optical system
2/11/16 Electromagnetic Processes In Dispersive Media, Lecture 6 1 Quarter wave plates and Jones calculus for optical system T. Johnson 2/11/16 Electromagnetic Processes In Dispersive Media, Lecture 6
More informationVLBA Imaging of the Blazar, J
VLBA Imaging of the Blazar, J08053+6144 Daniel Zirzow Jeffrey Karle Joe Craig May 11, 2009 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Calibration of VLBA Data 3 3 Imaging J08053+6144 at 5 GHz & 15 GHz 4 4 Model Fitting
More information16. More About Polarization
16. More About Polarization Polarization control Wave plates Circular polarizers Reflection & polarization Scattering & polarization Birefringent materials have more than one refractive index A special
More information: Imaging Systems Laboratory II. Laboratory 6: The Polarization of Light April 16 & 18, 2002
151-232: Imaging Systems Laboratory II Laboratory 6: The Polarization of Light April 16 & 18, 22 Abstract. In this lab, we will investigate linear and circular polarization of light. Linearly polarized
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.co] 4 Dec 2010
Spectropolarimetry with the Allen Telescope Array: Faraday Rotation toward Bright Polarized Radio Galaxies arxiv:1012.0945v1 [astro-ph.co] 4 Dec 2010 C. J. Law 1, B. M. Gaensler 2, G. C. Bower 1, D. C.
More informationChap. 5. Jones Calculus and Its Application to Birefringent Optical Systems
Chap. 5. Jones Calculus and Its Application to Birefringent Optical Systems - The overall optical transmission through many optical components such as polarizers, EO modulators, filters, retardation plates.
More informationFIRST YEAR PHYSICS. Unit 4: Light II
FIRST YEAR PHYSICS Unit 4: Light II Contents PHASORS...3 RESOLUTION OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS...5 Rayleigh s criterion... 7 MORE ON DIFFRACTION...11 Multiple slits:... 11 Diffraction gratings... 14 X-RAY
More informationSatellite Remote Sensing SIO 135/SIO 236. Electromagnetic Radiation and Polarization
Satellite Remote Sensing SIO 135/SIO 236 Electromagnetic Radiation and Polarization 1 Electromagnetic Radiation The first requirement for remote sensing is to have an energy source to illuminate the target.
More informationMulti-frequency polarimetry of a complete sample of faint PACO sources. INAF-IRA (Bologna)
Multi-frequency polarimetry of a complete sample of faint PACO sources. Vincenzo Galluzzi Marcella Massardi DiFA (University of Bologna) INAF-IRA (Bologna) INAF-IRA & Italian ARC The state-of-the-art The
More informationPolarizers and Retarders
Phys 531 Lecture 20 11 November 2004 Polarizers and Retarders Last time, discussed basics of polarization Linear, circular, elliptical states Describe by polarization vector ĵ Today: Describe elements
More informationSpecifying Polarisation Properties For Radio Telescopes
Specifying Polarisation Properties For Radio Telescopes Bruce Veidt NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, Penticton, BC, Canada PAF Workshop, Sydney, 14 16 November 2017 Outline Motivation: Polarised
More informationFUNDAMENTALS OF POLARIZED LIGHT
FUNDAMENTALS OF POLARIZED LIGHT A STATISTICAL OPTICS APPROACH Christian Brosseau University of Brest, France A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York - Chichester. Weinheim. Brisbane
More informationA New Limit on CMB Circular Polarization from SPIDER Johanna Nagy for the SPIDER collaboration arxiv: Published in ApJ
A New Limit on CMB Circular Polarization from SPIDER Johanna Nagy for the SPIDER collaboration arxiv: 1704.00215 Published in ApJ TeVPA 2017 Stokes Parameters Plane wave traveling in the z direction Stokes
More informationSensitivity. Bob Zavala US Naval Observatory. Outline
Sensitivity Bob Zavala US Naval Observatory Tenth Synthesis Imaging Summer School University of New Mexico, June 13-20, 2006 Outline 2 What is Sensitivity? Antenna Performance Measures Interferometer Sensitivity
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.im] 20 Jun 2017
Draft version July 21, 2018 Typeset using L A TEX preprint style in AASTeX61 CALIBRATION ERRORS IN INTERFEROMETRIC RADIO POLARIMETRY Christopher A. Hales1, 2, arxiv:1706.06612v1 [astro-ph.im] 20 Jun 2017
More informationOptics of Liquid Crystal Displays
Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays Second Edition POCHIYEH CLAIRE GU WILEY A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Contents Preface Preface to the First Edition xiii xv Chapter 1. Preliminaries 1 1.1. Basic
More informationOPTI 501, Electromagnetic Waves (3)
OPTI 501, Electromagnetic Waves (3) Vector fields, Maxwell s equations, electromagnetic field energy, wave equations, free-space solutions, box modes, Fresnel equations, scalar and vector potentials, gauge
More informationJones vector & matrices
Jones vector & matrices Department of Physics 1 Matrix treatment of polarization Consider a light ray with an instantaneous E-vector as shown y E k, t = xe x (k, t) + ye y k, t E y E x x E x = E 0x e i
More informationMUDRA PHYSICAL SCIENCES
MUDRA PHYSICAL SCIENCES VOLUME- PART B & C MODEL QUESTION BANK FOR THE TOPICS:. Electromagnetic Theory UNIT-I UNIT-II 7 4. Quantum Physics & Application UNIT-I 8 UNIT-II 97 (MCQs) Part B & C Vol- . Electromagnetic
More informationCircular polarization in comets: calibration of measurements
Circular polarization in comets: calibration of measurements Vera Rosenbush, Nikolai Kiselev Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, rosevera@mao.kiev.ua Kyiv 1 Outline
More informationSolar System Objects. Bryan Butler NRAO. Planetary Radio Astronomy. Solar System Bodies. Why Interferometry? A Bit of History. 45% - Extragalactic
Solar System Objects Bryan Butler NRAO )+*, -/.0 1 24365 7-'*80 1 9436285;:6< 5= 3>
More informationRadiative Transfer with Polarization
The Radiative Transfer Equation with Polarization Han Uitenbroek National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak Sunspot, USA Hale COLLAGE, Boulder, Feb 16, 2016 Today s Lecture Equation of transfer with polarization
More informationVector Magnetic Field Diagnostics using Hanle Effect
Meeting on Science with Planned and Upcoming Solar Facilities in the Country, Bangalore, India, November 2-3, 2011 Vector Magnetic Field Diagnostics using Hanle Effect M. Sampoorna Indian Institute of
More informationFundamentals of radio astronomy
Fundamentals of radio astronomy Sean Dougherty National Research Council Herzberg Institute for Astrophysics Apologies up front! Broad topic - a lot of ground to cover (the first understatement of the
More informationLab #13: Polarization
Lab #13: Polarization Introduction In this experiment we will investigate various properties associated with polarized light. We will study both its generation and application. Real world applications
More informationIntuitive interpretation of Mueller matrices of transmission. John Freudenthal Hinds Instruments, Inc.
Intuitive interpretation of Mueller matrices of transmission John Freudenthal Hinds Instruments, Inc. Abstract Polarization metrology has grown to embrace ever more complicated measurement parameters.
More informationLecture 8 Notes, Electromagnetic Theory II Dr. Christopher S. Baird, faculty.uml.edu/cbaird University of Massachusetts Lowell
Lecture 8 Notes, Electromagnetic Theory II Dr. Christopher S. Baird, faculty.uml.edu/cbaird University of Massachusetts Lowell 1. Scattering Introduction - Consider a localized object that contains charges
More informationEllipsometry. Introduction. Measurement Principles
Ellipsometry Introduction Ellipsometry is the measurement of the effect of reflection on the state of polarization of light. The result of an ellipsometric measurement can be the complex refractive index
More informationLecture 4: Polarisation of light, introduction
Lecture 4: Polarisation of light, introduction Lecture aims to explain: 1. Light as a transverse electro-magnetic wave 2. Importance of polarisation of light 3. Linearly polarised light 4. Natural light
More informationPhase Sensitive Faraday Rotation in. and various Diamagnetic liquid Samples
Phase Sensitive Faraday Rotation in TERBIUM GALLIUM GARNET crystal and various Diamagnetic liquid Samples Supervisor: Dr. Saadat Anwar Siddiqi Co-Supervisor: Dr. Muhammad Sabieh Anwar Presented by: Aysha
More informationThe Planck Mission and Ground-based Radio Surveys
The Planck Mission and Ground-based Radio Surveys Russ Taylor University of Calgary Kingston Meeting UBC, November 2003 Current state of that art in ground-based radio surveys How Planck factors into the
More informationCopyright 1966, by the author(s). All rights reserved.
Copyright 1966, by the author(s). All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are
More informationPart I. The Quad-Ridged Flared Horn
9 Part I The Quad-Ridged Flared Horn 10 Chapter 2 Key Requirements of Radio Telescope Feeds Almost all of today s radio telescopes operating above 0.5 GHz use reflector antennas consisting of one or more
More informationSMR WINTER COLLEGE QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL ASPECTS INFORMATION OPTICS. The Origins of Light s angular Momentum
SMR.1738-8 WINTER COLLEGE on QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL ASPECTS of INFORMATION OPTICS 30 January - 10 February 2006 The Origins of Light s angular Momentum Miles PADGETT University of Glasgow Dept. of Physics
More informationLight Waves and Polarization
Light Waves and Polarization Xavier Fernando Ryerson Communications Lab http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~fernando The Nature of Light There are three theories explain the nature of light: Quantum Theory Light
More informationRadiation processes and mechanisms in astrophysics I. R Subrahmanyan Notes on ATA lectures at UWA, Perth 18 May 2009
Radiation processes and mechanisms in astrophysics I R Subrahmanyan Notes on ATA lectures at UWA, Perth 18 May 009 Light of the night sky We learn of the universe around us from EM radiation, neutrinos,
More informationSolar Magnetic Fields Jun 07 UA/NSO Summer School 1
Solar Magnetic Fields 2 12 Jun 07 UA/NSO Summer School 1 Solar Magnetic Fields 2 (12 June) An introduction to the instruments and techniques used to remotely measure the solar magnetic field Stokes Vectors
More informationChapter 34. Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 34 Electromagnetic Waves The Goal of the Entire Course Maxwell s Equations: Maxwell s Equations James Clerk Maxwell 1831 1879 Scottish theoretical physicist Developed the electromagnetic theory
More informationContents. 1 Basic Equations 1. Acknowledgment. 1.1 The Maxwell Equations Constitutive Relations 11
Preface Foreword Acknowledgment xvi xviii xix 1 Basic Equations 1 1.1 The Maxwell Equations 1 1.1.1 Boundary Conditions at Interfaces 4 1.1.2 Energy Conservation and Poynting s Theorem 9 1.2 Constitutive
More informationPolarization degree fading during propagation of partially coherent light through retarders
OPTO-ELECTRONICS REVIEW 3(), 7 76 7 th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics Applications Polarization degree fading during propagation of partially coherent light through retarders A.W. DOMAÑSKI
More informationAlexey Kuznetsov. Armagh Observatory
Alexey Kuznetsov Armagh Observatory Outline of the talk Solar radio emission History Instruments and methods Results of observations Radio emission of planets Overview / history / instruments Radio emission
More informationFaraday rotation measure synthesis of edge-on galaxy UGC 10288
Faraday rotation measure synthesis of edge-on galaxy UGC 10288 PATRICK KAMIENESKI PI: DANIEL WANG KENDALL SULLIVAN DYLAN PARÉ Extragalactic magnetic fields Global configuration of the disk and halo components
More informationRecap Lecture + Thomson Scattering. Thermal radiation Blackbody radiation Bremsstrahlung radiation
Recap Lecture + Thomson Scattering Thermal radiation Blackbody radiation Bremsstrahlung radiation LECTURE 1: Constancy of Brightness in Free Space We use now energy conservation: de=i ν 1 da1 d Ω1 dt d
More informationLight as electromagnetic wave and as particle
Light as electromagnetic wave and as particle Help to understand and learn exam question 5. (How the wave-particle duality can be applied to light?) and to measurements Microscopy II., Light emission and
More informationGoal: The theory behind the electromagnetic radiation in remote sensing. 2.1 Maxwell Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 2 Electromagnetic Radiation Goal: The theory behind the electromagnetic radiation in remote sensing. 2.1 Maxwell Equations and Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic waves do not need a medium to
More information