Near detector tracker concepts. D. Karlen / U. Vic. & TRIUMF T2K ND280m meeting August 22, 2004
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1 Near detector tracker concepts D. Karlen / U. Vic. & TRIUMF T2K ND280m meeting August 22, 2004
2 Longitudinal extent of tracker modules Consensus has developed that the near detector should consist of a few thick scintillator and tracking sections Advantages for thick gas layers improved momentum resolution increased separation of reaction products reduced dead mass in interfaces easier construction better use of gas as a target material August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 2
3 Wire chamber conceptual drawings One possible design (R. Henderson, TRIUMF) horizontal and vertical anodes separated by horizontal and vertical cathodes follows design of TWIST tracker, but much longer wires August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 3
4 TPC concept with CO 2 If the scintillator is to be only 5,000 kg, > 80% of volume can be gas tracker. The gas is a significant volume: If CO 2 is used in high concentration (100%) this is an excellent active O 2 target: 50 kg, 1% of scintillator mass E 2.8 m x y ν z 2.8 m 3.6 m August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 4
5 CO 2 as a TPC gas? very slow at low fields very low diffusion Drift velocity (cm / µs) Transverse Diffusion µm / (d [cm]) trans. diff. ~ long. diff. E (V/cm) E (V/cm) August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 5
6 TPC with CO 2 For a modest field: 200 V/cm (140 cm drift) ~ 30 kv maximum potential no problem v ~ 2 mm/µs 0.7 ms maximum drift time no problem given the beam spill interval (seconds) electronics can be slow (cheaper, less noise) very small Lorentz angle: ~ 2 at 0.5 T minimum ionizing electon-ion pairs: ~91/cm diffusion: ~ 140 µm / cm 1.7 mm max σ diffusion limits space resolution to ~ 0.3 mm per 4 mm row gain: lower, but probably acceptable gas is inexpensive and non-flammable a good target material, rich in O 2 August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 6
7 Magnetic field distortions Because drift velocity is so slow, the sensitivity to the magnetic field direction is very low: v example: (Following notes by J. Va vra) here ωτ ~ 0.02 E = ( E,0,0) B = x v x v y ( B x B Bz ωτ v vyz B x,0, ( ) 2 z ωτ v If B z / B x ~ 1% for full 140 cm drift distance, the offset in y is only 0.3 mm ample cosmics can be used to develop corrections z ) B z << B x B B x August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 7
8 TPC end plate Gas amplification could be provided by GEMs or micromegas in front of pads on the endplates best resolution and two particle separation simpler mechanics proven technology Pad design square: no preferred direction 4 mm x 4 mm is small enough to get < 0.3 mm resolution 3M GEMs in mass production: 40 cm roll August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 8
9 GEMs for TPC endplate Andy White (UT Arlington) is negotiating with 3M for GEMs for their hadron calorimeter prototypes The design is ideal for ND280m TPC: 15 cm 15 cm each GEM separately powered ND would need at most 50 m 2 small compared to the full LC HCAL requirements of 4000 m 2 August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 9
10 TPC concept With 3M GEMs, TPC sections could most easily be constructed in multiples of 30 cm, eg: 30 cm August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 10
11 Pad readout Behind each GEM have a rectangular array of 4mm x 4mm pads: August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 11
12 Simulation of the GEM TPC Event displays with a minimum ionizing track: Drift distance: cm Drift distance: 130 cm August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 12
13 Momentum resolution Geant studies only just started: first plots Work done by Konstantin Olchanski (TRIUMF) Look at muons from Nuance simulation of 3 GeV ν p residsuals no MS perfect resolution August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 13
14 Momentum resolution Add multiple scattering August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 14
15 Momentum resolution Include hit smearing: August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 15
16 Scan of neutrino events in gas target Sample of NEUT events (thanks to Stony Brook for conversion to Nuance format) Generate events randomly in the gas volume Show the first 20 events small gas volume: 25 cm x 25 cm x 140 cm GEANT was used to generate de in 1 mm steps, insert the produced electrons into GEM-TPC simulation package Charge collected by 4 mm 4 mm pads August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 16
17 Codes Nuance event codes: 1,2: CCQE, NCQE 3-16 single pion resonant other Geant particle codes: 1: gamma 5, 6: µ +, µ - 7,8,9: π 0, π +, π - 13,14: n, p August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 17
18 Event 1 E ν = 742 MeV Nuance code = 11 Would SK call this a CCQE event? 5 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 8, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 18
19 Event 1 4 mm x 4 mm pads color: relative signal amplitude: µ = 85 MeV/c ν p = 248 MeV/c E = 742 MeV π + = 547 MeV/c p = 150 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 19
20 Event 2 E ν = 352 MeV Nuance code = 1 3 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 20
21 Event 2 µ = 159 MeV/c p = 211 MeV/c ν E = 352 MeV p = 415 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 21
22 Event 3 E ν = 2578 MeV Nuance code = 13 6 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 8, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 22
23 Event 3 ν E = 2578 MeV August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 23
24 Event 4 E ν = 2727 MeV Nuance code = 1 3 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 24
25 Event 4 p = 280 MeV/c ν E = 2727 MeV µ = 2636 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 25
26 Event 5 E ν = 1697 MeV Nuance code = 11 5 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 26
27 Event 5 ν E = 1697 MeV August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 27
28 Event 6 E ν = 6572 MeV Nuance code = 11 5 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 8, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 28
29 Event 6 ν π + = 170 MeV/c µ = 5846 MeV/c p = 1048 MeV/c E = 6572 MeV p = 50 MeV/c proton stops August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 29
30 Event 7 E ν = 722 MeV Nuance code = 1 3 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = 3.5 3: momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 30
31 Event 7 p = 650 MeV/c ν E = 722 MeV µ = 492 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 31
32 Event 9 E ν = 342 MeV Nuance code = 1 4 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 32
33 Event 9 ν E = 342 MeV August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 33
34 Event 10 E ν = 741 MeV Nuance code = 1 4 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = 3.5 2: momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 34
35 Event 10 ν E = 741 MeV p = 327 MeV/c Note: track fit to this segment gives: 347 ± 12 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 35
36 Event 11 E ν = 851 MeV Nuance code = 11 6 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 36
37 Event 11 ν p = 23 MeV/c E = 851 MeV µ = 400 MeV/c Note: track fit to this segment gives: 511± 114 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 37
38 Event 13 E ν = 890 MeV Nuance code = 51 1 final state particles: 1: geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 38
39 Event 13 ν p = 837 MeV/c E = 890 MeV August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 39
40 Event 14 E ν = 861 MeV Nuance code = 33 2 final state particles: 1: geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 9, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 40
41 Event 14 Use range + track momentum to distinguish pion and muon events? ν π = 183 MeV/c E = 861 MeV p = 395 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 41
42 Event 15 E ν = 572 MeV Nuance code = 1 3 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 42
43 Event 15 p = 299 MeV/c ν E = 572 MeV µ = 493 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 43
44 Event 16 E ν = 630 MeV Nuance code = 1 2 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 44
45 Event 16 µ = 493 MeV/c ν E = 630 MeV p = 299 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 45
46 Event 17 E ν = 523 MeV Nuance code = 12 3 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = 3.5 3: momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 46
47 Event 17 µ = 85 MeV/c ν p = 248 MeV/c E = 523 MeV π + = 547 MeV/c p = 150 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 47
48 Event 18 E ν = 679 MeV Nuance code = 13 4 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 8, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 48
49 Event 18 µ = 85 MeV/c ν p = 248 MeV/c E = 679 MeV π + = 547 MeV/c p = 150 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 49
50 Event 19 E ν =1913 MeV Nuance code = final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 9, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 50
51 Event 19 ν E = 1913 MeV z measurements help separate particles August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 51
52 Event 20 E ν = 877 MeV Nuance code = 32 2 final state particles: 1: geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 52
53 Event 20 ν p = 622 MeV/c E = 877 MeV August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 53
54 Event 21 E ν = 874 MeV Nuance code = 1 5 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = 3.5 2: momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 14, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 54
55 Event 21 p = 140 MeV/c ν p = 1041 MeV/c E = 874 MeV µ = 336 MeV/c p = 232 MeV/c August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 55
56 Event 22 E ν = 763 MeV Nuance code = 13 4 final state particles: 1: geant code = 6, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 13, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 8, kinetic energy = : momentum components = : geant code = 1, kinetic energy = : momentum components = August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 56
57 Event 22 µ = 403 MeV/c ν E = 763 MeV π + = 100 MeV/c Use de/dx to assert pion is not a proton August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 57
58 Electronics considerations At most 1 million pads (4mm x 4mm) needed to instrument the TPCs (both sides). occupancy is extremely small multiplexing possible full FADC readout not necessary rather slow shaping & sampling times can be used: 1 µs time resolution 2 mm resolution in drift direction August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 58
59 Multiplexing To reduce the number of A/D elements, multiplex in time: preamp + sample & hold 1 MHz switch ADC 10 MHz Conventional circuit elements: ~ $2.50 per channel : $2.5 M for space: need daughter boards connected to pad readout boards Custom IC: about $1.5 M for design and production (rough figure) would fit on back of pad readout board August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 59
60 R&D required for proof of principle Test of GEM TPC operation with pure CO 2 and 4mm x 4mm pads we could use the Victoria prototype TPC: new pad readout board, CO 2 gas, cosmics run in TRIUMF test beam (p, µ, π) Could begin this work in the Fall August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 60
61 Victoria TPC prototype: LC studies The Victoria TPC prototype is currently running at DESY in 4T field with a UV laser system 2 laser tracks separated by 6 mm August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 61
62 R&D required for proof of concept Field cage design needs more thought simply use wires Need to build a long drift prototype 140 cm drift, 30 cm x 30 cm prove field cage design concept use high density, slow electronics discrete components to prove concept for ASIC demonstrate space point resolution in test beam Significant effort and costs best to mount this as a collaborative effort now August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 62
63 ND TPC as an international project The TPC project can be naturally divided amongst several collaborating institutions: Gas vessel and field cage: Design and construction of vessel, field cage, and central cathode HV and field cage resistor chain GEM amplification Design of GEM frames, mounting of GEMs into frames HV distribution Pad readout boards Pad geometry design, construction of boards ASIC design, fabrication, installation ($$$) August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 63
64 Summary GEM TPC is an attractive option for ND tracking very good resolution, two particle separation introduces very little dead target material we can also use the gas as an active target would provide important data (complimentary to the scintillator) to pin down the ν -O 2 cross sections and help tune neutrino MC simulations R&D for GEM TPCs is well advanced for LC prototype systems working well not much risk involved August 22, 2004 Tracker ideas 64
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