A Cold Genesis Theory of Fields and Particles

Transcription

1 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls

2

3 Th discovis must b publishd (Galilo Galili, pincipl of scinc) 1.1 Intoduction Th abandonmnt of th concpt of th in th xplanation of th micophysics phnomna, though th postulat of th constant light spd in Einstin s spcial lativity, ld to majo paadoxs in th physical intptation of th lativist lations, such as th so calld th twins paadox. Moov, a sis of xpimnts stats th possibility of xcding th light spd, [1]. Ths thotical consquncs a dtmind th cunc to th classic concpt of quanta having a non-null pos mass, (L. d Bogli, []). In 1974, J. P. Vigi agud th xistnc of xpimntal poofs in favo of this hypothsis, [3]. Th hypothsis of a quantum mdium xistnc also in th intgalactic spac was considd in th cas of som thonic thois xplaining th fundamntal filds and intactions and th Univs xpansion, [4], [5], [6] which a compatibl with a matt cold gnsis mchanism which consids th hypothsis of matt votxial natu, (Klvin 1873). Also, th astophysical sachs gading th gaviton mass assts th hypothsis of th thonic natu of th gavitic filds, [7]. Thus, ths thotical dafts considd also th nd fo som idal p-quantum modls, basd on th classical law of mchanics and th Galilian lativity, fo xplain th gnsis, th filds and th volution of th lmntay paticls. Th link of ths modls with th quantum mchanics is mad by th 3

4 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt thotical sults of Böhm s and Vigi s sachs [8] showing that in adquat gnal conditions, th dnsity of th paticl psnc pobability, p ( ψ ) givn by th quantum mchanics, associatd to d Bogli wav, appoximats th physical dnsity () of a non-viscous, unifom quantum fluid fo which th quations of th idal fluid can b applid. At th sam tim, ths modls can xplain, though th hiddn thmodynamics of th paticls, [9], th constancy of chag and of magntic momnt and th spin chaactistics of th paticls, considing a ngntopy of th sub-quantum mdium tansmittd to th paticl by quantum winds, [1]. Ths quantum winds gnats a magntic fild aound th lctic chag by quantum votics that a pop to a chial quantum soliton stuctu of th lctomagntic fild quanta [11] and of th lmntay paticls [1], paticulaly considd in a quantisd soliton modl [13]. Th paticl chial quantum soliton modl usd by som thonic thois fo xplain th wav-copuscl dualism of th photons and of fmions complis with both th nonlina causal intptation in quantum mchanics (d Bogli, D. Bőhm, J. P. Vigi) and th Einstin s ida of unifying th fundamntal filds by considing th paticls as fomd by fild matt stuctus which comply with a nonlina fild quations [14]. Also, H. A. Mùna consids th paticls pos mass as bing gnatd by th thial fluid with a flow momnt (votx) along a ppndicula diction to th impuls [15]. Th photon is considd as a smi-classic doublt: paticl-antipaticl, which xplain th fquncy and th pos mass of a photon, th modl dducing two spin valus (±1) fo th photon and th validity of th d Bogli s ngy quation, [9]. 4

5 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Goffy Hunt and L. P. Wadling [16] poposd a solitonic modl of photon cosponding to th Einstin s concpt of photon considd as a localizd and confind lctomagntic wav in a cicula volum of an llipsoid with th lngth along th popagation ax qual to th associatd wav-lngth, λ, and th photon diamt: d f =λ/π. This modl has bn cntly confimd by xpimnts gading photolctic ffct and th diffaction. Th wav constituting th chial soliton votx might b considd as bing composd by two pats: a lina pat th vanscnt componnt, and a nonlina pat that might b idntifid with th ψ(, t)-wav functionfom th doubl solution thoy of d Bogli-Bohm-Vigi, [17]. Donv Stoil has dducd by th photon ngy Planck xpssion: E=h, wittn in th fom E =h, (=1/), that th siz h=e η psnts th photon kintic momnt of spin (th polaization) and psnts a al physical siz associatd to th solitonic photon [18]. It is impotant to obsv that if th Múna s modl of photons is dimnsiond lik in th Hunt-Wadling modl, considing th simpl photon as a doublt of two vctoial photons with mutually anti-paalll spins S=ħ/ and a diamt: d w =d f =λ/and considing th had-gamma quanta as a doublt: ngaton-positon, c =( ), with opposd spins and th ngy: ε γ =h=m c, it sults that th lcton of c -doublt may b assimilatd with a vctoial (smi) photon, m w, with a -adius which sults qual to th Compton adius of a f lcton: c ch h 13 3,86x1 m (1) m c m c This valu of a lcton Compton adius is found in th solitonic modls of lcton as psnting th lcton soliton adius [1]. 5

6 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt By this sult it is suggstd th possibility of finding a p-quantum modl (confom to th classical mchanics applid to th quantum and sub-quantum fluid) of chial soliton typ, fo th fmionic paticls, by considing a pquantum substuctu of photonic bosons votxially confind at cold, in a volum with magntic momnt of Compton adius: μ =ħ/(m ρ c) accoding to q. (1) xtndd fo a simpl o compound soliton-lik paticl. This p-quantum modl of lmntay paticl cosponds to th Sidhat modl of paticl [19], which consid th lmntay paticls as bing lativistic votxs of a Compton adius fom which th mass and th spin of th paticls is obtaind, with th ciculation spd of th quantum fluid in th solitonic votx spac qual to th light spd, c, bing admittd also th hypothsis of th xistnc of a sup-light spd in th votx, without contadiction to th convntional thois. In accodanc with this chial p-quantum modl of paticl, w may consid that th pos intial mass of a fmion, m p, is confind by a solitonic votx with a stabilizing sup-dns cntoid and with: =c fo, (i..- gnatd by quantum and subquantum winds), in a volum of a p adius psnting th paticl s quantum volum adius. 1. Considations Concning th Quantum and Subquantum Mdium Rlativ cnt sachs [7] basd on astophysical dtminations lating to th gaviton mass indicats as pobabl a mass of th gavitons in a vy lag ang: fom 1-67 kg, accoding to S. Choundhuy, sultd fom a gavitational lns ffct, to 1-55 kg, accoding to L. S. Finn, sultd fom studis of th binay pulsas. 6

7 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls This sming contadiction can b solvd-in a classical thoy of filds, by th hypothsis that th mntiond valus cospond to th mass of at last two catgois of thonic paticls which can constitut a sub-quantum (thonic) mdium and which gnats gavitic fild. Rgading to th quantum mdium, accpting th Muna s votxial modl of photon and a chial soliton modl of lcton, fo xplaining th filds and th diffnc btwn a positiv and a ngativ lctic chag by a vctoial typ of lctic fild quanta, it is impotant to know which vctoial photons, of un-boundd chial soliton typ, (smiphoton), a th most stabl vctoial lptons. Bcaus that ths vctoial photons a pats of th most widspad adiation quanta, as a Floanini-Jackiw chial antipaalll componnt paticl of a scala fild quanta which can b splittd into its componnts [], considing also th lcton chial soliton as a smiphoton of a had-gamma quantum and xcpting th nutino, (which is vy pntant and hav pobably a vy dns mass), w idntify th vctoial lptons which a th most stabls fmionic lptons in th Univs, in un-bondd stat: th lcton: m =9.1x1-31 kg; th smiphoton of th 3K-cosmic backgound adiation: m v = k B T/c =.3x1-4 kg, (namd vcton in ou modl) and th h-quanta, namd quanton in som thois [6], with th mass: m h =h1/c =7.37x1-51 Kg. Considing ths lptons as bing quasistabl vctoial lptons and th lcton as bing th 1-ank quasistabl vctoial lpton, m 1 s, w obsv that th masss of th considd quasistabl lptons a in th lation: m 1 s (K v ) -1 m s ; m s (K v ) -1 m 3 s ; with: (K v ) -1 ( ); (m 1 s =m ; m s =m v ; m 3 s =m h ). In accodanc with that, it sults as plausibl th hypothsis that th lmntay paticls gnsis can occus at cold, in an Euclidan Potounivs, 7

8 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt ons fom anoth, fom th dak ngy containing pimodial un-stuctud subquantum paticls, by confination of quasistabl lptons of infio mass, alisd by a solitonic votx with a stabilizing sup-dns cntoid, ( cntol ). W dduc th possibility to chaactiz th pocss of soliton-paticls gnsis by a votics cascad modl, with th nxt spcific axioms: 1. th natual cold gnsis of paticls is a factalic votics cascad pocss;. all fmions a simpl o composit chial solitons, fomd by a paticllik cntal intial mass giving its copuscula poptis and a spinoial mass which do not contibut to th intial mass, th pais of fmions with antipaalll chiality bing bosons; 3. th paticls of composit chial soliton typ having th mass of k- stability ank, with k=1 fo m k =m and k= fo m k m, a fomd byth confination of quasistabl lptons with (k+1) ank mass, i..: m k+1 s, by chial solitons of quasistabl photons o/and thons with th mass: m l s m k+1 s, (l k+1) fomd aound a cntoid with chiality = 1; 4. th masss of stabl/quasistabl f photons o thons a in th lation: m k s (K v ) -1 m k+1 s ; with: K v ( ); k1 () and this (quasi) stabl f photons o thons can b fild quanta o psudoquanta o/and constitunt quanta of lmntay paticls with bigg mass, as fozn photons. It dducs logically that th thons, having th most littl mass, a quanta of a gavitational typ fild, in accodanc also with th sults of th 8

9 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls gnalizd lativity and with th classic modl of gavitation (LSag s modl). Accoding to a4 axiom w will consid that th sub-quantum mdium, (A c ), containing thons, b s, having th mass m s <<m h =h/c, (h-plank constant), is compound of two catgois of fild quanta, namd as follow: 1. s-thons o singons -with th mass: m s =K v m h ( )m h ( )kg;. g-thons o gavitons m G =K v m s ( )m s ( )kg; This last sult of a4 -axiom is in accodanc with th upp limit of th gaviton mass: m g 1.6x1-69 kg, found by th lativistic thoy of gavitation and xpimntal data concning th dak ngy dnsity, [5], so th gnalization of lation () also fo th (A c ) subquantum mdium is justifid. To this sub-quantum mdium, (A c ), gadd as an idal fluid, as fo th quantum mdium, (B c ), th Bnoulli s law fo idal fluids can b applid, in th ducd fom: P s +P d = P M s, (P s ; P d ; P M s th static, th dynamic and th maximum quantum pssu). Th mass: m h =h/c which cosponds to th chial soliton namd quanton in ou thoy, dlimits th (A c ) sub-quantum mdium paticls fom (B c ) quantum mdium paticls. Also, w shall consid a dnsity: M 1 19 Kg/m 3, bigg than th dnsity of a black hol, fo all unstuctud paticls of th (A c ) sub-quantum mdium and fo th cntoids of (B c ) quantum mdium lptons, (namd cntols in ou thoy). 9

10 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Fo th fundamntal paticls, w shall consid a solitonic, p-quantum spin, S*, dpnding on th xistnc of anγ p -intinsic votx of quanta, distinct fom th quantum spin, S, but which shall b idntifid with it fo th lptonic fmions. This Γ p -votx must b in causal link with a p magntic o psudomagntic momnt of paticl, accoding to q.: S * p = K S Γ p = ½ħ p.; p = (q*/m p )S* p =½(q*c ), with: (3) p =1; Γ p = dlv = p c; wh: p ; th fmion man adius and th Compton adius dfind as th supio limit of th votx: s ( s =c); q*-th paticl chag o psudochag, and: p = 1 th intinsic chiality, considd as an absolut valu. Th considd p-quantum dimnsion: intinsic chiality : = (1; ), diffs fom th quantum hlicity psnting th spin pojction on th impuls diction and it chaactiz th sns of th fomd votx aound th cntoid (th cntol) of th fmion in a homognous quantum o subquantum wind. In consqunc, in ou modl th intinsic chiality is a dimnsion which chaactizs th paticl co, th paticl spin dpnding on th hypothtical spial shap of its cntoid, i..: on th intinsic chiality: =1 fo lvogy o dxtogy spial co and = fo non-spial co, (without votx). Th imag in mio of +, is: P() =-, so th spatial paity P opato chang th chial spin. Bcaus that th chial soliton modl of lcton is of spatial-xtndd (lontzian) typ, th lctomagntic natu of th intial m mass is don - accoding to th a3 and a4 axioms, by n v componnt vctoial photons with bigg mass than th vcton mass, which will b namd vxons in ou 1

11 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls thoy, cosponding to th zo point ngy photon: E w =½h and which may xplain also th photonic mission of th acclatd lcton o poton. In this cas, th vcton, m v, may b idntifid with th quantum of th lctostatic fild, E, and th nxt quantum of infio od: th quanton, m h, may b idntifid with th quantum of th magntic fild, H, in th sns that th c quantonic votx gnats th magntic momnt of lcton, in accodanc also with q. (3). Th vctoial quantum of stability ank k =1 sultd in accodanc with th a4 axiom: th had-gamma smiphoton, which will b namd: smigammon in ou thoy, having th lcton mass, m, may b idntifid in this cas with th psudoquanta of th stong nucla fild in th sns that th poton sult as bing a compound chial soliton fomd by th confination of gammonic pais of dgnat lctons sultd as boundd smigammons, which attacts anoth nuclons by its own dgnat quantum votx. Rsuming, it sults-accoding to th a1-a4 axioms, that th sub-quantum and th quantum mdium hav th following composition of fild quanta and psudoquanta: (A c )-sub-quantum mdium; (m s m h =h/c ; S s * ), chaactizing gavitic filds (which is simila to Aistotl s concpt of ath): 1. gavitons; (g-thons): m g =( ) kg, acting as gavitic fild quanta and having contibution to th gnsis of gavitomagntic quantumvotics by thonic winds foming;. singons; (s-thons): m s =( ) kg, acting mainly as singonic quanta of votics of gavitomagntic chial solitons but also as quanta of gavitostatic fild; 11

12 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt (B c ) quantum mdium, m b m h =h/c, chaactizing th magnto-lctic filds and oth filds: 3. quantons: m h =h/c = 7.37x1-51 Kg; S * h ½ħ, acting as quanta of th B- magntic fild and foming th p magntic momnt of fmion; similaly, th psudo-magntic momnt of quanton: h sults by q. (3) as a singonic votx fomd aound a quantonic supdns cntol having th mass: m c h = m h, th quanton bing-in ou thoy, th smallst hadco fmion. vctons (vctoial photons): m v = 3x1 1 m h =.x1-4 kg; S v =S v * =½ħ; acting as lctostatic fild quanta, sultd as had-co smiphotons of th cosmic 3K backgound adiation; 4. vxons; m w 1m v ; S w = S w * = ½ħ; stuctud as CF-chial soliton of vctons, acting as constitunts of lmntay paticls quantum volum (as fozn photons ) and of luxons; 5. psudoscala photons, (paticulaly-luxons): m f =nm h = nm w, S l =1ħ; acting as lctomagntic adiation psudoscala quanta, fomd by n pais of vctoial photons: m f = n (m w -m w ) which changs sign at a paity invsion: P(+-)=(-+), i.. an invsd photon is an antiphoton mf, with opposd sign phas, -: w w w f P m P( m m ) ( m m ) ( m m ) (m ) f w w w In accodanc with th Muna s modl of photon, th multiphoton with ngy: f = nh, psnts a ow of n pais of coupld vxons having antipaalll spins, th vxon bing considd in ou thoy with th diamt dimnsiond confom with th Hunt-Wadling s modl of photon, (d w =/), and bing idntifiabl as photino in th supsymmtic thois. 1

13 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Th possibility of psnting quantum paticls as composd of chial soliton fonts of plana votics having cipocally opposd ointations, fomd in a Madlung-typ fluid as solutions of a nonlina quation, is thotically confimd [1]. Also, in 197, Hasimoto showd that th wok of darios (196) of votx filamnts is closly latd to th non-lina Schöding quation. In th soliton thoy, ths photon pais cosponds to Falaco-typ pais of plana votics, [], that could b long-lif stats and ais usually in aas having minimal sufac dfcts whn th ngy dnsity = c of th gnating votx soliton fild is doubl, at last, compaing to th mass/ngy dnsity w = w c of th gnatd sub-solitons: = w. As chial constitunt of th lcton mass givn by paid componnt vxons (fozn photons) accoding to a4 axiom, th m v -vcton has as cospondnt in supsymmtic thois, a paticulaly fmionic suppatn of th axion-paticl, calld axino and having th st-mass: V/c, pdictd to chang into and sulting fom a micowav photon in th psnc of a stong magntic fild, xplaining in this way th non-bayonic dak matt. Th xistnc of vctoial photons as lctomagntic fild quanta is considd also by L. S. Mayants, [3], which agud th possibility to xplain th lctomagntic fild by a gas of paticls, calld mons, having a tiny but non-zo st mass (m < 1-5 kg). Accoding to th modl, th stuctu of paticls containd by th quantum mdium, (B c ), is consistnt with th quantum soliton thoy which shows that th quantifid soliton-paticls a solutions of th Schoding nonlina quation solutions that a simila to thos which dscibs wav bundls whos cnts movs as paticls that can intact lastically, [13]. 13

14 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt W will agu in th thoy that all lmntay paticls can b dscibd by a cascad votics cold foming pocss. Th basic paticl modl of cold gnsis, usd fo xplain th paticls basic poptis, psnts in th thoy, an idal, undistubd and non-lativist modl of chial p-quantum soliton, gnatd at cold, (TK), as a quantizd votx in a sub-quantum o/and quantum mdium, with a Madlung typ psntation of th sub-quantum fluid [4], accoding also to th Bohm-Vigi intptation of -wav function. 1.3 Th Photon Considing that th simpl photon with ngy f = h psnts a pai of coupld vctons o vxons in accodanc also with Muna modl of photon, [15], th known wav-copuscl dualism of photon is xplaind in th thoy considing that th wav poptis of photon is givn by a votxial vanscnt pat of its vctons/vxons fomd aound this intial mass m v(w) which givs th copuscula chaact of th photon. Th fact that fo a photon of an lctomagntic wav th valu of lctic E- fild ngy is qual to th valu of th magntic B-fild ngy by th lation: E=cB, it sults accoding to th thoy, fom th quality btwn th valu of th lctic fild ngy: w f E = ½ E ½m S c, givn byth tanslation ngy of a spinoial S votxof quantons, which do not contibut to th vcton/vxon intial mass m v(w) givn by a vctonic/vxonic co, and th valu of th f magntic momnt votxial ngy: w = ½ H ½m S ( h ) of th photonic vcton/vxon, givn by th votxial ngy of th S -votx containing a m S - mass of quantons in th volum of Compton adius, (fig. 1), i..: 14

15 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Fig. 1. Psudoscala photon. E c E = E c mh c ms ( ) = h mvc = 4 ; = c (4a) bcaus that insid th vxonic chial soliton with = =h/m f c, th S - votx satisfy th condition: ( c ) = c. So, vn a ow of quantons with antipaalll psudomagntic momnt (votx) may fom a wav, accoding CGT. Fom (4a) it sult also that: m S = m h = m v(w), so th spinoial mass of th vcton/vxon spinoial votx is qual with th intial mass of th photonic vcton/vxon, in accodanc with th quality btwn th copuscula ngy and th ondulatoy (lctomagntic) ngy of photon, accoding to th thoy. In accodanc with th gnal chaact of a1-a4 axioms of th thoy, this sult may b gnalisd fo all chial soliton paticls in th sns that th intinsic chiality: =1 of th paticl supdns cntoid, inducs a (sub) quantum -votx fomation to a paticl having th v p -spd in th psnc of a (sub) quantum mdium as in th cas of th action of a (sub) quantum wind having th sam vlocity, accoding to th lation: w = k ; ½m h ( h ) = ½m p v (4b) 15

16 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt which suggsts a phnomnological ason fo th lativist hypothsis of th paticl spd-dpnding mass vaiation, by th votx pai foming condition [], (i..: m = m + m(v) ). 1.4 Th Fmionic Spin Th smi-whol spin: S v =½ħ, (ħ=h/) of th vctoial photon considd as spatially xtndd chial soliton with a spinoial S -votx of -adius qual to th Compton adius: = d /=λ/π, [16], sult in thoy as a al siz psnting th otation kintic momnt in classical sns, i.. p-quantum spin, S * v, by appoximating th vctoial photon with a votx-tub in a bal fom (psudo-cylindical), in pquantum modl, which bcoms psudosphical by spin pcssion, in a quantum modl, with a (3D) adial-symmtic distibution of th componnt quantons, with th quantonic dnsity, ρ c (), vaying accoding to th lation: 4π ρ() = 4π a ρ( a ) =constant, chaactistic to th vanscnt pat of th photon wav (ρ() ~ ψ ~ - ; a ) which contains th m S -spinoial mass of its vctons o vxons, i.. xcpting th quantum volum mass of a a adius, containing th m v(w) intial mass, which is chaactizd by an xponntial wav function of Schöding-Bohm-Vigi typ, (ρ () ~ ψ ~ -γ ; a ). Considing a spin pcssion movmnt of vcton o vxon, w can appoximat that th kintic momnt of a votxd quanton of its spinoial votx, S, has th valu: i h =m h c., ( th distanc fom th soliton cnt) in all solitonic volum, thus having fo any pai of votxd quantons qually placd at a δ distanc fom a sufac of adius * = /, th lation: m h c( * +δ)+m h c( * -δ)=m h c. *. 16

17 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Thfo, intgating fo all photonic volum of -adius and with mass: m S = v m h, ( v =m s c /h th quivalnt fquncy of th vctoial photon), th vctoial photon spin sult of valu: S v * = m v c / = ½ħ, if th spinoial mass of fmionic soliton vanscnt pat is qual with th paticl-lik pat mass: m S = m v(w) condition fulfilld also in th cas of th vxon, accoding to th lation (4b) of th thoy, so in concodanc with th quantum mchanics. Th sam sult is obtaind, fo a vctoial photon with spin pcssion, also by th intgal: S * v v cdm a v v h 1 a ( a ) c ms c m c ms c h (5) 4 4 m c 4 s v with: ρ()/ρ( a ) = a / = ψ, nglcting th spin: l s ( a ) ½ m v c a of th intial m v(w) mass. An idntical sult is obtaind similaily also fo a vctoial photon without spin pcssion, appoximatd as bing psudo-cylindical (bal-lik), with th lnght: l a = a and with a dnsity: ρ() ~ ψ ~ -1, i..: ρ()/ρ( a ) = a /. By this it is xplaind also th quality btwn th p-quantum and th quantum spin of th lptonic fmions. Th quation (5) by which th S * v -spin valu of vctoial photon is qual to th valu of quantum spin, S l, by th quality: m s = m v(w), may b gnalisd also in th cas of anoth lptonic fmion: th lcton. It sults also that th S * p -pquantum spin is null fo th (psudo) scala photon of n o 4n vctons (m f = nm v, T3K), bing givn by th s = 17

18 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt quantonic votx of vcton magntic momnt, and S p * = S l =1 fo photons with mass m (m m w ) if s is givn by a votx of vctons: s = v =. f w 1.5 Th Chag Modl In accodanc also with th chag modl of quantum mchanics, th q chag of a paticl sult as bing givn by a sphic-symmtic distibution of chag quanta aound a paticl having th adius a = a, i..: a = a a, with a vaiation of th quanta impuls dnsity having th fom: a pc c () vc = a vc; a c(a) ; vc c; (6) W shall consid as al chag: Q(p c ), th chag fo which th quanta impuls dnsity, p c, is paalll to th adius diction: (p c ) and as vitual chag: q i (ip c ), (i= -1), th chag fo which th quanta impuls dnsity p c is anti-paalll to th adius diction, (p c ). A chag fo which th intinsic chiality and th fild quanta chiality is: c =, is xclusivly a pulsiv of static typ chag if it is al chag and xclusivly attactiv of static typ chag if it is vitual chag, accoding to th modl, (figu ). Fo th lmntay lctic chag, th chag sign dpnds on its intinsic chiality colatd with th lctic fild quanta chiality: 18

19 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Fig.. Static typ chag. v, in accodanc also with th combind CP paity, th fact that: P( v ) = - v bing th caus of th chag sign invsion: C() = -. Th vctons chiality v = 1 xpss also th fact that fo ulta-lativistic paticls, th spin lis in th diction of th motion, paalll o anti-paalll with th paticl impuls. This chag modl is complying patially with th Whittak s pincipl (193) accoding to which any scala potntial is a sult of th ngy of an lctomagntic wind [5], in a gnal sns, considing th quanta flux as a quantum/sub-quantum wind which givs th ngntopy of th quantum vacuum Th (Elcto) Static Typ Intaction btwn Chags In a classical way, th intaction foc F of an lctostatic typ fild, gnatd by a chag Q(M) on a psudo-chag q(m ), is givn by th impuls dnsity vaiation: p c = p c () - p c (-) = nm c v c, (n=n ) of th Q(M)-chag quanta which intacts lastically on th x diction at th smi-sufac lvl: S x = S / = of th m intaction paticl, fo which its psudo-chag is popotional with its sufac: q s (m ) = S /k

20 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Th lctic typ fild of th Q-chag has th intnsity E s () dpnding on th intaction foc F (), which classically has in consqunc, th xpssion:.. v v. v v m n m n E(); = q () S t ) m (n = S t ) p ( ()= S F c c s c c c x c x (7) wh: p c /t = (n m c v c ) = v ()v c ; (lastic intaction). By th constant k 1 and th xpssion: q s (m ) = S /k 1 of th psudo-chag, th xpssion of th intnsity E s () of th psudo-lctic fild sults fom th q. (7), in th fom [6]:.. v v. v v m n m n E(); = q () S t ) m (n = S t ) p ( ()= S F c c s c c c x c x (8a) Fo xtnding th quations (6) (8) to th lcton having: q s =; =a, placing ths valus in th xpssion of th psudo-chag: q s, it sult th xpssion of th popotionality constant: k 1 = S / = 4a /, gaugd by th lcton. Whn th E s fild is gnatd by a vitual Q chag, w hav: ) ( 4 v ( 1 v 1 c 1 c 1 m q k ); c ; t p k () k = ) M ( E s c s (8b) Considing th lcton -chag as bing of spac-xtndd (Lontzian) typ and th lcton a-adius as givn by th quality btwn th intinsic ngy of th lcton and th lctostatic fild ngy, usd by som lcton modls [3] of th classic lctodynamics: 4 ) ( () ; 8 ) ( 4 E m c a d a o E (9)

21 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls it sults that: a=1.41x1-15 m =1.41fm, (with th -chag in sufac), and k 1 =1.56x1-1 [m /C] si. Fo th gnal xpssion of th Q chag gnating an E()-fild, w shall also consid th lctic chag gaussian xpssion, givn by th lctic flux: Q = E ds=4 o. E( )=4 k1. o. ( ). vc ; vc = c (1a) wh, if: Q = ; v c = c and =a, it sults that: (a) = a =1/(k 1 c ) = /k 1 = 5.17x1 13 kg/m 3. Also, if Q chag is a vitual chag, w hav: Q = E ds=4 o. E( )=4 k1. o. ( ) (i v ) Q ; i -1 (1b) Th dnsity of th lctostatic ngy at th -chag sufac, ( =a), is qual with th kintic ngy of th fild quanta in th volum unity, accoding to th quation: o a.c a a a ()= o 1 o 1 o 1 o ( ) = = a.c ( ).c ; a = (a) (11) o.a k1 Fom q. (9) it sults also th dpndnc: a 3 a = m. c 1.5. Th Intaction btwn Chags though Magntic Typ Fild In th cas of a m p -paticl, having a q s -psudo-chag and a -adius which cosss a quantum fluid (quantum wind) with th spd v = v p sin(v p ; v c ) ppndicula on th quantum wind considd as an idal fluid having th v c spd,(v v c ), accoding to th impuls thom fo idal fluids divd fom a Gauss-Ostoganski lation, on th m p -paticl sufac, S, acts a pssu foc givn by th impuls dnsity: p i = c v c, that is: 1

22 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt F i = m p ai = - wh ik psnts th impuls flow dnsity tnso: d dt vc d = ik dsk (1) s c ik P (v v ); c ik c i (n ;n i k k with: (n n ) n ; ik - unit vctos); i c P v c k c j n n i 1; ; v v n ; i k c i ds v v n ; k k n ds k k (13) Fo ik =constant and ds k =S n k, considing th intaction of quanta with th paticl sufac as bing quasi-lastic, accoding to q. (7) and (8), to th quantum pssu static foc: P c = c v c it cosponds an quivalnt intaction sufac: S =4, thfo th quation (1) bcoms [6]: S l l Fi mpai ( k1 cvc k1 cvcv) ni qs( Ei Ei ) Fi Fi ; vc c (14) k 1 Accoding to th q. (7) and (14), th foc F i is obtaind as an lctic typ foc. In this cas, th dynamognic foc, F l i, may b considd as of magntic typ, as follows: l l i s 1c i k k s j k o s 1 F q k ( v v )n q ( B v ) F q v x B; q S / k (15) wh B psnts th magntic induction, having-in q. (15), th xpssion: B ( ) k () v n k p ( ) n ; v v n ; c (16) j 1 c i k 1 i k i c i vc wh p i () psnts th impuls dnsity of fild quanta which pass though th sufac unit in th point P(). Accoding to q. (7) w also may consid th l foc F i as bing a psudo-lontzian foc, gnatd by an lctic typ fild, E l, inducd at th m p -paticl lvl by a magntic typ B -fild displacd with th spd v B = -v :

23 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls E l v x B v B x B (17) Th q. (17) xpsss in a vctoial fom, on of th lctomagntism fundamntal laws (fing to th gnating of an lctic E-fild though a magntic B fild) but gnally dducd, i.. which may b xtndd also fo th dynamognic gavitational fild, (th gavito-magntic fild). If an lctic typ fild has th intnsity vcto E displacd with th spd v E = -v k in a x -point, th displacmnt of th impuls dnsity: p i =p s v i gnating an E i -fild, gnats in th x -point, an induction, B, of a magntic typ fild, as follows: 1 B j = k1 cve ni = < ve ( k1 c c ) ni>= < ve xei >, c B 1 c v E x E (18) Th q. (18) xpsss in a vctoial fom, th fundamntal law of lctomagntism fing to th gnation of a magntic B-fild though an lctic E-fild, but gnally dducd. If th c () dnsity of fild quanta in th x -point is vaying in tim, th continuity quation fo idal fluids may b applid to th vctonic fluid, in th fom: c = - ( c v t E ) ; 1 ( k1 c c ) = - ( k1 c v E ) c t (19) and by q. (7) and (16), it sults anoth quation of lctomagntism, gnally dducd: 1 E = - B= - divb c t () 3

24 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Considing that th dnsity of quanta of E and B fild is givn by a quanta concntation: n =n s n i, wh: n i constant is th lina concntation and n s th concntation of quanta in a plan ppndicula on th E-fild diction, accoding to q. (16) it sults that th H-intnsity of th (psudo) magntic fild can b considd popotional with th sufac dnsity of quanta: ζ c = m c.n s, and with th magntic pmability sultd as a siz popotional with n i : H j = k 1 ζ c.v k = B j /μ j ; (v k =v E ); ζ c = m c.n s ; μ j = B j /H j = n i (1) By th qn: v l =1/() of th light spd in a mdium with, th q. (1) xplains th caus of v l -light spd vaiation with =. Th possibility to dduc th lctomagntic fundamntal laws though hydodynamic quations applid to th quantum and sub-quantum fluid is in accodanc also with th Maxwll thoy gading th lctomagntic intactions intmdiatd by th. 1.6 Th Gavitic Intaction To th attactd m p -mass and to th gavitic fild of an M-mass of a paticl o of a body, can b assignd a convntional siz: lctogavitic psudochag, q G, spctivly: lctogavitic fild, E G (, Q G ), whos xpssions sults by th gnal q. (14) wittd in th fom: (a) q Sg ; EG(, QG ) k1 gc ; pg( ) g ( ) c g c (b) k G 1 In th xpssion (b) of th lctogavitic fild intnsity, th maning of th sign: is that th lctogavitic Q G -chag gnating th E G -fild is givn by an unifom sphical distibution of an thonic flux with a non- 4

25 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls compnsatd componnt, i.. by th diffnc btwn th civd thonic flux p i = ⅓p, (p i ) and th flux p adially mging fom th intial M- mass stuctu, (p ). In th cas of an attactiv, gavitic M-chag, p g () =(p i - p ) and Q G and in th cas of an pulsiv anti-gavitic chag: p g () =(p i - p ). Th antigavitic chag Q G cospond in consqunc to th cas of thons loosing fom th paticl stuctu and th gavitic chag Q G cospond to th cas of thons civing and patially votxing. Thfo, considing this non-compnsatd thonic flux as a gavitonic fild flux having th impuls dnsity p () = p g (), th gnating of gavitation foc F N p g () complis with th Fatio s and LSag s hypothsis [7] which psums th scning of M-mass by th m p mass in pot with th cosmicthonic winds that coms adial-symmtically towads th M-mass, bcaus that p g () is invs popotional with th M-mass tanspancy to thons, (fig.3). Fig. 3. Gavitostatic intaction. Th thonic flux fomd by a M-mass with distubd singonic votx which mits s-thons with p g () givs an antigavitic psudochag, gnating a positiv, pulsiv E G -fild. 5

26 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt W shall consid th q. (14) in th cas of an intaction foc acting on a m p -paticl having a q G -lctogavitic psudo-chag which cosss an thonic wind of a gavitic fild gnatd by an Q G (M)-lctogavitic chag, with th spd v = v p cos ppndiculaly on th v s -spd of th thonic wind,(v v s ). Considing th m p -paticl fomd by n p quantons having th m h -mass and th sufac: S h = 4 h, (wh h is th quanton cntol adius), bcaus th paticl pntability to thonic winds, th intacting sufac of th m p -paticl with th thonic wind is a sum of S h -sufacs intacting with th lmntay quantonic cntols, thus, in q. (14) w shall consid that: S g= n p.s h and th quation (14) bcom: F g i m a p Gi k m ( v v v ) n ; k S / m [m / kg] (3) h p g g g Fo th vaiation of ρ g ()-dnsity of gavitonic wind, in complianc with q. (3) of th lctogavitic q G (M)-chag of th M-mass having th adius and fo v g =c, th gavitic foc sults fom q. (3) as having th fom: g o i h h h F g i = M v mp v M h h kh mp. g c 1 ni = G 1 ; ()= ni g g g (4) c c mh wh: ρ g and ρ h g a th dnsity of th gavitonic flux (i..-of th uncompnsatd thonic wind) at th M( )-mass sufac and spctivly at th m h ( h )-quanton sufac. g If th m p -mass psnt a photon having th spd v = c, th valu of th F i -foc, acting as a gavitic typ foc, sults fom th quation (4) as: F g (, c)= F g (,) -of a doubl valu compaing to Nwtonian static gavitational foc, in accodanc with th Einstin s thoy of lativity and th astophysical obsvations. 6

27 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls This cospondnc is xplaind by th fact that th fom with lontzian typ tm of th total gavitational foc F g i, may b obtaind also in th tnsoial thoy of gavitation fo a wak gavitational fild o asonably flat spac-tim, giving as solutions th gavitational analogs to Maxwll s quations fo lctomagntism, (Lano, Fdosin, Agop, N. I. Pallas t al. [8]), th g incasing of F i with th v-spd, bing quivalnt with an tansvsal lativistic ffct of th gavitational mass gowth: F v = g g m p (1+) = g g m v p, (=v /c). Th q. (4) givs fo th G-gavitation constant, th xpssion: h h 4 k c k c 4 c h g h g h g h 11 Nm G 6,67x1 ; (5) M m m kg h Th valu of th dnsity o g of th un-compnsatd thonic wind on th sufac of a black-hol typ sta-fo xampl, chaactizs only th local (not also th intgalactic) thonic dnsity: o, bcaus that it sults by th spd s statistic distibution of th thons civd/mittd by th solitonic quantum-votics of th lmntay paticls in numb popotional with th dnsity of th M-mass which may tain gavitationally also singons. W obsv also that accoding to q. () and (3), th valu of S g bing givn by a vy gat numb of quantons, fo an lcton, fo xampl, th valu of q G may b considd of siz od of th lcton chag, i..: S g S q G, sulting that th nti waknss of th gavitation foc compaativ to th lctostatic foc may b considd as bing givn by th valu of g, by th appoximation: k = F N /F g / a. In this cas, fo an unitay fom of th lctic and of th lctogavitic filds, w may obtain a plausibl gaug valu of k h and of h g considing fo th h 7

28 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt lcton cas th gaug condition: q G, which complis whith th xpssion of th lctogavitic fild obtaind also by M. Agop [8] stating fom th a acclation obtaind by an lcton in th fild of anoth, i..: N F ai m F m a Gi m 4 EG E m ( ( ) ( )); E G m a Gi (6a) sulting that q G (m p /m ) and th gnalization: E G = (m/q G )a Gi = (m /)a Gi - usd also fo th obtaining of gnalizd London quations [8], which by qn. (b) and (5), givs: g i F mp m p 4a qg EG (, QG ) k1 gc khmp gc g k a ; qg ; kh (6b) m m m sulting th gaug constants: k h = 7.4 [m /kg], h =1.6x1-5 m and: h = M c =8.8x1 3 kg/m 3 and spctivly, by q. (5): g (m )=1.4x1-9 kg/m 3 h g (m h ), (a m h h m ). Also, by (6), it sults that: k h = (/m )k 1. Th dnsity h of th quanton intial mass sults compaabl to thos of a hypothtical ponic sta. If th g and s-thon hav th sam M c dnsity as th quanton, it sult also th siz od of th gaviton and of th singon adius: g 1-31 m; s 1-8 m bigg than th Planck lngth (1.6x1-35 m) and th atio: s / g h / s 1 3. Also, it sults that: Q G = 4 GM(m /). 8

29 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls 1.7 A galilian Rlativist Expssion of th Paticls Acclation Th abandonmnt of th concpt of th though th postulat of th light spd constancy in Einstin s spcial lativity, ld to majo paadoxs in th physical intptation of lativistic quations, such as th so-calld th twins paadox fom which divs a vsion that may b d-namd: th th twins paadox. This vsion lads to th lativistic conclusion that, if two of th twin boths flw in spac with lativistic spds on pfctly symmtical tajctois in compaison with th thid both maind on Eath, but having a angl btwn ths tajctois, thn th fist twin should mt to th scond twin young than himslf (accoding to th lativistic quation of tim dilatation), but this coms in contadiction with th fact that th thid twin maind on Eath should obsv that both of thm tund young than himslf by an idntical diffnc of ag. Also, th Einstinian quation of spd-dpndnt mass incasing, lads to th philosophic paadox of infinitly mass gowth by its movmnt with lativist spd. By th concpt of cosmic th, it is possibl to avoid such paadoxs by a physical intptation of th Einstin s lativistic quations. In th cas of an acclatd m -paticl und a fild action in a quasihomognous sub-quantum mdium, (A c ), considing this mdium as an idal fluid with a s man dnsity, accoding to a spcific quation fo idal fluids th acclation a p of th m -paticl falling into th sub-quantum mdium is dpndnt on th falling v p -spd bcaus th sistanc foc of th subquantum fluid: F(, v) = S s v, in th fom: 9

30 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt a ps = a vp F(, v p ) F(,) _ ( 1- ); ap = ; a = ; F(,) S sw p p w m m (7a) This quation, fo a valu of th limit-spd of falling into this mdium qual to: w = c(c = th light spd) and fo non-lativistic v p -spd, appoximats th Einstin s quation fo th vaiation of mass acclation givn by a fild, considd in th Einstin s thoy of lativity as a sult of th spd dpndnt mass vaiation (and not of th F() foc vaiation), having th known fom: m = m /[1-(v/c) ] ½ = m /, Mathmatically, th q. (7a) is quivalnt to a longitudinal lativist ffct, of th paticl intial m -mass vaiation with th spd: m p * (v p ) = m p /[1-v p /w ] = m / ; with: w =.c (7b) considing fomally, an invaianc of F() foc with th mass spd. So, th Lagangan of a lativist paticl sults in th thoy in th fom: L(t) = - m p c = -m p c [1-v p /w ] = -m p c + ½ m p v p (7c) Th pvious thotical sult shows also a thotical limit of th paticls spd in Univs: w = c, which suggsts also that th thons may b tachyons, with v g >c. In this cas, th tachyonic coction which must b mad fo th valu of g, is: g c = g w = g (c) ; g (m ) = ½ g (m ) =.615x1-9 kg/m 3 (a) Th appant quasi-constant c spd of photons is possibl to sults as an ffct of th local quasi-homognity of th cosmic thonic winds pssu giving to photons th c-man spd fo a dynamic quilibium, givn by a 3

31 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls dnsity G of psudo-stationay thons of th galactic/intgalactic spac, by th quation: G c = g (w c) ; G [( -1) /] g (m )=.84 g 1-3 kg/m 3 (b) By (7b), th q. (4) sult in a fom simila to thos of Şomacscu s classic thoy of filds [6], which xplains also th plantay obits pcssion, th gavitation foc bing: g g 1 v / c g M m Fi ( ) Fi () ; F () G ; v v pcos v i s (7d) 1 v /c p It sults also accoding to q. (8), that th F(, v)-sistanc foc of th (sub) quantum fluid is quivalnt with a lativistic foc of (psudo) lctic typ: F q (, v) = S s v = q E ; (q =S /k 1 ). Th galilian lativist xpssion of th lctic fild sult accoding to q. (8), in th fom: E(q,, v) = k (c v) = E by a lativ 1 spd: v = (c v) (1 v/c), of th q - chag (7) 1.8 Th Soliton Elcton Modl Th Elcton Modl Along th tim, w poposd som classical lcton modls: Abaham s igid lcton modl; Lontz s spac-xtndd modl [9]; Pason s annula modl; Pag modl [3], which psums th xistnc of a magntic fild insid th lcton; th Poinca s modl, which psums th xistnc of a quantum pssu on th lcton sufac that givs its stability; th Bon-Infld 31

32 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt modl [31], which consids, as th Mi modl, that th lctic fild dos not diff ssntially fom th lcton, th Yadava s modl [3] and oth modls. In accodanc with th a3-a4 axioms of th thoy, considing th poton as a composit fmion fomd by gammonic pais of dgnat lcton clust typ, simila to A. O. Baut s paticl modl [33], fom th dducd quality btwn th lcton adius (fo -chag in sufac) and th poton adius: p =a=1.41 fm, it sult a similaity btwn th lcton stuctu and th poton quantum stuctu, which is pntabl by lctons until to th co lvl having th adius of appox.. fm and by potons until to an impntabl quantum volum having th adius of appox fm, [34]. Th xpimnts of scatting lctons on potons vald also som scatting cnts ( patons ; Taylo, Fidman, Kndall, [35]) with th adius of appox m and an xponntial distibution of th poton chag and of th nuclon magntic momnt, having th (η ms ) oot-man-squa adius btwn.86fm and.89 fm (G. Simon; I. Sick t al, [36]). Simila scatting cnts, having th adius und 1% fom th classic adius of lcton, w vidncd by xpimnts of X-ays xploation of th lcton stuctu, [37]. Som thois [38] basd on this xpimntal sult, consids that th lcton has th intial m mass compssd into a volum with th adius =1-18 m, but oth lcton modls consid that th lcton has a co suoundd by a pntabl cloud of vitual lptons conjugatd in pais having opposit chags, [39]. 3

33 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls In th Composit fmions (CF) thoy, th lcton is a composit fmion caying an vn numb of votics of th many-paticl wav function, [4], as a composit chial soliton. Accoding to th known lcton soliton modl, th lcton soliton chaactistics sults fom a solution of a nonlina Schöding typ quation, th -wav function of lcton having a lina pat which chaactizs th d Bogli s wav and a nonlina pat which chaactizs th distibution of th chag spatial dnsity: q () =, and of th lcton votx fild dnsity, [41]. Accoding to ths sachs and to th a1 a4 axioms of th thoy, fo a classic non-lativistic CF chial soliton modl of lcton, w consid a substuctu of lcton quantum volum fomd by vxons stabilizd by vxonic cntols, sultd by th confination of cosmic 3K photons fomd by paid vctons, aound an lctonic cntoid (cntol), by th lcton soliton votx,, which gnats also th -magntic momnt of lcton. Th considd lcton cold gnsis by vctons confining is in accodanc with Lontz-Einstin s pcption of lmntay paticls as condnsation of lctomagntic fild. Bcaus that th fomd vxons foms also bosonic pais of vxons blndd with polaizd vctons insid th quantum impntabl volum, thy a distibutd in lcton accoding to a Boltzmann typ statistic distibution: () = () -/ that also chaactizs th mixtus of bosons and fmions, th lcton sufac containing light m * w -polaizd vxons, (polaisd fozn vctoial photons). w w (m m ) 33

34 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Ths vxons givs th intial mass of lcton by this intial mass as fozn photons and foms th lcton quantum volum with th dnsity w () having-in accodanc with th a1-a4 axioms and by similitud with th stuctu of poton, th following substuctu [6]: 1. an impntabl supsatuatd quantum volum having th adius a i =.5.6fm, composd of vxonic lays-in vn numb fo positons and odd numb fo ngatons, with paid and magntically coupld vxons to th adial and th midian diction; Considing a psudo-chag: q * w = q w w of vxons, ( w =1) it sults that th vxons of th last lay of impntabl quantum volum attacts light vxons with oppsd q w * psudo-chag.. a chag s and stong intaction s quantum volum, having th thicknss a=a-a i, fomd by un-paid light vxons: m w *, attactd by th last lay of th impntabl quantum volum and polaizd with th w -psudomagntic momnts on th midian diction, by th -magntic momnt of lcton having votxial natu. Th q * w -psudo-chag of th polaisd vxons fom th stong intaction quantum volum of lcton, givs th lcton s chag: = (q * w ). Th attactiv o pulsiv intaction is caid though th vctoial quanta of th E-lctic fild, namd vctons in thoy, gnatd by th lcton - chag. Ths m v -quanta may coms fom th bosonic pais of th 3K-backgound adiation, attactd by th -votx and dividd by th m * w -vxons of th chag s quantum volum, th m v -vctons having th sam q * -psudo-chagas 34

35 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls th m * w -vxons of th lcton chag bing jctd with an ointd spin, foming th E-fild, and th maind antivctons bing absobd and dstoyd by th m * w -vxons having bigg mass accoding to th thoy. Accoding to th modl, th paalll polaization at ofm w *-vxons of th lcton chag and implicitly th valu of th vctonic flux: v (E), a popotional to th impuls dnsity of -lcton votx in th stong intaction quantum volum, by th dpndnc lation: Fig. 4. Modl of chial soliton lcton. ( ) (a)c ; ( () (); (a i a) (c) givn by th dpndnc: (; ) B(, a) () c sultd by q. (16) in accodanc with th known popotionality btwn th lctic chag and th magntic momnt. In accodanc with th xpimnts of lctons scatting concning th valu of th man adius of th -chag and of th -magntic momnt dnsity distibution insid th poton, accoding to an lcton clust typ modl of poton, by similitud it sult by th modl that th lcton dnsity () is popotional with th lcton chag dnsity q () in th stong intaction quantum volum, givn by th vxonspsudo-chag: 35

36 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt o o ( ) ( ) ; ( ) ; ; (); a a (8) q Th classic pobabilistic intptation of th -wav-function associatd to th stationay lcton sult by th conclusion that at a distanc x = fom th lcton cnt, th lcton is found in th popotion: [ ()/ ] = *= =R, by th pobability to found intinsic quantons. In accodanc with th xpimnts [37] showing that th lcton is a hadco fmion w consid also th xistnc of a sup-dns lctonic cntoid (cntol) having th dnsity: m 1 19 kg/m 3 and th adius: 1-18 m, so bing a vy pntant paticl, which may xplain in consqunc, th lctonic nutino as bing a half of thm (accoding to a sultd nutino modl chpt. 1). Bcaus that th dnsity of an lctonic cntol is bigg to thos of a dns black hol, it is asonabl to consid: m = 1 19 kg/m 3, giving a valu: m =½m.5 x1-4 m =4.5x1-35 kg, (m th lcton mass), fo th lcton cntol, fomd as a psudo-compact assmbly of quanton cntolsaccoding to a3 and a4 axioms of th thoy. In this cas, fo th nutino mass, it sult as plausibl th appoximativ valu: m 1-4 m compaabl with an xistnt xpimntal sult [34] fo th supio limit of th nutino st mass. Th sup-dns lcton cntol is chaactizd in ou modl by an intinsic chiality: =1 ( - =-1; + =+1) cosponding to a hypothtical hlix fom which dtmins th sns of th inducd -soliton votx lativ to th S * spin sns and which cospond to a sting fom of lcton cntol, with a adius 1-18 m. i 36

37 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls In this cas, th lcton mass, m = 9.195x1-31 kg, is a sum btwn th lcton cntol mass, m and th mass m v = (m -m ) of th quantum volum, having th adius: a =1.41x1-15 m, that is: m v a - 31 o o 4 ( ). d 9,19x1 kg ; ( ) = (9a) Accoding to th modl, th a-lcton adius is qual to th limit-adius of th -chag scala cloud, dfind as a spaation limit btwn th vxonic quantum volum of lcton and th volum of th -chag lctostatic fild, whos E ()-ngy is givn by a sphic-symmtical distibution of vctons which hav th sam q í *-psudo-chag sign lik th m w *-vxons of th lcton vxonic lay and do not tak pat to th lcton intial mass, bing wakly linkd with th lcton. Th calculation of th man adius of th lcton chag cloud sults considing that all m w *-vxons of th lcton lay a polaizd by th - magntic momnt, giving th -chag and by considing th continuity condition of th polaizd vctoial photons dnsity vaiation at th limit: =a, i.. considing that at th lcton sufac, th vxonic dnsity of lcton is qual to th vctonic dnsity of th E-fild and hav th valu: (a) = E (a) = /k 1 = 5.17 x 1 13 kg/m 3 (9b) Fom this condition and by th q. (9a), solving th intgal of m -mass, it sults a valu:.965x1-15 m, fo th -chag man adius, that is lativly clos to th valu of p ms=.895fm of th oot-man-squa adius of th poton chag distibution xpimntally dducd by Ingo Sick [36] and to th isoscala magntic man adius: m =.9 fm, givn with th Skymion soliton modl of poton, [4]. 37

38 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Fom (8) it sults also: =,4x1 13 kg/m 3. W must also consid that th dnsity of vxon-antivxon pais confind insid th lcton votxial ngy, complis with th chial sub-solitons foming condition [] which spcifis that th ngy dnsity = c of th mass-gnating votx soliton fild should b doubl, at last, compaing to th mass ngy dnsity: w = w c of th gnatd sub-solitons, i.. = w, lading to th condition: w. Basd on a thotical sult [9] which shows that at quantum quilibium, on th votx lins, th fild quanta hav th light spd: v t = c, and in concodanc with th chial sub-solitons foming condition [], w may consid that th ngy dnsity of th gnatd votx fild is givn by a soliton votx of quantons, of th lcton -magntic momnt: = v ct, with: v ct = c fo, ( ), and by a singonic votx A = w t, (cw t c), having th sam dnsity: s () = (), fo w t c, which gnats th magntic A-potntial of lcton andinducs th -votx, nsuing th ngntopy and th stability of lcton and xplaining th constant valus fo both th -chag and th - magntic momnt in lctic and magntic intaction, by th ngntopic popty of sub-quantum (thonic) winds. Th hypothsis of th A -votx xistnc is also in accodanc with th Ahaonov-Böhm ffct which vals th influnc of a magntic A-potntial ov th phas of d Bogli wav of a moving lcton also in th cas of a null magntic induction B= ota, [43]. Accoding to q. (8) and (18), it sults that fo, th magntic induction of th lcton fild has th valu: B j = k 1 c = (1/c)E i = k 1 v c, bcaus that th adial pulsiv intaction of ths vctons with th vxons of 38

39 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls lcton s -chag dtmins a spd of quantons of th -votx lativ to th vctons of th E-fild quasi-qual to th light spd, c, (figu 4). So, fo: w hav: = v and -votx poducs a kintic ngy dnsity of lcton magntic fild: kb () = ½.c -qual to th kintic ngy dnsity of th E-lctic fild quanta in th volum unit: ke () = ½ v.c -givn by this m v -vctons having th spinoial mass: m S = m v givn by an inducd quantonic votx, accoding to q. (4a). Thfo, considing th lcton m -mass as clust of confind vxons: () = w (), it sults that th chial sub-solitons foming condition [] applid in th cas of vxon-antivxon pais gnation insid th lcton volum, is spctd fo an idntical vaiation of th quanta dnsity: s ( A ), ( ) and w(v) (; E), fo th sam c-spd of quanta, i..: s () = () = w(v) () = ()/; ( ()=( )= s ()+ ()) (3) with() having th fom (8) fo a, (()= ()) and th fom (6) fo >a, ( () = v ()). Th q. (3) show also that is not possibl a al incasing of paticl mass without th incasing of its magntic momnt,. To th valu of singonic dnsity, must b applid th tachyonic coction (a). By th (c)-dpndnc lation: (a), th q. (3) xplain also th oppinion [44] that th poton chag and th mass dnsity hav almost th sam vaiation, -chag bing containd by th stong intaction quantum volum. Also, th lativ similitud btwn th lcton and th vctoial photon xplain som psudo-ondulatoy poptis of lcton such as th lcton bams diffaction o intfnc. 39

40 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt 1.8. Th Elcton Entopy and Stability Considing th () wav function associatd to th lcton stuctu, cosponding to a Schoding quation chaactizing an lcton soliton modl [45], by a Bohm-Vigi hydodynamic intptation [8] of th squa amplitud R =, that is: ()=R is/ħ, (S=p h l ; l ), with: R = -ε/k associatd to th intnal ntopy: = -k B lnr, th quality (3) suggsts a lina popotionality btwn th position ntopy insid th lcton and a total quanton action on th lcton votx lin: S h = m h cdl =m h c; dl in accodanc also with th d Bogli s hiddn thmodynamics of paticl [9]. Considing th d Bogli s lation fo th quantum tmpatu associatd to th stationay paticl: T c = m c /k B, it sults a man intnal lcton ntopy: έ = k B = (= ) = m c /T c = n h h ( = ); n h =m /m h (d) h psnting th man ntopy p quanton insid th lcton mass, m. Considing also-fo th solitonic pat of lcton, a stationay S -action and ntopy on th votx lin l =, by th d Bogli s quation of paticl s hiddn thmodynamics at quantum quilibium [9]: /k B S/ħ, it sult th popotionality btwn () and S h (): () = k B (/ ) = n h h () = (k B /ħ)n h S h () = (k B /ħ)s (); (31) by a cofficint of colation btwn ( h /k B ) and (S h /ħ), thotically pmittd [46]. In consqunc, th d Bogli lation of quantum quilibium allows th conclusion that th amplitud, R, of th () function associatd to lcton 4

41 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls 41 stuctu chaactizs th vaiation of th quantum dnsity: () of th m - paticl mass by th intinsic ntopy, () and th imaginay pat: I = is/ħ chaactizs th impuls dnsity vaiation of th magntic momnt quantum votx,, fo which S p = ()c, with: S =(m ) cl, (m ) = ( ) (). By q. (3), (31), w hav: c dl c m R S n S S k R h S h h o o c b o h h i ) ( m S ; l c ) m ( S ; ; R ) ( ) ( ; () ) ( (3) With =.965fm, and: n h =(m /m h ) =1.3x1, it sult fom (3) that: =64. Th stability of th lcton quantum volum is xplaind by th attaction foc gnatd by th -soliton votx which gnats th lcton magntic momnt,. In accodanc also with oth soliton modls of lcton [45], th stability quation of th soliton votx may b xpssd by th Schöding nonlina quation (NLS) with soliton-lik solutions, idntifying in this quation th tm: k n, (k n -th nonlinaity constant), with th stong slf-potntial, V p (), of th paticl, gnatd by its -votx of quantum volum: (33a) ) ( ] )/ ( [ ; R ; S i V k k k x m t i p n n n (33b) wittn fo an infinitsimal votx volum = (m / ) in conditions of quantum quilibium to th votx lin: l =, (x =l ), with l /t = c and without votx xpansion o contaction, i.:

42 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt i H ( Eˆ t R S i ; cf VP ) m 1 VP( ) ( ) c k x n ; (34a) with S =(m ) cl, which givs: k n =V P (o)=-½ c and xpss th quality btwn th valus of th cntifugal potntial E cf () and th slfpotntial V p ()=V p. Th fom (34) of th fmion stong slf-potntial cosponds to an Eulian attactiv foc of quantum dynamic pssu gadint: f p = V p = - P d, gnatd by a psudo-stationay quantonic mdium accumulatd by th A -singonic votx, having th sam (3) dnsity vaiation and a lativistic c-spd in pot with (m ). Th sam (34) xpssion has also th slf-potntial gnatd by th - votx having th sam lativ impuls dnsity, acting upon a (psudo) stationay mass having th impntabl quantum volum, i.: = I ; V P () = - ½ i () c. (34b) Bcaus th solitonic natu of vxons, by q. (3) it sult that th quantum intinsic ngy of lcton, which is libatd at lcton-positon annihilation, is givn as in th cas of photon, (q. (4)), by th intinsic votxial ngy of vxons, (inducd by th -votx), and by th kintic ngy of th lcton magntic momnt: E w = ½ m w c + ½ m c () = m c (35) in accodanc with th quantum mchanics conclusions. 4

43 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Fo th lcton xtnal pat, ( >a), accoding to th conclusions which show that th fild quanta movs with th light spd, c, on th -soliton votx lins, it sults that th lcton magntic fild is gnatd by a soliton votx: = A + B, which continu th intio lcton votx: i = A +. By th ffct of -votx and th -chag action, th lctic E-fild is gnatd by a vctonic hlicoidal psudo-votx: E, givn by th vctons movmnt on an hlical tajctoy, (figu 4), with th total spd: v v = v vt + v v = c, and with v v c along th adial diction, with a sphic-symmtic distibution givn by th quanta total flux consvation, as in q. (6): m = 4. v () = 4a. v (a) = constant. Fo th cas of lcton, th stability is nsud by th -soliton also by th condition of quasi-quality btwn th magntic ngy of th soliton votx and th lctostatic fild ngy: W s B=W s E W E = /8πε a = m c, givn by th lation: E = cb spcific to th soliton lcton votx, W E sulting qual with th intinsic ngy containd by th m -lcton mass, lik in th Yadava s lcton modl, [3], which dducs that: a =1.41fm, valu which is chaactistic to a (quasi) supficial containd -chag, with th non-contibution of fild quanta to th lcton intial m -mass. This stability condition is ncssay b fulfilld fo compnsat by th W s B-fild ngy, th W E -lctostatic ngy of lcton sufac which tnds to disintgat th lcton sufac by pulsion btwn th q w * vxonic psudochags which givs th -chag, accoding to th modl. 43

44 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Som ondulatoy poptis of th lcton givn by th associat d Bogli wav, may b xplaind as spd-dpndnt lcton spin otation by intaction with quanta of th quantum vacuum, accoding to th modl Th Intaction btwn Vctoial Photons and th Elmntay Chags Accoding to th thoy, having an own v -magntic momnt, th vctoial photon intacts magntically. Accoding to q. (3) it sults that th vctons o th vxons having th sam sign fo th v -chiality, th S v -spin and th q v *=q v v psudo-chag, shall intact pulsivly by magntic lastical intaction. Thus, thy will incas th vctonic pssu on th cipocally intacting sufacs of -chags with th sam sign. Ths chags intact pulsivly, in this cas. Fig.5. Elctostatic attactiv intaction. Th vctons and th vxons having opposit signs fo th intinsic chiality, th spin and th q v *-psudo-chag, shall intact attactivly by magntic intaction, (fig.5). Thy will fom, by nondstuctiv psudo-plastic intaction, (vcton-antivcton) bosonic pais, thus ducing thvctonic pssu on th cipocally intacting sufacs: S =a of th -chags having opposit signs. Ths chags shall also attact ach oth. 44

45 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Th Magntic Fild and th Magntic Intaction Accoding to th modl, th A votx of a magntic A-potntial, gnats a magntic induction: B=otA, by th gadint of th impuls dnsity: p A = dp A /d, which inducs B -votx-tubs of th B-induction aound psudostatio nay ntappd vctons of th q-chag. This thotical conclusion xplains th fact that th diction of th votxtubs B, which can b xpssd by thi hlicity: B, dpnds on th sns of chag s v v -spd and on th chag sign, as a sult of th intinsic chiality, v = 1 of th E()-fild vctons giving th -chag sign by this psudochag: sign(q v *)= v and which gnats th B-fild accoding to q. (18) by this movmnt with th v v -spd lativ to th quantonic mdium. Fo th sam concntation: n v, of vctons and of votx-tubs: B, w hav: B = n v. = (n B B ==> = q * v v u.q v v / ) u v v ; (u = /; v u v = v /v ; E = u n v v v q * v / ); (36) which givs by q. (8) in which: ()=n vm v, th valus: q v *=.73x1-44 C; B =1.3x1-41 T. Accoding to q. (3), th valu: = = psnts th vitual adius of th lcton magntic momnt, which is qual to th lcton Compton adius sulting by th known quantum xpssion of th magntic momnt, fom th quation: c h * h = k = = = S ; k = ; c; (37) 4 m m 4 m c 45

46 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt This valu: = 3.86x1-13 m, psnting th classical magntic adius of lcton, (th magntic momnt adius), is found by th lcton soliton modls as psnting th lcton soliton adius [1] and bcaus that: E=cB fo, it givs a magntic ngy of th solitonic votx: W s = W s E = ( /8πε a - /8πε ) /8πε a = m c i.. appoximatly qual with th intinsic ngy of lcton. By this thotical intptation of th q. (37), is avoidd th paadoxical xplanation givn by th classic lctomagntism which xplains th valu of th lcton magntic momnt by an lcton sufac volving spd xcding of 74 tims th light spd, c. Th solitonic significanc of q. (37) is that: v ct =c insid th soliton and that at a distanc: >, th spinning of quantons in th B -votx aound th - chag is achivd in conditions of quantum non-quilibium, accoding to th votxial kintic momnt consvation law: B = v ct = c = ct, fo: >, (38) with a lativ vlocity: v ct v ct in pot with th vctons of E-fild considd with a quasi-adial spd v c c at distancs >, (quasi-adially mittd -fig.4). This is quivalnt with a lativ ciculation: E = - B of th E()-fild vctons aound th lcton chag. Th magntic intaction btwn lctons is xplaind accoding to th CF-soliton lcton modl, though th intaction btwn th quantonic B votx-tubs of th B()-magntic induction, alignd antipaalll with th lcton - magntic momnt. 46

47 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls 47 Th B-magntic induction aound th -chag has, by q. (16), th xpssion: ) ( ; v v v ; ) ( ; ) ( ) ]( v [ ) ( v ct ct v v 1 v v 1 a a c k k B a a B j (39) in which B () psnts th man quanta dnsity ofth B-fild givn by its B - votx tubs with thi cospondnt quantons spd: =c, sultd fom th convsion of B -votx dnsity into B -votx tubs, by th gadint p A. Accoding to qn. (39), (16) and (38), fo >> th magntic induction B() has th fom which was found also by th classic magntism: ; ; c v ; ; v ct ct 1 > k c= k c a k ()= k B v B a 3 B a v j (4) Also, though th known lation: B=ot.A, it can b dducd by q. (39), th solitonic xpssion of th magntic A potntial of th lcton magntic fild: c c a k k k a c k B A s A a s s A s A a j k k A ' 1 1 A 1 1 n ; ) ( ) ( p ;. ) ( ; ) ( ; ; () ) ( ) ( 4 ) ( ) ( p ) ( ) ( (41) in which s () psnts th dnsity of A -singonic votx, sultd as having th idntical vaiation with th dnsity of B quantonic votx, accoding also to th q. (3), but fo which must b applid th tachyonic coction (a), (fo a al singon spd: w=c, s = s /) xplaining and th anomalous valu of. Th gadint: A k p A (), which givs th magntic induction B j by votxtubs foming, gnats also a magntogavitic foc and fild, accoding to q. (3), i..: F Mg - s ()c.

48 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Th magntic momnt is gnatd lik in th figu 6, by th -votx, ( ), which inducs sconday quantonic w -votxs of th light m * w - vxons of -chag, (in th lcton sufac), with th sns dpnding on this w -intinsic chiality: w w and continuing th xponntial pat of by -, xplaining th (c) dpndnc and th lation (37) btwn and. Th us of lation: = c/ in q. (4) is justifid by th quivalnc: E =- B and by th lations: = S(a)E(a)= S( )E( ), B( )=E( )/c, which givs: = [(S E) ( ) ] v v /, (givn by th lativ votx B ( )). Th p-quantum lcton spin: S * S = ½m c = ½ħ is gnatd accoding to q. (3), (5) gnalizd fo th lcton cas by similitud with th vctoial photon, (compaing th lcton with a smi-gammon) by a popotion: k s = ( ws / v ) = ( ws / v ) a = a/ = 1.8x1-3, ( a); ws (a)=m s /4a ; m s =m ; m s -spinoial mass of paid vctoial photons psnting in th modl, paid ulta-light m w vxons votxd aound th -chag by th inducd w -votxs, with v wt () c, insid th volum of Compton adius,. ; (S w ). Th m s spinoial mass of th spinoial fild, not contibut to th intial m -lcton mass bcaus th waknss of th attactiv intaction btwn th (m w -m w ) photons and m. By q. (5), th m s -mass may b also a ing multiphoton: nh of scala adiation (with two ows), with th lngth: l s = and a dnsity w (m w ) - givn by q. (34b): m c m a FC Vp a c 3 u w w w 48

49 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Th cas: S w cosponds to th ngaton, (S ; - = R -is/ħ ), xplaining its stability and th cas: S w cosponds logically to th positon, ( + = R is/ħ ; S = S =(m ) cl ). Fig. 6. Th gnation of and S. Th fact that th positon is votxially lss stabl than th ngaton in a vy stong magntic fild bcaus th adially ointd Magnus-typ foc acting ov th w votxs in th fild of, (magntic pulsion), may xplainalso th magntic momnt anomaly of th lcton:(g + -g - )/g = (-.5.1)x Th Magnto-Elctic Intaction (th Lontz Foc) Accoding to th CF-lcton modl of th thoy, th vxons of lcton supficial lay, by this w -magntic momnt having-convntionally, th sam sign of w -intinsic chiality as th lcton cntol -intinsic chiality, givs th -chag: ± =, ( =1). In this cas, th sultant of vxonic quantons otation at th lcton sufac, considd in th fom of an lcton sufac ciculation: * a = s (a) = ac, dpnds of th chag sign: * a = s (a) = ac ; =1 (4) 49

50 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt 5 Fo an lcton that passs with th v spd though a B-magntic fild having th B () man dnsity of quantonic B votx-tubs, th lcton sufac ciculation, a *, gnats a quantonic Magnus typ F L -foc on th moving lcton, (fig. 7). Th F L -foc sns dpnds also on th sns of th B-induction fild lins, though th lcton - magntic momnt ointd paalll with th B votx-tubs of th xtnal B-fild. This foc psnts th Lontz foc which is of Magnus typ accoding also to oth thois [6] and dpnds on th dimnsion: l = a of th lcton considd as psudocylind (poto-lcton, with bal-lik fom) and on th B-magntic induction, i.. popotional with th vctons dnsity of E-fild gnating th B-fild and with th lativ spd of B-fild quantons in pot with ths vctons, confom to q. (39): B p c = v ct = - v v = -p v, i.: ] / [v ) ( ; ; v ) v ( v v ct B * a ct 1 * c c a k B q a F B a L (43) in which th xpssion (1) of th -chag dpnds, in th lcton soliton modl, on th lcton a * -sufac ciculation and has th solitonic fom: Fig. 7. Th Lontz foc. 1 ; m kg 1 5,17 ) ( ; * 1 a a a a x a a c a k q (44)

51 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Th Emission of Elctomagntic and of Scala Radiation Accoding to th chial soliton modl dscibd in th thoy, fo an lctomagntic vibating chag, th pulsatil loosing and absoption of vxons/vctons fom/in th stong intaction quantum volum xplains th lctomagntic wavs mission, in paticula-by a Muna s typ modl of photon [15], composd by pais of vxons-accoding to ou modl. This pulsating losing and absoption of paid vxons, having th sonanc fquncy: =/ of th lctomagntic adiation, is a consqunc of th lativ modat ptubation of th paticl quantum volum, causd by th vibation of paticl knl with th incasing of intinsic ntopy, which poducs a pulsating inflation of paticl quantum volum by patial dstuction and altnativ gnation of vxons by thono-quantonic winds. This pocss is quivalnt to th gnation of lctomagntic wav fonts with th sam fquncy of chag vibation and with th ngy: f = h f = m f c, which, fo anoth -chag, dtmins its vibation with th sam fquncy, by an ffct which is quivalnt to a pulsating lctostatic intaction, causd by th intaction of th quantonic wav fonts of th photonic vxons with th chag sufac and may b xpssd by SNL q. (34) wittn fo an vxonic pai of ngy =ħ initially containd by th chag sufac of a-adius and mittd und th quantonic pssu ffct of th -votx whn: i ' i(kx-t) ' ih ( / t) a a [ Ec V ( a)] a ; (,t) R ; V ( a) (Vi - V ) ; k / /c (45) - a wh V (a) = h/ = ħ psnt th piodic dcasing of th initial potntial V i (a), th loosd mass bing piodically compltd by th mass of n vctons, h v, absobd by th chag whn th initial valu V i (a) of th potntial is stod, i..: V i (a) = (E c + nh v ) = E i c. 51

52 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt At th fmion vibation o dclation und ngtic shocks, s, th intinsic vxons of th paticl a asi dstoyd by th knl and th votxial stuctu is stongly distubd, dcasing also th lastic chaact of photons intaction with vxons of th -chag sufac. In this cas, n photons of ngy h i which in th unptubd stat a flctd, can pntat quasisimultanously th chag quantum volum and thy a piodically convtd insid th paticl volum, by th -votx, into vxons having bigg mass, aftwads mittd though th paticl -votx, i..: 1. E i c -V (a) = s =(V -V ) a ; f i. E c = E c + nh i ; 3. E f c -V = ε w = h w =n ε i. This conclusion is sustaind also by th xpimnt [47] of photons-lcton intaction, mad in 1997 with th Stanfod paticl acclato, using intaction of gn las puls with 1 W/m pak pow dnsity with 46.6 GV lcton bam, in which th sultd photons was gamma ays poducing pais and by th obsvations of γ-ays mission gnatd by thundstom, (italian goup,, [48]). It sults also that th xcding mass of thpaticl may b mittd-at last patially, as a stabl-boundd vxon-antivxon bosonic doubl pais: (m m w ) c w w, having null p-quantum spin, und th action of th magntic momnt quantum votx, (figu 8). 5

53 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Fig. 8. Scala quanta mission. This possibility cosponds to a scala adiation quantum mission, alizd accoding to th ngy consvation law applid to th convsion of quasisimultanously captud photons into a scala quantum of doubl vxonic pai with bigg mass, having th fom: nε i + m p c (by s ) m * p c +ε w ; nε ε w ; E v E v = ε w /K v (46) wh: i ; w -a th ngy of th captud photons and, spctivly, of th mittd scala quantum and K v is a constant which can b of ov unity valu accoding to som xpimnts [49], without contadiction with th ngy consvation law. Th q. (46) may xplain in this cas som contovsial phnomna such as th kintobaic ffct [49] consisting in a dynamic ffct ov a balanc with a body with wat and a micowavs antnna, obtaind by th absobd micowav ngy tansmittd in pulss of high fquncy, as consqunc of th ionizing ffct of th ε w -scala quanta, [6]. Also, th Kll ffct of adioactivity diminution of adium (fo xampl) by thmal ngy o high RF-wavs (ORANUR ffct) may b xplaind with th thoy as ffct of gamma-ay absoption by th vibatd atomic paticls. Th q. 53

54 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt (46) pdicts also th possibility of (m m p) bosons convsion in (paticlantipaticl) pais by las ays. p Th mittd bosonic doubl pais with a null spin: (m m w)c, cosponds to th chaactistics of th scala adiation photons which-as in th thoy of Gupta and Blul [5], do not contibut to th lctomagntic adiation ngy phnomnon xplaind with th soliton modl of photon by th fact that ths bosons psnts a pai of two h-photons of lctomagntic adiation coupld in anti-phas, as in th Tsla s thoy of scala wavs, with intial mass but with null magntic momnt along xm w c. Ths scala adiation quanta cosponds also with th xpimntal sults of T. G. Hionymus [51] concning th mission of scala adiation obtaind by lctomagntic vibation of atomic nucli, with th ngy of scala quanta in th violt and ultaviolt spcta: ε w h w popotional with th mass of th vibatd nuclus, accoding to th quation of hamonic oscillato fquncy:(k/m); (M=m n.a; k-th quasilastic constant). Accoding to th thoy and by q. (46), th nucli with nucla slf-sonanc and giantsonanc, a natual mitts also of scala adiation quanta. w w Th Elcton s Cold Gnsis Considing th fomation of th quantonic -votx as th main condition fo th fmion gnsis in a vy stong magntic fild which gnats a gnsic quantum potntial: Q G, fo th movmnt of a singl quanton to th - - votx lin: l = (a), it sults that-in th fmion gnsis pocss, at quantum quilibium, whn: c =m c c, th gnsic Q G quantum potntial compnsats th quanton cntifugal potntial, so: 54

55 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Q G = - E cf = -p c /m c Fo th fmion gnsis, th natu of th gnsic Q G -quantum potntial sults accoding to a1-a4 axioms, as bing a magntic gnsic fild, givn by th A -singonic votx of an xtnal sup-stong magntic fild as thos of a magnta typ sta o quivalnt, acting by a psudomagntic (singonic) B S induction in pot with c psudomagntic momnt of quanton and having th votx cnt in coincidnc with th fomd fmion cntol. It sults, in consqunc, accoding also to th q. (16) of th magntic induction, which th Q G -quantum gnsic potntial is givn by th quation: Q G = - c B S () = - c k 1 s * c = -p c /m c = -h/ = - E cf (47a) acting as a psudomagntic intaction of th quanton with th gnsic magntic fild. Th dynamic quilibium of focs, fo s = s -/ ;.96fm, givs: F G =Q G = (-1/) Q G =(1/) h/ =m h c /= h/ l ; l = 1.9fm>a; (47b) Fo th lcton cold gnsis, th q. (3) sultd fom th chial sub-solitons foming condition [], impos-by th lation: a 3 a = m fo th poto-lcton, th condition: * s a = 5.17x1 13 kg/m 3, sulting that: c 1.36x1-46 Am ; B S x1 1 T. Th obtaind citical valu of B S psnts in th thoy, th minimal valu of a gnsic magntic fild which dtmins th confination of vctons and of quantons in paticls, and is chaactistic to a magnta-sta which can gnats lctons by a gnsic Q G -potntial simila to but diffnt fom th d Bogli quantum potntial. Th pvious mchanism of CF paticl cold gnsis is diffnt fom thos sultd fom th quantum mchanics as a pocss of vitual paticls 55

56 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt tansfomation in al paticls in th gavitational fild of otating black-hols, fom th polaizd quantum vacuum, (Zldovich, Hawking, [5]) but it is in lativ accodanc with th classic conclusions about th thonic stuctu of lcton (Lamo, Lontz) and of th magntic fild (Maxwll, Hlmholtz). 1.9 Th Cold Gnsis of Paticls in th Potounivs s Piod Th possibility to xplain th basic poptis of th lmntay paticls by a factalic cold gnsis stuctu, sustains also th conclusion that bfo th actual matial Univs, xistd a Potounivs fomd initially by lptons of a poto dak ngy, i.. -thons and quantons which was votxially confind, foming dak photons, dak paticls with bigg mass and Majoana nutins which -by this votxial confination, a gnatd massiv nutins (postulatd as componnts of Potounivs also by th Dak matt Univs modl) and mico and mini-black-hols with gowing mass and magntic fild. Th possibility of dak paticls fomation by th confination of dak ngy, as dak chial solitons, is agud also in oth thois [53]. Also, th foming of votxial balls of dak ngy which may foms mico/mini-black hols cosponds to th cas of a gavista foming and volution, i.. -a dak ngy ball with had-co, simila to th hypothtical gavasta, poposd by E. Mottola and P. O. Mazu [54], [55]. By th considd poto-dak ngy stuctu, sultd fom th thoy: g- thons, (m g =( )kg), s-thons (m s =( )kg) and quantons, (m h =h/c =7.37x1-51 kg), and by th considd intial mass quantum volum adius of CF-paticls: CF =1.41fm, it sult that-accoding to th considd 56

57 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls chial sub-solitons foming condition [], th man poto dak ngy dnsity ncssay fo cold gnsis of a CF-paticl having a m CF mass, is: * =m / m / 11.7fm CF CF CF 3 (48) valu which can b obtaind locally by votxial confination fom a low dnsity. Th local tmpatu and pssu of th poto dak ngy with = * is givn by th quantons of quantonic winds, accoding to th classical quations: (49a) m h c k B T ; P =( /m h )k B T = m CF c / CF =1.5x1 61 m CF [N/m ] (49b) sulting that: T =4.8x1-11 K, * 3.7x1 4 Kg/m 3 and: P =3.3x1 1 [N/m ] fo th cold gnsis of th 3K-backgound adiation smiphotons and photons, (m CF =m v =3x1 1 m h ). At th sam tim, th obtaind T valu xplains th possibility of micoblack hols foming without vapoation, in th Potounivs. So, th thoy pmits th hypothsis of a cold gnsis of th 3K backgound adiation. Th q. (49b) shows also that th poto dak ngy quantonic pssu locally ncssay fo th dak paticls gnsis was th quantonic pssu ncssay fo th lcton cold gnsis, i..: P =1.36x1 31 [N/m ], valu which pmittd th fomation of Big Balls of potomatt in th dak ngy votxs of th Potounivs. Th gat dak ngy dnsity in th Potounivs cnt not pmittd th fomation of stabl atoms, accoding to th thoy, but could b fomd mtasta- 57

58 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt bl stats of atonium, i.. psudo-atoms having a nuclus and non-quantifid lctonic obitals, fomd in conditions of mtastabl dynamic quilibium: F S () = F R () s ()(c-v ) = R ()v (); R () s (), v c/, (5) alisd btwn th F S ()-foc of singonic S -votx and th advancing sistanc foc, F R (), givn by th bownian non-votxd componnt R (), of th dak ngy. 1.1 Th Nuclons and th Nucla Focs Th wll-known thoy of Yukawa fo th nucla focs xcisd btwn nuclons, psuming an xchang of magntically intacting vctoial and psudo-scala msons btwn nuclons, has som dficincis that dtmind th poposal of a vsion with pulsiv tm of th nucla potntial, (Fidman, Kndall [35]). Also, it is ncssay to xplain in th msonic thoy which foc impds th msonic quanta to lav th nuclon. In NLS quation, paticulaly, th non-lina tm (33b) may b takn in th fom of a non-local intaction of Yukawa typ [56], possibility that suggst a CF typ of nuclon, with intnal votxial stuctu. Th lcton soliton modl of th thoy allows an cvasi-unitay xplanation also fo th nucla focs, though a dgnat lcton clust modl of nuclon, psumd also by A. O. Baut [33] by th known modl of lcton, but sultd in CGT by th axioms: a1-a4 of th thoy, supposing a modl of cold fomd poton as chial soliton clust, composd of (N p +1) dgnat lctons (smigammons) votxially confind, (N p -vn numb), which givs th poton mass by a clust of N p boundd dgnat lctons and an attachd positon with + intg chag. Fo th poposd CF modl of nuclon, in accodanc also with 58

59 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls th quaks thoy, w may consid fo th boundd dgnat lcton, a chag dgnation to th valu: / 3, complying also with th hypothsis of quasilctons with factional chag: / 3, usd by Haldan and Halpin fo xplain th factional quantum Hall ffct, [57], and w will consid ths boundd dgnat lctons of th N p clust, as bing quasilctons, (*= / 3 ) Th Poton Modl It is known that in compaison with th intaction at high ngy, whn th ngaton is annihilatd by th positon, sulting two gamma quanta, at low ngy intaction th ngaton and th positon can fom a had-gamma quantum, without annihilation of magntically coupld lctons, which can b bokn into th two componnt lctons, in an lctic fild of a nuclus o in an intns magntic fild o by a las bam, (paticl pai poduction phnomnon, [58]). Th possibility to fom quasistabl ( )-oscillons at low ngy of ( ) intaction sultd fom th thoy, bings agumnts fo a poton clust modl of (N p +1)-dgnat lctons, [6], having an attachd positon with dgnat spin and magntic momnt, axially positiond, ntappd by an int clust: N p, as in th poton modl of G. C. Wick modl, [59], which-accoding to som thotical opinions (A. Pais, 1986), xplains also th abnomal valu of th poton magntic momnt, (th poton gyo-magntic atio). In ou CF modl, th N P -int clust is composd by boundd quasilctons, having * = / 3 chag, i.. lctons with dgnat chag, mass and magntic momnt, magntically coupld by th -quantum votics in ngaton-positon pais, with th intial mass in th sam quantum volum having th adius: n =a=1.41fm and with this cntols foming th m -mass of 59

60 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt th nuclon co having th adius: m =.1fm accoding to th xpimntal data [34], sming as a Bos-Einstin condnsat of gammonic ( )-pais. Th dgnation of lctons coupld in (* + -* - )-pais, supposing a dcas of its mass, of -adius and of -votx dnsity in th stong intaction quantum volum, sults by th quantons mutual intaction in ths patially supposd votics, intactions that diminish th quantonic () dnsity of th -votx on th lcton sufac, to a valu cosponding -by l. (d), to th chag: * = / 3 of a quasilcton, i..: x o ( a) a x ' ( a) ( a) 3,44x kg / m 3 ; a 1.41fm (51) wh (a)/ (a) = (/3), psnt th popotion of m w *-vxons paallly polaisd by th * -votx in th *-quasilcton sufac, potd to th nomal lcton, accoding to th (c)-dpndnc lation of th thoy: ( ) (a)c ; ( () (); a i a). Th valu: * (a)=( / 3 ) (a) cosponds-by q. (51), to a dgnat man adius of th magntic momnt distibution, of valu: * =.755fm, sultd by th incasing of intnal ntopy of lcton which xplain by l. (c), th quasilcton chag in a CF-modl diffnt fom th dssd lcton modl of quasilcton, (A. Goldhab, J. K. Jain, [6]), supposing CF-mdium scning, which xplain lativ atificially th poton chag. Th singonic A votics of th N p -clust may b considd as undgnat, bcaus that w may nglct th wak mutual intactions btwn singons which has cvasinull votx, accoding to th thoy. 6

61 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Psuming-accoding to th modl, an un-dgnat A -singonic votx of quasilcton in th N p -clust, in accodanc with q. (3) divd fom th chial sub-solitons foming condition [], w may appoximat th m *-mass of quasilcton in th N p clust, considing a dgnation of th stong intaction quantum volum mass, at th valu: m * ½(1+⅔)m, obtaining fo th mass of a bound quasilcton, th valu: m * ½(1+⅔)(m - i) + i 7.95x1-31 kg.87m = f d m, (5) which cosponds by (9a), to a man adius of th ()-dnsity vaiation: d =.93fm-clos to th valu: p ms=.895fm found by I. Sick [36] fo th poton s chag distibution, (considd with th sam vaiation lik d poton mass dnsity). Fo th mass of a dgnat gammon * (m * m *), it sults also by q. (9a), th valu: m *=m *=1.74m. In this cas, th nutal poton clust is fomd by: N p =1835.1/f d 14 paid quasilctons, accoding to th modl. Th loosd pat of lcton ngy: (*) (1-f d ) m c = 65.3kV, in th dgnat * gammon fomation pocss, has th significanc of a binding ngy p quasilcton-simila to th cas of th duton. Th vitual adius n of th poton magntic momnt, p, compad to th lcton, dcass whn th potonic positon is includd in th N p clust volum, fom th valu: =3.86x1-13 p m, to th valu: = =,59fm, as a consqunc of th incasing of impntabl quantum volum man dnsity, in which is includd th potonic positon cntol (m ), fom th valu: to th p valu: f N, confomd with th quation: n d 61

62 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt (53a) m p = k p m p p c g 1 p n ( ) d k p k p P Bp= ; k p =.79 f d N g n n (53b) in which: g P ; g -th g-facto of - -; p + magntic momnt; ; th man dnsity of lcton and of nuclon; + -th position of th potonic positon cntol in pot with th poton s cnt; f d -th dgnation cofficint of th m *-mass of quasilcton. Th intptation of th paticl s mass-dpnding magntic momnt vaiation, givn in CGT by q. (53), xplains also th fact that whn th poton is tansfomd in nuton, th mittd positon -obtain th -magntic momnt valu of th f-stat, by th ngntopy of quantum and of subquantum mdium, givn by quantonic and thonic winds accoding to th thoy. Th vitual adius of th poton magntic momnt: p =.59fm, sultd fom q. (53a), may b considd appoximatly qual to th adius of th impntabl nuclon volum, of valu: p i.6fm usd in th Jastow xpssion fo th nucla potntial, [61], by th conclusion that th impntabl nuclon volum, bing supsatuatd with quantons it limitats th dcasing of p = c -quantonic votx adius, at th valu: p = i. Th valu N = c /1836 of th nucla magnton, givs-by q. (53), a magntic momnt adius: o i = m =.1x1-15 m, that psnts th Compton adius of th poton, givn by a psumd cntal position of th poton chag valu clos to th xpimntally dducd poton co adius:.1.3fm ([34]; [6]) and to th xpimntally dtmind poton quak adius, [6]. Th q. (53b) also givs: + =.96 fm fo th axial position of th potonic positon n 6

63 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls cntol, which may xplains also th P paity violation in th bta tansfomation, (i.: th lcton/ positon mission pdilctly in th dcay diction, opposit to thos of th nucla spin) Th Foming of Elctonic Obitals in Atoms Considing-in paticula, th cas of th hydogn atom, accoding to th considd CF-clust modl of poton with incopoatd positon, th singonic A -votx of th potonic positon xplain th v ()-spd vaiation of th atomic lctons by th conclusion that ths lctons a volvd aound th nuclus by th action of a tangnt foc: F A (), givn by th singonic pssu of th A votx: P s () = s ()w = s ()c, (accoding to th tachyonic coction, (a)), in a dynamic quilibium with th advancing sistanc foc: F R () givn by a spatial dnsity, R of a quivalnt psudo-stationay singonic mdium: s ()(w-v ) = R ()v (); ( s ()= s a (a/) ; c w c) (54a) Th lcton v ()-spd vaiation in th hydogn atom sults fom th quantification law of th obital kintic momnt of lcton: L =m v =n.h/, (v=v /n; =n ), in th fom: v () a v a o c ; = = = ; =,53A (54b) c Fo a, (w-v ) w, so it sults that: R () = a s (a/). Th q. (54b) shows also that at th distanc a a fom th poton, th lcton would b volvd M by th p -poton votx with th spd: v c, which may b xplaind in ou modl, if th poton s p -quantonic votx satisfy th condition: a a p a c, (55a) 63

64 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt So th q. (54a) may b appoximatd by q. (54b), fo w c and: s () ½ s (), by th smi-mpiic fom: (55b) a a a a ( ) 1 a s ; R(a) s ( 1) ; R( ) v s ( c v) ; a 8 R (55c) with = / 1. An agumnt fo th q. (55) is th fact that at disintgation of th nuton, th lasd lcton has an ngy cosponding to a spd clos to th light spd, (v β =kc.9c) xplaind with q. (55) by th conclusion that this spd is givn to th lcton of - p adiation by th votx of th maind poton. Also, th sam votx givs th nutino spd. So, th atom poptis may b xplaind by a votxial modl, diffnt fom th classic (votxial) modl poposd by Thomson and Klvin. Th appant contadiction btwn th valu a a and th adius: p =,59fm of th poton s p -magntic momnt, may b xplaind in th modl by th fact that th potonic p votx, givn by its positon, gnats also th w -votx of paalll polaizd m * w -vxons of poton sufac, giving th + - chag and having th confind votxial ngy: w w =w =½m h ( h ) =½m * w c containd by a chial soliton with adius: n w (a n - p ). This (w w )-votxial ngy dcass xponntially-in th poton cas and givs th valu a of ( P )-poton votx adius, lik in figu, th o i -vitual adius of th poton magntic momnt bing xplaind by th fact that th lina pat of th potonic p -chial soliton is inducd aound th poton knl and aound th m cntol of potonic positon accoding to q. (53). Bcaus that fo th lcton CF modl cas, th vxons of lcton sufac has a dgnat Compton adius appoximat qual with th lcton Compton adius: w, xplaining th lcton pquantum spin: S =½ ħ, 64

65 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls (fig.), it sults by q. (53) that fo a vxon of th poton s sufac ( 1.4fm), w hav fo a w -votx: n w ( /1836) 1.4/.93 =.946fm. So w may consid in q. (55) th valu: a a + n w.35 fm, fo which: p a c. It sults in this cas, a smi-mpiic lation fo th vaiation of quantons tangnt v ct -spd in th Γ p µ -poton votx, which cosponds to th q. (38), (53) and (55), in th fom: c, v ct ( ) p c a 1, fo : a fo : a a n w.35 fm;.35 fm ; (a 1.41fm) p,59 fm i (56) Th quality btwn qs. (55b) and (55c) sults fo a.35 fm and v =kc=1c, by a valu = / =1.95, cosponding to: =.1 fm = i. Th xponntial fom of is givn by th dnsity of th supposd sconday w -votxs in th volum of adius: a a. In accodanc with th sultd lation: k(a/), by qs. (55b) and (55c) it sults also, fo a, that a nucla paticl such as an mittd quantum o a nutino mittd in a -tansfomation o in a msonic tansfomation ( + ), may b acclatd by th potonic A -votx in a tim of 1-3 s to a spd v =kc with k 1, (xcding th light spd, c). Fo xampl, fo =1.5 fm, k =1.19. So, it is possibl to xplain by th thoy, th sult of th cnt OPERA xpimnt [1] in which was obsvd nutins with a spd xcding th light spd, mittd fom a CERN s acclato and dtctd to th Gan Sasso 65

66 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt lab of Italy, ( Natu, spt. 11). Is xplaind also th coillss - adiation mission/absobtion phnomnon, (th Mössbau ffct). At th sam tim, th valu of R () fo a, xplain th stoppd light xpimnt (L. V. Hau, 1) which vidncd th possibility to duc th spd of a light bam which is passd by a small cloud of ultacold atoms of sodium foming a B-E condnsat, [11]. Also, th Compton adius vaiation may b xplaind by q. (55) with a valu of th -cofficint: = (m/m p ) /, (m; m p -th paticl s and th poton s mass), in th fom: = i / i (m p /m). Th sultd p-quantum soliton modl of atom, of TK, which dgnats in th Boh-Sommfld s modl at TK, is also consistnt with som oth soliton modls of atom [63] and allow th xplaining of th lcton tansition on sub-fundamntal lvl (n=1/) in th hydogn atom, (i.: th hydino atom [64]) obsvd in som xpimnts of cold nucla fusion [64] by th conclusion that th quantification of th lcton numb of an atomic ngy lvl: N(n), cosponds to a supficial chag dnsity of constant valu fo an ngtic lay considd as having quasi-cylind (bal-lik) fom, of l -hight and quantifid -adius, (figu 9): Fig. 9. P-quantum atom. 66

67 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls N(n) = Q(n)/ = (ζ.π l )/ = n ; Q(1)=, o =/(ζ.π. l ); =n. o (57) Accoding to th modl, th tansition on sub-fundamntal lvl (n=1/) is spcific to th hydogn atom, by th condition Q(n=1/) =, (H-atom having a singl lcton), condition which givs a adius fo th und-fundamntal lvl obital: * o = /(..l ) = o /. Fo oth atoms, with bigg mass, th tansition on sub-fundamntal lvl: (n=1)(n =½) sults as possibl by stimulatd lctonic tansition, accoding to th modl, (by las xcitation with: h = E 1 - E ½ ), sulting possibl also th poducing of mascons (concntatd mass, sultd by th atomic adius dcasing and stong int-atomic focs). By this possibility it may b gnatd a stimulatd K½ -lctonic captu to som atoms (such as Am): p n +, accoding to th modl Th Nucla Foc In th cas of a potonic clust, fomd by N p -quasilctons, th quantonic * -votics of paid quasilctons, inducd by th singonic * A votics aound ach lctonic cntol with cipocally opposd snss, hav logically, an quasi-idntical vaiation of th v c -tangntial spd of quantons as in th cas of th p -soliton votx, givn by q. (56). It sults fo a poton, that th supposition of th (N p +1) quantonic votics: *, gnats insid th volum with th adius: a =.35fm, a total dynamic pssu: P n = (1/) n ()c having a vaiation accoding to qs. (3) and (51), i.: 67

68 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt 1 1 * * o * a P n()= n().c = n.c. Pn,, 755fm;. 35fm (58) in which th poton dnsity in its cnt has th valu: o n =(N p +1) o =15 o =4.68x1 17 kg/m 3, (with: =.4x1 13 kg/m 3 ), and givs an appoximat mass of th impntabl quantum volum, i (a i )=.9 fm 3, of valu: m i (a i ) n I = 4.1x1-8 kg. Accoding to th law of idal fluids xtndd fo quantum fluids in a fom that nglcts th xtio focs, i..: P d () + P s ()=P M M s =constant, (P s cosponding to th totally dstoyd votx), in th poton nucla fild a volum having th adius:.35 fm, th gadint of quantonic dynamic pssu: P d () = P n () acting upon th impntabl nuclonic volum i (a i ) of an anoth nuclon, gnats a scala nucla foc: F n () = gad V n s (), confoming to th Eul s quation [6]: n dv Fs ( ) Vs ( ) ni. i. Pd ( ) n ( ) f xt, with : ni m i; f xt (59) dt though th static quantonic pssu gadint having th sam valu but an opposd sign:p s () = (P M s () - P d ()) =-P d (). Th scala nucla foc btwn two nuclons is poducd by a scala nuclonic potntial: V s n (), having-by q. (3), (51) (58) and (59), th fom: n i Vs () = - i P n ()= - n () vc =V s * ; (v c c); V s i n c ; a.35fm (6) Th F s ()-foc acts only upon th i -impntabl quantum volum bcaus that th st of nuclon is pntabl to th fild quanta action, (to th quantons action), accoding to th modl. 68

69 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Thus, by q. (6) is thotically -found th xpssion of th xponntial nucla potntial, with a spcific dpnss of th potntial wll: o V s = MV and with * =.755 fm compaativ with th known xponntial potntial, which has: V o s = MV and: * =.67 fm, [34]. At th distanc d fm btwn dutonic nuclons (gnally considd as th dimnsion of th nucla potntial wll), it sults fom q. (6) that th scala nuclonic potntial V n s () has th valu: V n s (d) = MV-valu which cosponds to th known man binding ngy insid th stabl nucli: MV. By th givn intptation of th q. (53) th msonic thoy of th nucla foc sults as fomal, (only quantitativ), in ou modl of CGT. W obsv also that th fom (6) of th nucla potntial comply with th fom (34) of th stong potntial of th lcton, pviously dducd by th SNL quation (33a) with soliton-lik solution, by a paticula valu: k n = -V o s and with = i, V n s () sultd fom q. (34), in accodanc with th supposition pincipl, spcific also to th quantum mchanics. Th singonic dynamic pssu: P s d () of th n A votics of (N p +1) - potonic clust, gnats a scala gavito-magntic potntial, simila to th nucla potntial V n s () but acting upon a volum: n c m p / M = 1.67x1-7 /8.8x x1-51 m 3 givn by th sum of th lctonic and quantonic sup-dns cntols of th m i - n intial mass of impntabl nuclonic volum, i. Bcaus that th valu c sult as bing of 1 6 tims small than th valu I =.9fm 3, by q. (3) it 69

70 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt sults that th scala potntial gnatd by th sum of singonic A -votics is of a lativ ngligibl valu latd to th nucla potntial. Howv, latd to th nuclon gavitic potntial, this magnto-gavitic potntial V Mg () sults of significant valu, having fo a, a vaiation accoding to q. (6), of shot ang and may contibut at th maco-scal, to th black hol ffct, spcially in th cas of a magnta typ sup-dns stas, accoding to th thoy. At th mico-scal, this gavito-magntic potntial contibut to th maintaining of vxons and of quasi-lctons cntols insid th nuclonic quantum volum xplanation complying also with th chial soliton modl with quantum potntial, suggstd also by oth thois, [8]. Fo > a, by q. (59) it sults that th gavito-magntic potntial gnatd by an lmntay paticl ov anoth paticl with th mass m p, has th fom: V Mg c ()= - s() mp a a mp wt = a c V ; V c M Mg Mg M a (61) Th Nuton Modl Complying with th CF poton soliton modl, th nuton sults in th thoy confoming to a Lnad-Radulscu dynamid modl, (Dan Radulscu, 19, [65]) accoding to which th nuton is composd by a poton cnt and a ngaton volving aound it with th spd v * < c at a distanc * a, at which accoding to q. (53), it has a dgnat S -magntic momnt and a n S -spin. Th volving of th nutonic ngaton gnats a ngativ obital magntic momnt, L, th nuton magntic momnt sulting accoding to quation: 7

71 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls L s L v n p ( + ) = ( 1,91,79) N - 4,7 N ; with : (6) Bcaus that th nutonic ngaton obital otation tak plac und th action of th dynamic pssu: P d =½ρ μ ( * )c of th n -quantonic votx, foming th p -poton magntic momnt and having th n () dnsity insid th quantum volum, w can consid also th quilibium lation of th dynamic pssus givn by ths dnsitis acting ov th volvd dgnat ngaton aa: S a i, by th appoximation: n ( * ) N p f d ρ μ ( * ) confom to qs. (53a) and (3), in th fom: ρ μ ( * )c ρ n ( * )v ; ρ μ c f d ρ n v, (f d =.87); v c/f d (N p +1) (63) with: = =.4x1 13 kg/m 3 ; n =4.68x1 17 kg/m 3, sulting that: v =.33c 7x1 6 m/s. Also, by q. (53) gading th magntic momnt dgnation, considd also fo th incopoatd nutonic ngaton, it sults that: * S o n - N ; ( )= ;,93fm; * n n. d d (64) ( ) n * By (6), (63) and (64), it sult that: =1.41 fm; L N ; S N, so th n valu sults by th conclusion that th nutonic ngaton has th m -cntol of th quantum volum positiond in th sufac of th potonic quantum volum, (fig. 1), whil fo th positonic poton which is axially positiond, th q. (53) givs: + =.96 fm. * * Th spin and th volving fquncy of th nutonic ngaton aound th poton cnt sults by: = v / =.79x1 1 Hz 71

72 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt = (/m )S; S n = S (m /) =.5 ħ, (ħ=h/), in concodanc with th (quasi) quality btwn th spin of poton and of nuton, (S n S p =½ħ), sultd in th quantum mchanics. Fig. 1. Th nuton modl. So, by q. (53) in which n = a fo all CF-paticls, ou modl solv th classical poblm of th nuclon spin and magntic momnt valu, poblm which dtmind th abandonmnt of th classical nuclon modl psuming incopoatd nuclonic lcton(s). Th continuous ngy spctum of -adiation obsvd at th nuton tansfoming, cosponding to a v -spd of β-lcton of valu:.7.9c, is xplaind-in accodanc with q. (55), (56), though th acclation givn to β- lcton by th p -votx of th maind poton aft -disintgation, which also dpnds on th β-lcton mission angl, Th Duton Modl and th Duton s Slf-Rsonanc In th cas of duton, th xpimnts [66] vidncd a binding ngy: E(d) = -.6 MV, fo th al duton having paalll nuclonic spins and of about -.7MV fo th vitual duton having anti-paalll nuclonic spins. Compaativly to th binding ngy valu: V n (d) = -8.4 MV, (d=fm), of th 7

73 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls undistubd dutonic stat fomstabl multi-nuclonic nucli, th valu E(d) = -.6 MV indicats, by q. (56) and q. (6) of th modl, a dcas of th quantonic dynamic pssu: P d () = (1/) c () v ct in th CF chial soliton of th N p -potonic clust. Fig. 11. Th duton. a This dcasing is gnatd by th dcasing of -adius of th xponntial pat of quasilcton chial soliton, *, at a valu: c a =.35fm, as consqunc of th ptubations causd by th potonic knl s intinsic vibation insid th dutonic nuclons with an E v -ngy which dcas also th valu of th nucla potntial wll: V s, in accodanc with q. (6), to a valu: V * s V s. This conclusion is in concodanc with th Onsag s obsvations gading th dcas of th ciculation valu fo a sup-fluid ptubd ov a citical valu, [67]. Confomd to q. (56) and (6), th xpssion of th duton binding ngy sults in consqunc, accoding to: * V ()= - i s n() vc ( ) =V * s * c V * d * c ; d; V * d k * v V s c (65) in which: * =.755fm and V s * = k v * V s, (k v * <1; V s o = MV) by th dutonic slf-sonanc mchanism. 73

74 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Fom ngtic point of viw, th ffct of th E -vibation ngy which dcass th duton binding ngy to th valu E(d) = -.6 MV, may b xplaind by th contibution of th nucla potntial, V s (d), to th duton slf-sonanc stat though an altnativly dstuction-gnation mchanism of th un-ptubd duton stat. Thfo, if th dutonic nuclon vibation has th amplitud A v aound th position x=d, btwn two positions: x 1 and x, (figu 11), th kintic ngy: E c =V s (x 1 )-V s (x ) of th dutonic poton is tansfomd at th impact of nuclons i -quantum volums, in an ngy = m w c of dstoyd vxons in th sufac S i = a i of i -impntabl volum. This dstuction which tansfoms th intinsic -ngy of dstoyd vxons into static quantonic pssu, patially tansfoms th attactiv gadint of dynamic quantonic pssu into pulsiv gadint of quantonic pssu, with a dgnation of th potntial wll: V s V * s, in accodanc with q. (65), by th incasing of nuclon intnal ntopy, which poducs th nuclons -spaation against a dgnat nuclonic potntial: V s (d) = E D -.MV. Th dcasing of th V s -nucla potntial wll sults in this cas popotional with th man vibation ngy: E v (d, l v ) pmittd by th nuclon vibation libty: l v = A, accoding to: V * s V s ( d, l ) E ( d, l ) v v * 1 v v Vs 1 k v Vs v Ev ( d, lv ) (66) in which v ; E v (d, l v ) psnts th citical valus of v and of E v (d, l v ) which cancl th attactiv potntial V s * (d). Bcaus that th mass dfct: m D =(m p +m n -m D ).3MV/c, sulting at th duton foming as dstoyd 74

75 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls vxons mass/ngy,, v cosponds to th E D -binding ngy, it sults that: E v (d, l v ) = ½ m p v p (d) = v = -E D =.6 MV. Accoding to th modl, simplifying, w may appoximat also that th initial valu: V( a ) of th potntial wll is covd by th ngntopy of th thonic winds at th distanc-limit btwn poton and nuton: d = d+a * fo a, which th nucla potntial givn by q. (6) fomally xtndd also fo has th appoximat valu: V s ( d ) = E D = -.3MV. In this cas, by q. (65) it sults that: l * v c* c* η * μ μ k * * * V V V V ΔE ; η * s (d,e v ) V s (d l v ) s (d) s (d) v s (d) a D, 755 fm ; (67a) d μ sulting that: d 3fm and A * =l * a =1fm. With: =.35fm, it sults also fom k v * q. (67) that: =.7; c* * c* 1fm; 1.fm. k v By q. (66) it sult that: E v * (d, l v * ) =.66MV and that: c a l v * (67b) This thotical sult complis with th conclusion of quantum mchanic s duton modl, that-on avag, th duton nuclons a found outsid th limits of th potntial wll having th lngth: d d =fm, th pobabilistic duton adius bing, in QM: R D =4.3fm, [34]. Th valu: E * (l * v =1fm) =.66MV, cosponds by a classic quation of th vibation ngy: E D = m p A v (68) 75

76 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt to a vibation fquncy of nuclons in th al duton, of valu: v = D v =1.8x1 1 Hz, which cosponds in th quantum mchanics to a phonon with th ngy: h v =7.4MV. So, it is xplaind by th modl th fact that was obsvd missions of - quanta with ngis h v until to 17MV-xcding th nuclon binding ngy, without th nuclon spaation, lik in th cas of action: 7 3 Li+p + 8 4B+ Accoding to th modl, th -quantum is mittd by th vibatd nuclon at th impact of nuclons impntabl quantum volum, whn: V s () h. Compaativ with th plastic intaction of dutonic nuclons with A v, whn th vxon ngy: v ( n ) of th nuclon supficial dstuction is mittd as a binding ngy, ( v =m n c ), in th vibatd poton cas this ngy is usd fo nuclons -spaation followd by mission of -photons by th vibatd poton, with th gnation of th nuclon mass and voticity, by th * A -votics and by quantum and sub-quantum winds. It is thus xplaind also by th nuclon p-quantum modl of th thoy, th mchanism of th non-dstuctiv intaction btwn nuclons at lativ high ngis. Anoth kintic caus which inducs th potonic knl vibation insid th duton, dtmining th dcasing of a -adius of th * -soliton, is - accoding to th modl, th volving movmnt of th dutonic poton cnts aound th nutonic ngaton und th action of th ( - ) votx quantonic pssu, which dtmins also magntic attaction. 76

77 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Thus, considing th potonic cnts volving with th v p -spd aound th nutonic ngaton at an avag distanc: d / 1.5fm fom it, th diffnc btwn th sum of th magntic momnta of th dutonic nuclons in f, stat and th duton magntic momnt xpimntally found: d =.857 N sults fom th quation: L L D L L = ( + ) - =,6 with : ( v )/ (69) d n p d N ; D p p d L L Thfo, with =-.147 N it sults that: D =-.167 N ; v p =3.5x1 6 m/s and a valu: V CF () = ½m p v p = 64kV of th nuclon cntifugal potntial, which compnsats th potntial of lctostatic intaction. In consqunc, th thoy xplains th nomal duton as bing a quasi-stabl oscillonic coupl: ( 1 p 1-1 n ), i.. with slf-sonanc. In th vitual duton cas, th nuclons having anti-paalll spins, th nutonic ngaton volvs as in its f stat aound th poton cnt of th nuton, passing piodically with th fquncy: =.8x1 1 Hz btwn th two duton potonic cnts, and bcaus that th two dutonic potons has antipaalll magntic momnts, th nutonic ngaton intvns with a pulsiv magntic potntial: V n (d d /).3MV against th poton. As a consqunc of th inducd duton s slf-sonanc, th dutonic potons a thus -spaatd to a distanc: d = d+a * v with A * v i, which dtmins in accodanc with q. (68), a maximum dcas of th dgnat valu c givn by (67b) at th valu: p,6fm cosponding at: l * v =A * v fm, and a dcas of th scala nucla potntial at a minimal valu: V * s (d; l v ) -.6 MV -which is cancld by th maind nuclon s vibation ngy, xplaining th fact that th duton having anti-paalll nuclon spins is a vitual stat. 77

78 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt In consqunc, accoding to th modl, th spin-dpndnc of th nuclons stong intaction is givn by diffnt valus of th vibation ngy and of vibation amplitud. In a convntional simplifid fom, d spin-dpndnt nucla potntial may b xpssd-in accodanc with th sultd phnomnological modl and with q. (67), in th fom: V n s ( ) V s l * v 3 1 * * * s [MV] ; lv lv ( p n ); ; (7) s with: V s = MV; * =.755fm; l v A v; l v (E * v ) 1fm fo th duton and: l v (E v =) =. Th duton modl of quantum mchanics consid also a slf-sonanc vibation mchanism of th duton fo xplain th duton s E D -binding ngy but in a diffnt way, considing a cipocal vibation of ths dutonic nuclons with an ngy: E v MV, [34] valu which is in a lativ discpancy with th valu of th E D -binding ngy. Th cospondnc with th quantum mchanics fomalism fo th nucla intaction [34] may b justifid witing th q. (34) fo: m i = i p () in th paticula fom: m V i p - k 1 k ; k ; ( ) ; V ( ) k - ( ) c V p n i p p (71a) i.. considing th m i (a i )-mass of th impntabl quantum volum of th attactd nuclon in a quasi-ctangula potntial wll V p of anoth, having th adius: a = /k. 78

79 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Fo a psudo-potonic clust of N c =1837 un-dgnat lctons, (V p ) V p =V s (N c /N p +1) =-13.3 MV, ( p ) p =N c and k (-V p /ħc), so: * =1/k =.956 fm vy clos to th valu: =.965 fm of th -chag and mass man adius of th lcton, obtaind in th thoy. Also, fo th potonic clust of (N p +1) dgnat lctons, to V s = MV it cospond in (71a) a valu: =1/k =.8(3) fm, so th fom (6), (7) of th nucla potntial classically obtaind, with = * =.755 fm, may b -obtaind by a dgnation function: f D = l v in th fom: n / ' / * l V Vs ( ) f D ( ) f D Vs ( ) Vs ( ) ; Vs MV ; a 1. 3 fm o (71b) Also, considing that th nucla vibation spcta is gnatd by xcdntay nuclons as quantifid dutonic vibations with phononic ngy: E v (d) = nħ+½ ħ, (ħ.33mv, [34]) th sultd duton modl of th thoy xplain also phnomnologically th zoth vibation ngy: E = ½ ħ, of T K, by th spcific slf-sonanc mchanism. Also, it sults th non-cipocity of nucla intaction, i..: th nucla potntial V NK () gnatd by a poton ( N ) ov a mson ( K ) diffs fom V KN (), gnatd by a mson ov a poton. Th dducd modl of nucla intaction is in accodanc also with th conclusion of Q. M. modl which consids that th stong chag of nuclons dcass with th intaction ngy, in nuclon-nuclon collisions Th Atomic Nuclus; A Quasicystal Nucla Modl Confoming to th solitonic dynamid nuton modl, to th sultd duton modl and to th obsvations gading th nucla stability that 79

80 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt shows a maximum stability fo th vn-vn nucli, th p-quantum nucla modl of T K sults as a quasicystallin clust having nuclons coupld in dutonic pais, and cosponding also to th -paticl clust modl, to th nucla molcul modl and to th xtm -unipaticl typ modl, [68]. Fig. 1. Quasicystal nuclus. Accoding to this quasi-cystal modl, th nuclus consists of magntically and symmtic coupld squa oot foms with an intg numb of -paticls. Accoding also to anoth quasicystal nucla modl, (Lonnoth, [69]), th wakly bound xcdntay nuclons o alpha-paticls fomd fom th valnc nuclons, a volvd aound th quasicystal nuclus, as in th xtmunipaticl modl (Schmidt, [68]), by th action of quantonic N -votx of th nucla magntic momnt which xplains also th nucla cntifugal potntial accoding to th thoy and to th sultd quasi-cystal nucla modl: B = (1/) L(L + 1) = m v /; ( R v v c ; B N ) (7a) fo L=1 sulting: v =,x1 6 m/s, valu cosponding to a nuclus with S = 9/ and n 4 N such as th -missiv nuclus of 1 Bi: Bi = 4,8 N. Also, th q. (66) fo th nucla potntial wll is in accodanc with th gnalizd modl of nuclus which consids an intaction potntial of th 8

81 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls xcdntay nuclons foming th supficial shll with th st-pat, of th fom: 1 Vo V ( ) Vo 1 Vo m. o. ; o (7b) R m.r Th obital volving libty of th unpaid nuclon aound th quasi-cystal nuclus sults by q. (65), (66) and (71) as a consqunc of its low binding ngy dtmind by a bigg l v -vibation libty, which xplain also th - dcay of nuclus by th nucla bai dcas, without th hypothsis of nucla bai tunnling, usd by th quantum mchanics. Th stabl nucli, with a magic numb of potons o nutons: ;8;;8;(4);5;8 and 16 (fo nutons) may b found by th modl as symmtical quasi-cystal foms, sultd fom th supposition of squa oot foms with an intg n -numb of -paticls, having n potons [6]: Z=(n ), (n=1..7) and with tndncy to a minimum dfomability: ; x =8; (x3 =18); 18+=; +8=8; (x4 =3); x5 =x3 +x4 =5; 5+3=8, (figu 1) o of quasi-stabl tiangula foms ( 1 N) o hxagonal foms ( 19 K) compltd with additional nutons, fo Z. Th 8 Pb 8 nuclus cosponds to th initial fom: 14 N 8 (Z=(4 +6 )) in which potons was tansfomd into nutons by - -mission giving Z = 8, accoding to th modl. Th modl xplains similaly also th sup-asymmtical nucla fission [7]: 1. RaC14+ Pb8, (Oxfod, 1984); U34 Mg8 + Hg6, (P. Pic, 1986),. U3N4 + Pb8; Pu36Mg8 + Pb8, (Dubna 1984, 1987), though q. (65), (71), by th conclusion that th incompltnss of th quasicystal ntwok o an xcding numb of nuclons dtmins a bigg l v

82 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt vibation libty fo ths nuclons wakly bound, which dcas th scala nuclonic potntial and gnats ith th nuclus fission in sub-nucli with symmtical quasi-cystal foms, (fquntly in magic stabl o quasi-stabl foms), paticulaly alpha-paticl mission, ith vibational gamma-spcta sultd by th slf-sonanc of wakly bound nuclons o alpha-paticls. Though th sam quations (65), (71), by th duton slf-sonanc mchanism and without th hypothsis of xciting ngy concntation on a singl nuclon o of nucla bai tunnling, usd in th quantum mchanics, it is also possibl to xplain th following: th compound nuclus tansfomation mchanism by xcitation with paticls having low ngy, up to MV, as in th cas of B9 which can b tansfomd with a -quantum of only 1.78MV vn if th binding ngy givn by th sum of th nuclons is 58 MV; 1. som actions with thmal nutons (having som tns of V), as in th action: Li7+H1 B8 + H4 +, gnatd with only 15V poton ngy, o in typical actions (n;), such as th action: B1+nLi7+, gnatd by thmal nutons vn if nomally th a ncssay nutons having an ngy of.5 1MV; [34].. Th mission of a nuclon o a paticl fom a compound nuclus xcitd with paticls having only 1 MV, aft appox sconds, as in th nucla actions of th typ: Ca (p, n) Sc; Al (p, ) Mg. By th popty of igid otato, th quasi-cystal modl of nuclus complis also with th vibatd igid otato modl of nuclus, (Schmidt typ-with th unpaid nuclon gnating th nucla spin and magntic momnt) and with th xpimnts of -paticls scatting on havy nucli, which hav vidncd a bhavio of ths nucli in accodanc with a quasi-cystallin nucla 8

83 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls stuctu (W. Bau, K. Eshov, [71]) which can b fomd whn th distanc btwn alpha-paticls is compaabl with th lngth of d Bogli wav of alpha-paticl and which can captus alpha-paticls, (K. A. Gidnv, K. V. Eshov t. al, [7]). 1.1 Th Bta Disintgation Th fact that accoding to th nuton dynamid modl, th potonic positon co-xists with th nutonic ngaton insid its quantum volum until th nuton tansfomation with mission of an lcton and an antinutino,, may b xplaind by ou CF modl of nuclon, though th hypothsis that th diffnc of appoximat.53 m btwn th nuton mass and th poton mass is givn by th sum of th nutonic m -ngaton mass and a dgnat *-binding gammon, considd as a (quasingaton-quasipositon) pai having a common dgnat quantum volum and spacd cntols by an ffct of static typ chag (gnatd by flction of singons). This *-binding gammon, calld -gluol in ou modl, hav thus th intinsic ngy: = m *c 1.74m c.889 MV. Fo a bound nuton insid th nuclus, this -gluol has a quasi-stabl position btwn th poton cnt and th nutonic ngaton. Though an intinsic vibation of th nuton, i..-of th nutonic ngaton in pot wiht th potonic cnt, inducd in nuclus by nuton vibation, th cntols of -gluol coms into contact and its *-quasilctons cipocally annihilats ach oth, loosing th quantum volum whos intinsic ngy,, is tansfomd by th sultd quantonic static pssu, in th -disintgation ngy of th nuton, acting upon th maind cntols of -gluol and upon th nutonic ngaton. 83

84 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt At th sam tim, th coupl of cntols of th disintgatd -gluol, having th mass: m, is mittd by th singono-quantonic -votx of th maind poton in th fom of a vy pntating paticl by th action of th local quantonic pssu with th spd v c o with tachyonic spd, this paticl bing xpimntally idntifid accoding to CGT, as lctonic antinutino having th appoximat supio limit of th st mass [34]: m ( ) = m 1-4 m = 9x1-35 kg Considing th lctonic pai: of th CF-nuton as a gammonic mtastabl stat: = - + +, attachd to th paticl nutal M*-clust fomd by quasi-lctons, it sult that th known action of bta disintgation [34]: 1 1 k n p Q 78kV (73) may b considd in th thoy, as divd fom a action of th fom: 1 n n n (M * ) M * 889kV ; M * p (74) givn by th dissociation of th mtastabl -gammon with th tansfomation of th -gluol: t 889kV ; Q k ; ( loosd ngy) (75) action in which th coupl ( - ) may b considd as a nutal paticl: a tion, t. Th scap of β-lcton fom th nuclonic fild sult -in th thoy, in th condition of nuton slf-sonanc with an intinsic E vibation ngy of 84

85 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls th nutonic lcton, inducd by a E n v (d) -vibation ngy of a dutonic nuton satisfying th condition: E n (d) E v (d, l v ) = E D =.6MV; E m c =.511MV (76) valu which cancl momntay th V s (d) nucla potntial, confom to q. (66). Th sultd -quantonic ngy acts upon th sultd -nutino and upon th - -lcton and dtmins th pntation of th nuton fild by ths paticls, by an ngy of th - -lcton impntabl quantum volum: i m i c =.11MV which xplain th loosd ngy: = - Q k 16kV - ncssay fo lav th nuton at a cancld valu of th nuton stong potntial, obtaind accoding to qs. (65), (66) and (76). An agumnt fo this thotical conclusion is th fact that th ngy of -quanta mittd by a nuclus aft -tansfomation may b until to.5mv, [34], valu xplaind in th modl by th vibation ngy of th poton maind bound in nuclus by th fild of adjacnt nuclons. Bcaus that th maximum ngy of nutino is: =m c 1-4 MV - accoding to (7b), th nutino mission not solvs th poblm of nonconsvation ngy in -tansfomation. Th xplanation of th obsvd continuous ngy spctum of -lctons sultsin th modl by th ngy givn to -lcton by th p -soliton votx of poton and it dpnds on th angl of lcton initial impuls, (p ; p ), givn by th -ngy, in colation with q. (55) which xplains also th xpimntally obsvd tachyonic nutinos, (OPERA xpimnt) and th Mössbau ffct, (th coillss gamma-adiation mission/absoption). 85

86 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt In this cas, th hypothsis concning th xistnc of a W -boson mdiating th wak intaction of -disintgation, usd in th quantum mchanic s standad modl, is not stictly ncssay, in ou modl its natual quivalnt bing th coupl: w - = (+ - ), (a wson ) which gnats th bta disintga- tion in th fom: w whn:. Th action of poton tansfomation by K-lcton captu by an Eunuclus fo xampl, (Gamow-Tll tansition), in which is mittd a nutino of 89 kv ngy: 1 p + - n + (89kV) (77) may b xplaind similaly by th conclusion that th captud ngaton and th potonic positon fom a mtastabl gammonic stat: = ( ) of dgnat lctons, which is tansfomd into an -lctonic nutino by cipocally annihilation of th lctonic quantum volums and mission of th cntol coupl having th mass: m ( ) = m. Bcaus that th nutonic ngaton bing opn thmodynamic systm, gains th f stat valus of spin and magntic momnt whn it is mittd as - -lcton, accoding to q. (53), by th quantum mdium ngy, th total spin S n is not consvd in th bta disintgation-accoding to th modl, th chaactistic lation btwn paticl spins bing in consqunc: S n +½ = (S p + S + S ) (78) sulting that: S ( ) S ( ), bcaus that: S n =S p =S =½, th nutonic dgnat lcton having th spin almost null, as a slcton in th Supsymmty. 86

87 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Th q. (78) xplain also th fact that at th poton tansfomation by K- lcton captu, th lcton spin is not tansmittd with th B -valu to th fomd nuton. Fom q. (78) it sult also that th lctonic antinutino is idntical to th lctonic nutino, this thotical sult bing in accodanc with th conclusion that th lctonic nutino is fomd as a doublt of lctonic cntols having opposd -intinsic chialitis, which dtmins a null chiality of th nutino that xplain th lack of votxial stuctu and magntic intactions of th lctonic nutino and implicitly -its popty to pntat th matt. This thotical sult is complying with th Majoana modl, which consid a nutino as a supposing of two Majoana filds having qual masss and opposd CP paitis, [73] and may xplain th doubl bta dcay confimd by th doubl lcton captu in 13 Ba obsvd in 1. Th cipocally opposd quantum hlicitis of th ngaton and positon, makd in th - and + disintgation (Wolfnstin [74]), a xplaind in th thoy by th S * -soliton spin dpndnc of th -intinsic chiality of m - lctonic cntol which by its supposd hlix fom, dtmins an lcton spin ointation ith paalll o antipaalll with th impuls diction whn is passing though a quantum and sub-quantum mdium. In accodanc with th thoy, at high tmpatus as thos of supnova, (T1 11 K), bcaus th ptubation of th nuclonic votxial stuctu by paticl vibation, th + -gammonic positon of th nuton may not b taind by th nutonic M n *-clust and th nuton is tansfomd, with a tmpatu-dpndnt pobability, by gamma mission, in th fom: (M n* ) M n* 889 kv (79) 87

88 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt By q. (79) is xplaind also th ffct of intnal convsion, i.. th nucla mission of a ( ) pai by a nuclus xcitd with an ngy: h m c and th -ays mission of pulsas and of som lightning phnomna. Th pvious conclusions can xplain also th cosmic pulss of gamma adiation dtctd as coming fom th diction of Oot cosmic cloud [75] and sulting by collision of nucla componnts phnomnon not nough undstood by oth thois. Accoding to th q. (79), this pulss may b xplaind as bing poducd by pulsatil contaction of th volum of a supnova o a nutonic sta, with pulsatil incasing of th nucla tmpatu, T n, o by intgally gammonic tansfomation of th nuclonic M n *-clust at T N 1 13 K. In accodanc with th thoy, bcaus that at high ngy, in th intio of stas, it is poducd with a pobability dpnding on th nucla tmpatu, also th action (79), it sult th possibility to xplain th discpancy btwn th actual modl of sola nutins mission and th obsvd sola nutinic flux ( =9/1) by th hypothsis of nuclons mutual tansfomation: p n with nutino absoption, accoding to th actions: p (p ) n ; n p (8a, b) by th tansfomation of -antinutino in a -gluol insid th poton: and th disintgation of th fomd n -nuton, inducd by a nutino absoption, chaactizing spcially th actions: A Cl ; Cl A Also, th P symmty violation in th -dcay, may b xplaind with ou nuton modl by th conclusion that th - -lcton is initially attactd by th. 88

89 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls potonic positon positiond to th bottom pat of th maind poton with S p y-axis, bing mittd with p = mvs p Th Elmntay Paticls; Th Msons and th Bayons Th pvious conclusions concning th disintgation wak foc, may b gnalizd fo oth paticls fomd at cold, by a Q G gnsic potntial accoding to th thoy, as a nutal M*-clust having an vn numb of quasilctons and which has attachd: 1. a positon, in th positiv chagd paticl cas (o a ngaton fo this antipaticl);. a tion, (t ), fo th null lctic chag paticl cas, o: 3. a tion (t ) and a ngaton ( - ), foming a tton : T - = t = t + w, fo non-nuclonic bayons, i.: a positon attachd to th nutal clust M* co and two diamtically opposd ngatons volvd aound th co, at th paticl quantum volum sufac, bound ach of thm to th co of M*-clust by a -gluol. Th paticl soliton modl of dgnat lcton clust typ is also in concodanc with th thoy of Olavi Hllman [76] which consid th paticl intinsic ngy (mc )-qual to th total ngy of a spin fild xpssd by th -wav function and intacting with th lcto-magntic fild, accoding to th Schmidt modl (1959) of th binay intaction btwn spin filds. This thoy dducs th valu of lmntay paticls mass, by a simplifid lation: 89

90 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt K (81) m 1 31 M p m; ; m 9.1x1 kg hc 137 with a tolanc und 1%, nglcting th lctomagntic fild contibution, by intg valus of K m, as a multipl of th mass: M = 68.5m ; (K m =3; 4; 14 fo th msons,, K). Th concodanc of Olavi Hllman s thoy with th CF chial soliton modl of paticl, sults in ou thoy by th conclusion that th spinoial solitonic mass of lcton is qual with its intial mass, with th non-paticipation of th lctomagntic o spinoial fild mass to its valu, m. By th valu m *.87 m of th quasilcton mass, obtaind in ou thoy, th basic nutal constitunt with null spin and th mass closst to th valu: M =68.5 m obtaind by O. Hllman, is th nutal zon : z* =78m * 68 m, which may b considd a quasistabl fundamntal constitunt of th lmntay paticls by a modl of cold gnsis of it, by vy stong magntic fild votx of a magnta typ sta o quivalnt. By th basic z*-zon it is possibl also to dduc a quak modl of cold fomd paticls with cunt mass of quaks, which givs th paticl mass by th sum ul, considing as fundamntal stabl solitonic constitunt of msons and bayons, th quacin c = z*/ =39m * 34m, with q* = / 3 and S* c =½ħ - in f stat, which can fom divd quacins, i.: quakons, with odd numb of c quacins and zons : z, with vn numb of paid c-quacins. Th sultd stuctu of th fundamntal lmntay paticls, considd as fomd at cold by quaks with cunt mass and factional lctic chagq* = (+²/ 3 ; - 1 / 3 ), fomd as pionic clusts, is givn by th following sub-stuctus: 9

91 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls quacins (S * =½; q* =± / 3 ): c =34m =(c + * ); c 1 = 3c =1m ; (psudo-pons) basic zons (S*=): z*= (c +c ) = 68m ; z 1 =z* =136m ; z = (c - 1 +c + 1 ) =3z*=4m basicquaks (S*=½): m + 1 = (z 1 - *- ) = ( )m =135.13m ; (mak 1 -q* = + / 3 ); m - = m =137.87m ; (mak -q* = / 3 ); m m ; Divd zons (S*=): z = (c - 1 +m + 1 ) =37.13 m ; z 3 = (c 1 + z 1 ) =476 m ; z 4 = z +z 3 = m Divd quaks (S*=½): p + =m 1 +z 3 = m, (pak- q*= + / 3 ); n - =m +z 3 = m, (nak- q*= - 1 / 3 ); λ - = n - +z =851 m, (lak- q*= - 1 / 3 ); s - = λ+z 1 =987 m, (sak- q*= - 1 / 3 ); v s z 113m, vak q* ; n p Elmntay paticls: Msons (S*=): (thotical masss) / (known masss); (s s antiquak) - = z + - = 5 m / μ + =6.7 m o m1 m1 7.6 m / 64. m 91

92 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt 1 m +m 73m / 73. m 1 K m m / K m o o K m m / K 974.5m o m s m / 173 m Bayons (S*=½): p + =p+n= m ; n =n+p= m ; /p + = m ; n = m Λ o = s+n+p=1 m ; / Λ =18.7 m Σ + = v+p=345.6m ; Σ - = v+n=35.74m ; / Σ + =37 m ; Σ - =34.6 m Σ o = v+n+p=348m ; / Σ =333 m o = s+p= m ; - =s+n=587.87m ; / o =57 m ; - =587.7 m Ω - = 3v =3369 m ; Ω -* =v+s=333 m ; / Ω - =378 m. Th diffnc btwn th obtaind thotical masss and th known xpimntal masss may b xplaind by th conclusion that th impact ngy of paticl foming fom oth paticls, dtmin th tansfomation of som constitunt *-dgnat gammons in -nutins by th loss of th quantum volum ngy; (sub-chapt 1 of th thoy). Accoding to th thoy, it sult also th xistnc of th nxt bayon sonancs as paticls which could b fomd also at cold: o =v+p = m ; - =v+n= m ; (known mass: 85 m ), and: -* = 3s - = 961 m ; (known mass: 34 m ). 9

93 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Th way in which th al chag of th tansfomd paticl is distibutd on th sultd paticls was considd accoding to th quak thoy, considing a factional lctic chag: q* = +( / 3 ), givn to quak by a quasilcton and cosponding to a dgnat magntic momnt. Th sum of th cunt quak chags and cospondnt magntic momnts sult as qual to th al chag:,,, and to th al magntic momnt of th initial paticl, bcaus that th impuls dnsity of () -soliton votx of th al lmntay unpaid -chag of th lmntay paticl is givn as a sum of componnt votxs cosponding to th componnt quak chags, accoding to th (c)-dpndnc: ( ) (a)c ; ( i a), spcific to th thoy: c () = c ( / 3 n -m); = (n p N m) [ N ] (8) wh n; m-th total numb of quaks and spctivly-th numb of quaks with ngativ chag, (- 1 / 3 = + / 3 - ). Fom q. (8) and th lation: n / p -/3 - sultd in th known thoy of quaks, fo th nuclons magntic momnts, it sults that: p = 8x4.7/15.5 N ; n = ( p -4.7 N ) -. N. By q. (8), it can b xplaind also th fact that in th + disintgation th whol poton chag is mittd by a singl lpton th mittd positon. It sults also fom q. (8) that th cold gnsis of bayons with mo than th quaks is possibl. Th pvious p-quantum CF modl of paticl, agus -also by q. (8), th possibility of th cold gnsis of paticls, in vy stong quantum votics, th 93

94 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt modl not-bing in disagmnt with th chial soliton quak modls of th quantum mchanics, [77]. It sult also-fom th thoy, that th chagd ; msons hav a non-null p-quantum spin: S* = (m /) = ( / )S =.185 ħ, givn by th intinsic dgnat lcton. It can b obsvd also that-xcpting th paticls and, th masss of th pincipal lmntay paticls can b found as clust of zons: z* = c = * = 68m, having th fom: a) n z*, (n=1...5); b): (3 x n +n)z*, (n =1...3), c): 3x n z*, (n = 4) (83) which indicats th tndncy of small paticls to fom clusts in a a)-fom: a): n=1, (m 1, ); n=, (, ); n=4, ( ); n=5, ( ); o tiplts in b) o c)-fom: b): n=, ( ); n=1, (z ); n=, (K,- ); n=3, (p, n ); c): n=4, ( - ); o: (3x) n z*; n=, (,,,- ), a tndncy spcific also to th quaks thoy of th paticl standad modl. Accoding to th modl, in wak intactions a tansfomd quaks: m ; n - ; λ - ; s - o/and v - in thi componnts, foming nw paticls, lik in th xampls: a1) (Exp.): Ω - (3v) o (s+p) + (m m ) Q ; (Q-th action ngy); (tho.): v s z ; v z m z z ; z m m ; z z z ; m m ; m z p ;

95 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls p - + s - Ξ o ; Ω - o + π - + (z 1 +z ); (z 1 +z ) Q; 1 a) (m m ) (z ) ; m 1 + (z 1 - *- )+m (m )z (3z*+ + )+z*; + + +z*; z* +Q; a3) Ω - (3v) o (s+n+p) + K (m ) ; (a contovsial action) (tho.): v - λ - + z 1 ; z 1 m m ; m K v - n - + (z +z 1 ); v - s - +z 1 ; so: Ω - (3v) K - ( +) + (s+n+m 1 +z +3z 1 ). m 1 Bcaus that: p + = m 1 +z 3, th action is possibl if: z + z 1 z 3 +c, and by: m 1 +z 3 p +, in th fom: Ω - (3v - ) K - ( m 1 +) + o (s+n+p) + (z 1 +c ); (z 1 +c ) Q, but bcaus that th z*-zon is quasi-stabl, th action pobability is low. In th stong intaction of paticls, th consvation of th stangnss quantum numb is quivalnt to a law of quaks consvation which stats that th quaks which nts in stong intactions a not tansfomd by wak intactions, but thy can foms zons with oth quaks o combinations with quaks sultd in fom of quak-antiquak pais, also fom zons of th polaisd quantum vacuum, by th Q i -intaction ngy which tansfoms bosonic (zonic) vitual (q-q) pais of th polaizd quantum vacuum in al (q-q) pais by quaks spaation, whn Q i E q -binding ngy of (q-q) pais, lik in th xampls: m 1 b1) π - ( +m ) + p (p + +n - ) + Q i Λ o (s+n+p) + K o (m + ); 95

96 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt (Expimntally vidncd as possibl) (tho.): +p + + Q i + (m 1 +z 3 ) + Q i +z 3 +Q i (s - + s ); m 1 m 1 s - + n - + p + Λ o ; s +m η o ; action thotically pmittd in th fom: π - + p +Q i Λ o +η o with an ultio tansfomation of η o : η o ( s +m ) K o (m + ) + Q (z 1 ) b) π - ( +m ) + p (p + + n - ) + Q i Λ o (s+n+p) + π o (m 1 + ); m 1 m 1 (Raction fobiddn by th law of stangnss consvation); Accoding to th thoy, th action imply th tansfomations: m + p + +Q i s - + m 1, which is in contadiction with th considd law of quak consvation and with th fact that th action ngy: Q i, can fom only (q-q)-pais and all sultd quaks must b bounds in paticls, so th action is not pmittd by th poposd p-quantum modl of paticls. b3) + p + p ; (action mdiatd by nutal Z-boson-in QM) Accoding to th thoy, th intaction ngy gnats al (q-q)-pais fom th polaizd quantum vacuum zons: + p + Q i + p + (m 1 + ) + (m + m ) + p m 1 So, th hypothsis of a nutal Z boson of Q. M. is not stictly ncssay fo xplain th paticls cold foming and this intactions, th gnating of paticls with bigg mass than thos of paticls that nt in action bing xplaind-in ou thoy, by th dcomposing of quantum vacuum zons of 96

97 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls m z -mass and x = a-adius in al (q-q)-pais, by th Q i intaction ngy, considd in quantum mchanics, whn O i E q = m z c. Ths zons of quantum vacuum a in ou thoy, a classic quivalnt of bosonic backgound of dak matt and may b considd as bosonic m z - paticls with slf-sonanc, (oscillons), with a phononic intinsic vibation ngy of paid quaks givn by: E (px v /) < E q, (E q =m z c ; x v a), (; x v -th slf-sonanc piod and amplitud), which xplains th xistnc of psudo-vitual paid quaks and fmions in th quantum vacuum. It sults also th possibility of xotic paticls cold foming as hxaquaks o nin-quaks clusts and th quakfmion tansfoming, (q + ² / ³p +1 ), at T>>, by th lativ dtaching and moving in th quak intaction quantum volum (a), of th un-paid quasilcton * whichgivs its chag *± ⅔ and which is auto-tansfomd in this cas in dgnat lcton with -chag (and dgnat magntic momnt and spin), accoding to CGT: q ± ⅔ p ±1 ; ( *± ⅔ ±1, by th quantum mdium ngntopy) Th Stong Intaction of Quaks and th Poton Disintgation Th pincipal stong foc ncssay to kp quaks fomd as sub-clusts of quasilctons, insid th impntabl quantum volum of a paticl is givn accoding to ou CF chial soliton modl, by th gadint of a quantum and sub-quantum potntial having th fom (54). This potntial is poducd by th sum of * q = ( * + * A )-votics which acts upon th q -volum of quak sub-clust and spctivly upon this cntols. 97

98 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Fo xampl, in th cas of poton having n q = 3 quaks with a adius of appoximat valu: q.fm, [6], th knl of p + -quak locatd at a adial distanc: b = q =.4fm fom th oth two quaks (n - and p + ), is attactd in a stong intaction givn by this * q -quantonic votics, by a potntial having th fom (54) and an appoximat valu: V q s ( q ) = ²/ 3 ( q / i )V s ( q ) -1.5MV; V s () = V s -/ ; V s = MV (84) that pmits th kping of quak insid th impntabl quantum volum of poton, if th poton w not vibatd with a vibation ngy bigg than: p=½m p c =.47GV, bcaus that th ngy of vxons dstoyd by th vibatd paticl knl, actions against th knl s tndncy to pntat th quantum volum. Accoding to th CF paticl modl of th thoy, this binding ngy, V q s, of cunt mass quaks, is supplmntd by th binding ngy: q = -n of: n n = [(1/n q )N p ] /3 79 binding -gluols fomd by th ( *-*)-quasilcton pais of quak intfac, having: = m *c = 889 kv, ths n gluols bing-in ou CF modl, th psudoquivalnt of gluon of th standad modl, in accodanc also with th obsvd cospondnc btwn QCD and supconductivity which shows that th gluon-gluon attaction is simila to th lcton-positon attaction. In th cas of an axial aangmnt of quaks, it sults by th modl that: n = n and th dconfination tmpatu fo th poton sults of maximum valu, accoding to th lation: T d = q /k B = (79x.889) MV/ k B =.7x1 1 K (85) in accodanc with th sult of som xpimnts of collision btwn ionic fascicls at lativistic spds, which vidncd th possibility of nuclon 98

99 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls disintgation into msons and lptons at a collision tmpatu: T n 1 1 C, [78], so th poton quaks a axially coupld. Th shot liftim of oth bayons (1-1 s.), indicat-accoding to th modl, that: n n, i. a lativ positioning spcific to quaks vibation insid th bayon. Th fact that th poton disintgation with massngy tansfomation may occu usually at vibation ngis xcding th valu: m p c 1GV in an instinian lativist xpssion, may b xplaind also -by th CF nuclon modl of th thoy, by th conclusion that at a citical valu: p m p c of th poton intinsic vibation ngy, its sup-dns knl having th mass: N p m o can pntat th nuclon quantum volum, causing its dstuction. Th valu of th ngy ncssay to nuclonic knl fo pntat th poton impntabl quantum volum, is quasi-qual to th kintic ngy of th N p m - clust at spd v c, in a classic xpssion pmittd by q. (7a), which givs an appoximat valu: E = ½N p m o c.11mv that is obtaind by th poton s vibation with an ngy: p = ½m p.c =.47GV and a citical fquncy of its dstuction: c = 1/ c = c/a = x1 3 Hz -cosponding to th pntation of th poton quantum volum by its knl. Th ngy which must b givn to th poton fo its dstuction is obtaind by th lativist xpssion of mass: m p = m p /, givn by (7b), with v c, and cosponds to a poton ngy valu: R p= ½m p.c = p=m p.c =.94 GV qual with th intinsic ngy, which xplains th poton dstuction mchanism in concodanc with th infio limit of th poton dstuction ngy obtaind by th quantum mchanics. By that, is 99

100 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt xplaind in a non-contadictoy mann, also th quasa ngy gnatd by nuclon massngy tansfomation, by a quasa s nucla tmpatu having th al valu: T N = R p /k B 1 13 K valu that is mo plausibl than thos imposd by th Big-bang modl of Univs, (1 14 K). Accoding to th thoy and complying with th astophysical hypothsis concning th quasa ngy gnation by poton mass dstuction, it sults that th poton dstuction psums th xistnc of a high matt dnsity of stas, which chaactizs a high tmpatu, such as in cas of a supnova, by a containd littl sta with a stong magntic fild by which can accumulat nucla paticls, i..: whit dwaf, nuton sta, black hol o magnta sta. This thotical conclusion is in accodanc with th fact that th atio btwn th magntic ngy and th otational ngy is highst fo quasas [79] Th Paticls Disintgation Accoding to th CF-modl of th thoy, it sults also that th fmions ntopization at high tmpatus with patial dstuction, gnat -by mission of quantons and singons of th ptubd quantum volum, a tmpatu-dpndnt mass dcasing and a psudo-antigavitic fild of a Q a - psudochag having th xpssion (1) and a valu popotional with th paticl vibation ngy: v = k B T. This thotical conclusion may xplain th obsvd tmpatu-dpndnt gavitational mass dcasing fo which Shaw and Davy [8] obtaind, with a lation of tmpatu-dpndnt gavitational foc having th fom: F G (T) = F (1 -T); F = -G(Mm)/ (86) 1

101 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls a valu of tmpatu cofficint: = 1/T G =.x1-6 [K -1 ], (T G = 5x1 5 K). Fo th intial mass was usd a simila lation fo th tmpatudpndnt mass of u and d quaks in th QMDTD modl (quak mass dnsity and tmpatu-dpndnt), [81]: B T T m ; B B 1 o B B 1 q ; q u, d; 3 (87) nb Tc Tc wh B is th vacuum ngy dnsity; B -paamt; n B bayon dnsity; T c - th quak dconfination tmpatu dducd fom th thmodynamic QMDTD modl, of valu: 17MV/k B 1.3x1 1 K, [81]. Accoding to th thoy, in accodanc also with q. (86), th attactiv gavitational mass: M(T) is totally compnsatd at T=T G by an antigavitational psudochag: q a (T) = -M(T/T G ) givn by patially dstoyd singonic votxs of dstoyd vxons fom th M-mass quantum substuctu, as a sult of a dstuctiv intinsic vibation of paticl sup-dns knl, with th fquncy: v = k B T/h. Th obsvd lation: T G T c is don by th fact that -accoding to q. (1), fo a nuclon, fo xampl, th valu: a (T G ) = 4a a s c psnting th flux of loosd singons ncssay fo compnsat th attactiv gavitic fild, is much small than th flux of loosd quantons ncssay fo quaks dconfination, h (T c ), sultd fom dstoyd intinsic vxons, i.: a (T G ) h (T c ) = 4a c h c. Bcaus that th quantity of dstoyd intinsic vxons is popotional with th vibation ngy: m p c k s v = k s k B T, by a k s 1 constant of subquantum 11

102 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt mdium ngntopy, it is logical to consid a tmpatu-dpndnt dcasing of th intial mass fo all paticls, in th fom: T T m P( T ) mp - m P (T) m P 1 ; m P (T) m P (88) Tc Tc T c cosponding to a paticl total dstoying tmpatu, (T c =T N 1 13 K). So, th quak dconfination of lmntay paticls by tansfomation of th nutal M*-clust is achivd accoding also to ou CF modl of paticl having cunt mass quaks, by th vibation of th componnt quak cos, as in th cas of a Skym chial soliton modl of bayons, constuctd fom a msonic fild and considd as a bound stat of pntaquaks with individual and collctiv otation and vibation, [8]. Th q. (88) shows also that fo hot confination of -3 quaks with constitunt mass, th quak mass cannot xcd th fomd paticl mass, bcaus that th mass dfct givn as diffnc btwn th constitunt and th cunt quak mass, is libatd in th fom of static quantonic pssu which acts against th quaks knl in th sns of dconfination. Complying with th a1-a4 axioms of th thoy, th quak vibation dstoys patially also th -quantum votics, diminishing th stong intaction btwn th componnt quaks. Bcaus that th total intinsic vibation of th M*-clust logically dpnds on th vibation fquncy of th quak cos by an q. spcific to phonons: v = n h i, (n th numb of componnt quaks), in accodanc also with q. (88) w may consid also a tmpatu-dpndnt liftim of th lmntay paticl: k 1/m P (T) (T c /T). 1

103 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Considing th -lpton, having a liftim: =.x1-6 sc. [34], as singl-paticl clust and taking into account that th majoity of bayonsconsidd with n=3 quaks in th M*-clust sub-stuctu, has a liftim: B 1-1 sc. and th majoity of msons (n=) has a liftim m 1-8 sc. at th odinay tmpatu: T 3K of th paticl mdium, th liftim of th lmntay paticls sults-by th considd dpndnc: k 1/m P (T), invsly popotional to th total intinsic v -vibation ngy of th M*-clust considd as oscillon with an intinsic tmpatu T i T, accoding to an smimpiic lation of appoximation: mp 14 v n i n T 13 k = ; sc.; v= = ; TN 1 K n 1 k o o (89) kv 1 m T v c T P in which: c and c psnts th citical fquncy and th citical phononic ngy of paticl vibation at which th poton total disintgation tak plac: c = c (T N 1 13 K) = x1 3 Hz, accoding to th thoy. Th gat stability of poton may b xplaind in th thoy by th homognity and th continuity of th M*-clust of dgnat lctons, which dtmin a low valu of th paticl intinsic vibation ngy. As a consqunc of q. (89), whn a paticl pass with th v-spd though a quantum mdium of th spac, th dynamic quantum pssu gnatd in a lativistic way by th quanta and subquanta of this mdium, has a cooling ffct fo th M*-paticl clust, which xplain also th xistnc of polaizd quantum vacuum bosons as mtastabl paticls. This phnomnon can b mathmatically xpssd considing an -ngy of phonons associatd to th paticl intinsic vibation, popotional with th N 13

104 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt intinsic quantum tmpatu, T q, and with th P c (v) -static quantum pssu insid th lmntay paticl, dpnding on th quantons bownian ngy, and taking into account a c -dnsity of quantons in th spac of dplacing, accoding to quation: P (v) 1 ( v) c mhc v h i k p kbtq k p ; P(v) c Pc c v ; Pc cc Pc (9a) which is quivalnt with a lation fo th intinsic quantum tmpatu vaiation, of th fom: T q (v) = T q ()(1-v /c ) =T q () ; k B T q ()=m h c (9b) simila to th Einstinian lativistic lation: T=T, but with in th classic fom (7b). Fo q. (9) it was considd th simplifid fom of th Bnoulli s quation btwn th static and th dynamic quantonic pssus. Th k p -constant dpnds on th zoth intinsic ntopy of th paticl. Fom q. (89) and (9) it sults that: (91a) (v) (v) v P v c 1 () v Pc c () k ; k (v) v k (v) k () 1 c 1 (91b) Th q. (9), (91) xplains in th thoy, also th liftim incasing fo lativistic -msons o oth lativistic paticls with v c, th q. (9b) bing mathmatically quasi-quivalnt to th instinian lativistic lation usd by Rossi and Hall, [83], but obtaind without th instinian hypothsis of th spd-dpndnt liftim dilatation. Anoth agumnt which sustains th considd dpndnc of th paticls liftim on th intinsic quantum tmpatu, T q, is givn by th fact that th 14

105 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls liftim of th nutal vaiant of a composd paticl, (with quasi-null magntic momnt), is snsibl small than th liftim of th chagd vaiant: ( ) 1-8 s; ( ) 1-16 s; (K ) 1-8 s; (K ) 1-1 s; ( ) 1-1 s; ( ) 1-14 s, phnomnon xplaind in th modl by th considd cooling ffct of quantum dynamic pssu of th magntic momnt votx of paticl chial soliton. A possibl analogy may b mad with th sola-spots phnomnon Implications of th Thoy in Cosmology Logically, in th intstllay spac, th un-compnsd thonic winds foming th gavitonic flux at th quanton sufac and at th paticl sufacgnally, is a constant faction of th local thonic man dnsity of spac,. In this cas, th valu of G-gavitation constant sults, accoding to q. (6), popotional with th galactic matt man dnsity, matt which mits also thons coming fom th solitonic quantum-votics of vibatd lmntay paticls-accoding to an thono-solitonic thoy of filds and paticls. This dpndnc may xplain also th gavitic foc dcasing duing th Univs xpansion aft th supposd big bang, by th conclusion that simultanously with th matt volum xpansion was xpandd also th quantum and subquantum mdium volum. In th standad Einstin-Fidmann cosmological modl of th cosmic xpansion, th thonic dnsity of spac:, may b idntifid with th dak ngy of spac: *, ( vacuum ngy ), which is considd as th physical caus of th cosmic xpansion xplaining th cospondnc btwn th 15

106 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Einstin-Fidmann quations and th Hubbl law of th Univs xpansion: v R =HR, (wh H is th at of xpansion) by th cosmological constant dpnding on * [84]: 3 3 a p p c c G G ; a c c 8 G m m m m 8 8 a G c G( ) m c m c 3H H k k ; c a 3 a 3 a 8 G (9a) (9b) wh ρ m and p m a th man dnsity and pssu of th odinay matt and adiation, Λ is th cosmological constant, possibly causd by th vacuum ngy, G is th gavitation constant, k=1,, 1 is th cuvatu, (accoding to whth th shap of th univs is hypsphic, flat o hypbolic spctivly), a -is th scal facto (a = R u(t) /R u ), c is th light spd and c is th citical dnsity fo which th Univs is flat (Euclidan): c = m + 1.6x1-6 kg/m 3. Th Hubbl s constant was stimatd to th valu: H=75Km/sMps by A. Sandag (1958, [94]) and to H=7.4 Km/sMpsby W-micowav anisotopy (1). It sults also a popotionality of th local -cosmological constant with th man dnsity of th matt, popotionality which can xplain also th fact that th vacuum ngy dnsity and th cosmological constant sults with diffnt valus calculatd by th scala fild modl of quantum mchanics fo diffnt scals of mass distibution. 16

107 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls A Hypothsis Concning th Caus of th Cosmic Expansion Th obsvations mad by th BOOMERANG pojct (1999), gading th cosmic backgound adiation anisotopy, a indicats that th concodanc modl of th Univs is a flat Univs (k=), filld with dak ngy and cosponding to an Euclidan gomty, [85]. In accodanc with th obsvational sult gading th dshift-magnitud lation of som supnova, it povs also that th gomtic spac-tim is flat and th masumnts ags with th lativistic cosmological modl with.75 and m.5, [86], accoding to th Einstin-Fidmann condition fo a flat Univs filld with matt ( m ), with dak ngy ( ) and with 3K-adiation ( R ): m R m c R 3Hc c 1; c ; c c 8G 3H (93) that givs a valu of th man dak ngy dnsity: (R L ) = c /8G 1.x1-6 kg/m 3. In accodanc with th obsvations, m = ( DM + M ) (.+.5), in which M masus th man dnsity of th bayonic obsvd matt and DM masus th man dnsity of th hypothtical non-bayonic cold dak matt ndd fo satisfy th cosmological tsts. In 1985 th w significant agumnts against th Cold Dak Matt modl (CDM), fing mainly to th mpty stat of th voids xistnt btwn th concntations of th lag scal galaxis, (Pbls, 1986, [87]). Som thotical modls ty to xplain in what kind of stuctual foms it is possibl to xist th dak matt and th dak ngy, lik in th cas of th quintssnc modl (Caldwll, Dav and Stinhadth, 1998, [88]), which 17

108 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt suppos th xistnc of som bosonic concntations of matt and ngy foms which was not discovd yt. An thono-solitonic thoy of fids and paticls which supposs alsoth xistnc of an gavitomagntic fild givn by an thonic psudovotx of amagntic potntial: A(), allow th accptanc of th hypothsis of quintssnc bosonic stuctus, in th fom of a photonic ngy, accumulatd by a littl black hol typ sta by its own gavitomagntic fild, but this modl suppos o a cold non-mitting stuctu, which cannot contibut to th cosmic xpansion foc, o a hot stuctu, with photonic mission, that is-obsvabl. Accoding also to q. (88) of CGT, only a hot and visibl cosmic stuctu can mit dak ngy in a pulsatoy way at TT c =1 13 K and th mission can b modld as that of a scala fild a with th ngy dnsity: = ½ a. If w suppos that th dak ngy mission foming th a -scala fild consist of an thonic mission poducd by ntopizd bayons vibatd at ultahigh tmpatu insid ultahot cosmic stuctus as th quasas, th galactic cnts o th supnova, accoding to an thono-solitonic modl of paticl and by q. () basd on th LSag s hypothsis concning th thonic caus of th gavitation it sults by q. (86) and (88) that this thonic a -scala fild of th cosmic stuctus cospond to a psudoantigavitic fild: V a g (q a, ) givn by a psudo-antigavitic chag, q a, which sults in thoy as popotional with th intinsic vibation ngy and with th mass valu, M, also fo a multi-fmionic stuctu: q a -M(T/T G ) k B T = v. So, accoding to CGT, q a is givn by singonic votxs of fmionic vxons and by th psudovotx A. 18

109 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls It sults in consqunc by th thoy, th conclusion that at ultahigh tmpatu insid an ultahot cosmic stuctu, th antigavitic chag q a can xcd th gavitic attactiv chag: q G =M, sulting a total gavitic chag: q Gt = (q G +q a ) M[1 (T/T G )] < fo TT G (94) Th total gavitic chag q Gt < gnats an antigavitic foc, F Gt and an a G - acclation: ( ) qg qa M T a Gt G G 1 ; T T G (95) TG Appantly, a total antigavitic chag q Gt of a sta sults in contadiction with its gavitational lativ stability. Fo a cosmic stuctu with black hol such as a Ia-supnova o a quasa, th attactd bayons (nulons foming atomic nucli) may hav at th black hol s sufac, a high pssu/dnsity and a high tmpatu TT N, which dtmin th paticl disintgation at its impact, accoding to CGT, (q. (88)). If th man flux of lativist paticls which a dstoyd is a littl high than th citical valu a which cancl th M G gavitic chag of th black hol, th gnatd antigavitic chag of BH: M a = -k a M G with k a 1, will dtmin th jction of th matt and will cancl its caus, dcasing th M a valu at k a <1, and bcaus that th inducd acclation and dclation of paticls, cosponding to k a <1 o k a >1, is alizd quickly but gadually, it sults that th antigavitic chag M a of th BH is a pulsatoy, oscillating chag, which not impd its gowing and not affct its stability. It sults also that th quasas, som supnova of Ia typ and th galactic cnts with antigavitic chag, a pulsatil stuctus. Also, if th cntal black hol is a otational sta of magnta typ, with a stong gavitomagntic and magntogavitic fild: a GM -3 and a MG

110 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt accoding to q. (41), (39), this fild can xcd th sultd antigavitic fild: a at -, und a citical limit, l, continuing th caus of M a chag and xplaining also th xpansion of th Univs by th considd hypothsis of an antigavitic pulsion btwn antigavitic chags of ultahot cosmic stuctus (quasas, galactic cnts, Ia-supnova), spcially of thos xistnt in th cntal pat of th Univs: l a GM () = a GM ( /) 3 a at ( /) Th hypothsis is in concodanc with th high valu fo th quasa s dshift: z =/= (6), (Fan t al., 1) and fo giant lliptical galaxis dshift: z, bcaus that Esthatiou and Rs (1988) shows that th valu z=6 fo quasas fits with th dak ngy modl (CDM) if th quasa hav a black hol mass 1 9 M S (M S -sola mass) in a dak halos with mass 1 1 M S, [89]. Considing th antigavitic pulsion btwn (psudo) antigavitic chags of th ultahot cosmic stuctus, it sult that to th man dnsity of th visibl matt: M = M / m (1/5) m, cosponds convntionally a man antigavitic chag dnsity, a, and a total gavitic chag dnsity: Gt = ( M + a ) R. Th dynamics gnatd by th pulsiv antigavitic chags of an xpanding llipsoidal quasi-flat Univs with mass: M fru R R u u fo which th local man matt dnsity is: m (R)R -1, may b appoximatd by q. (95) accoding to th Poisson s quation, if it is quivalnt with a dfomd sphicalunivs, with m (R)R - having th sam mass with it fo ach R-adius, (fig. 13), i.: M fr m (R) = m m ' m (R /R); (R) = m ' m R R (R)dR 4R (R)dR = M (R /R) sr (96) 11

111 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls 4R a ( R) R G u 3 ( m ) 3R R a (H H) R ; R 3p c R (97) wh: R ; p R th spac adiation dnsity and pssu (mainly-of 3K), m th man matt dnsity and v(r) = dr/dt = HR, (i. considing th Hubbl law). Th q. (97) is classically quivalnt to q. (9a) fo th flat Univs (k=) with ngligibl matt pssu, p m, by: a =, which is xplaind by th fact that a dpnds on th man tmpatu of th Univs, T u (R) accoding to th q. (95). Fig. 13. Th xpanding Univs modl. Accoding to q. (97), th Univs xpansion is obtaind by th antigavitic chag of th total matt givn by th odinay obsvd matt fowhich M.5and with.75, in accodanc with q. (9), by a = * and a man tmpatu T M of th visibl matt, confom to: a * Tu TM m M 6 m 3 M (98) T T G G In this cas, th dak ngy pssu is xplaind by th bayonic antigavitic chag of ulta-hot cosmic stuctus as thos of quasas, whos ngy is 111

112 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt xplaind by th disintgation of constitunt bayons (nuclons) which givs an intns photonic but also thonic mission cosponding to a vy high antigavitic (psudo) chag-accoding to th thoy. Fo xampl, bcaus that th lativ intnsity of th gavitational foc is 1-4, witing th lctic fild ngy of lcton in th fom: E =½ af (a) = m c, fo: F a = - /4 a and F N = -Gm /a, it sults that th (lcto) gavitic ngy of th lcton is: G =½ af N (a) = m G/a, and: E / G = a / g =ac /m G=4x1 4, (99) so th gavitic fild ngy of th m -gavitic chag is of 1 4 tims small than th thonic ngy containd by th singonic A -votx of th paticl magntic momnt: s = m s c /, which is mittd at th paticl disintgation, giving at th disintgation momnt an antigavitic chag of 1 4 tims bigg than th m g -gavitic chag, accoding to th thoy. It is possibl to xplain in this cas also th xpansion of th out lays of a supnova by th nucla actions gnatd at its knl collaps, at T 1 11 K, (clos to T N ). At th sam tim, th hypothsis of cosmic xpansion by pulsion btwn antigavitic chags of th ulta-hot cosmic stuctus, givs a physical justification fo th supposd quasi-homognity of th hypothtical dak ngy which gnats cosmic xpansion, by th natual tndncy of a chag distibution to cancl th gadints of chag dnsity A Phnomnological Modl of th Cosmic Expansion Fo a modl of th Univs volution, th Hubbl s law of cosmic xpansion: v R =HR, vn if it is confimd fo th cas of ou cosmic tim: t L and ou location fom th Univs cnt: R L, it may b a paticula cas. 11

113 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls A possibility to dduc this paticula cosmologic cas fom a mo gnal cas of th Univs xpansion-gnatd by pulsiv antigavitic chags, accoding to th thoy, is obtaind considing a vaiation with th t E -xpansion tim of th total man gavitic chag dnsity: Gt = ( M + a ) R. This vaiation can b appoximatd by a phnomnological modl of th cosmic xpansion [9] basd on ou p-quantum thoy of filds and paticls, considing also a Maconuclus of Univs with a R adius, having a macoblack-hol with a Maco-votx aound it and an Univs mass, M fr, givn by a local man matt dnsity: m (R) R -1, accoding to q. (96). This hypothsis sults by th gnalization of th a1-axiom fo lmntay paticls, pmittd as a consqunc of idal fluids classic mchanics, considing also th hypothsis of a factalic oganization of th Univs by a votics cascad pocss, (A. N. Kolmogoov t al. [91]). Th conclusion of th black hols foming in th aly Univs is thotically sustaind also by oth scintists [9] and th possibl xistnc of a volving axis of th Univs is suggstd also by som obsvations concning th otation of th lctomagntic adiation polaization plan at cosmic distancs, (John Ralston, Bog Nodland, [93]). In th hypothsis of a vaiation of th thonic pssu: P c (R) [R -1 R ] with th R-distanc fom th supposd Maconuclus spcific to a magntogavitic psudo-votx with simila dnsity vaiation as th matt dnsity, th gavity G constant dpnding on th quantumpssu: P c (R) by th thonic dnsity, G, accoding to q. (6), dcasspopotional with P c (R). Thus, clos to th limit R = R u considd as th stuctud Univs adius, th gavity foc and th quantum votics intnsity bcoms too wak fo foming o consving votxial stuctus. In this cas, w may consid that th zon: 113

114 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt R u (3R u /4 R u ) psnt a zon of stlla cmty (S. C.) in which th stllay stuctus disintgats at th distanc: R d 3R u /4 and that th potons and th nutons disintgats at th distanc clos to R= R u -as a consqunc of th dcasing of th nuclonic stong intaction potntial, accoding to th CGT s p-quantum chial soliton modl of paticl. This conclusion cospond patially, to th Univs bubbl modl which conciv th Univs as bing containd within a finit sph which is an xpanding bubbl of spac-tim that has attaind a adius of 14 billion l.y., considing that nothing xist byond of this physical xistnc. In th fild of th Maconuclus, th disintgation of nuclons occus also bcaus a ulta-high nucla tmpatuclos to th citical valu: T N 1 13 K, gnatd piodically by a big black hol -accoding to CGT. Th disintgation ngy of th disintgatd votxial stuctus would b mittd in all dictions as intns stllay bosonic winds. Fo a position with R R u / of th cosmic body, ths winds, along th adial diction, would xcis a pssu in th sns of slowing th Univs xpansion, i.. slowing th advancing of th stllay stuctus towads th stlla cmty, (S. C.), cas in which w may appoximat th Univs xpansion law by th quation: v = t R = v M sin(r/r u ); v M k c (1) in which th maximum valu, v M k c c, was considd as th maximum spd of th Univs xpansion, (a valu: k.5 cosponding to th dshift of th quasa 3C95: v q =.46c)

115 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Accoding to th modl, th Hubbl law is valid in th zon of th local galaxy sup-clust (Vigo) and its suoundings, bcaus that it may b gaind fom q. (1) by th conditions: R R L = (1/6)R u sin(πr/r u ) (πr/r u ) (11) which givs: R v H R k c ; H = ; R Ru / 6 R v k c Ru u M (1) With th man valu: H a =75Km/sMps, dducd by A. Sandag in 1958 [94] and by a plausibl valu: k.5, it sults fom q. (1) that: R u = 6.8x1 3 Mps, (7.3x1 9 l.y.) of two tims bigg than thos dductd by th Big-Bang cosmological modl of Univs, cosponding to an Univs filld with stas. Fo a diftd body M s, th xpansion foc, F, has by q. (1), th fom: * *s dv k M s.c R F = F a - F d = M = sin ; dt Ru Ru 4 R < Ru; 5 M * s M s v / 1 c (13) in which F a psnt th acclating foc givn by th pssu of th stllay winds (mainly, sub-quantum winds) coming with th adial man intnsity I a fom th zon of th xpansion cnt and F d psnt th dclating foc, givn by th total pssu of th stllay winds coming with th adial manintnsity I d fom th C. S. zon and by th sistanc foc to advancing, givn by th dnsity o th sub-quantum and quantum mdium of th cosmic vacuum. Th mass: M * s psnt th vitual mass givn by th lativistic lation (7b) of th spd-dpnding mass appant vaiation, th q. (13) bing in accodanc with th linaizd fom of Einstin-d Sitt quation: 115

116 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt R ik ½g ik R + g ik = T ik = W may consid that th intnsitis I a and I d of th stllay winds gnating th xpansion foc a givn mostly by th sub-quantum componnt (by thonic winds) that acts upon th mass M * s, so th xpansion foc, F, sults confom to q. (4) of th gavitation foc, sulting that th maximum valu of this foc is givn, fo R = R u /4, by th quation: a M M F M * S k c = Ru Sh = ( I m h a M. Sh - I d) kh g c ; kh (14) m 4 h With th gaug valu: k h 7.4 [m /kg] sultd fom th thoy, considing that: k.5, (v M.5c), it sult fom q. (14) a valu: M g 5.47x1-9 kg/m 3, and bcaus that th man thonic dnsity, M s, which nsus th gavitational stability of th matial stuctus without th contibution of a gavitomagntic fild, in th intgalactic spac must b with at last two siz od bigg, it sults bigg than th matt man dnsity: M s 1 M g = 5.47x1-7 kg/m 3 m m c 4x1-7 kg/m 3, so cosponding to th man dak ngy dnsity valu dducd in accodanc with cosmological obsvations [86]: 1.x1-6 kg/m 3. Fo a pai of quantons, in ou galaxy (R=R l ), bcaus th vy small quanton adius, th gavitonic componnt: h g (m h ) which givs th G-valu by qs. (5)- (6) may b considd appoximat qual to th valu g (R l ; G), i.: g (R l, G)= gm sin(r l /R U ) h g (m h ) =1.4x1-9 kg/m 3, so G M cosponds to: G M (R U /4)=4.45G and to: R l = 3.64x1 - R U -fo th position of ou galaxy. Th incasing of th xpansion foc F until th maxim valu F M is xplaind in th modl by th incasing of R-dpnding numb of dak ngy 116

117 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls soucs which gnats th I a (R) intnsity, (i.. with pulsatoy antigavitic chag), containd by th S U (4R ) sph of Univs, (q. (96)). Th cntly obsvd distibution of quasas in th Univs sustains th pvious xplanation looking th dak ngy povninc. Th stimatd valu fo * givs an impotant ffct of adiation aging which may xplain th Olbs paadox and which contibuts to th total dshift ffct, accoding to quations: E = h I h f = F f R = ½k h m f s c R = ½k h s h i R f = i (1 k h s R); z a = / f = ½k h s R/(1-½k h s R); (15a) (15b) Considing th position of th local supclust of galaxis (Vigo) at R V = R l 3.6x1 - R U, it sults fom q. (15b) th condition to civ photonic adiation fom th magin of th stllay Univs considd at R M = ¾R u, accoding to th modl: / i <1 c s </k h R =4.4x1-8 Kg/m 3 ; (R =R M -R V = 5 / 8 R u ; k h =7.4) (16a) Fom q. (16) it sults th conclusion that bcaus th sultd condition: M s M 6x1-8 kg/m 3, w cannot civ photonic adiation fom th magin of th stllay Univs, with: s 1.x1-6 kg/m 3 sulting that th maximal distanc R c fom which w can civ photonic adiation is givn by: / i = 1 R c = / k h s =6.8x1 4 m =6.4x1 8 l.y. =.36x1 - R u. (16b) Compaing th z a dshift with th dshift givn by lativistic Doppl ffct: z = [(1+v/c)/(1-v/c)] -1 HR/c, with: s 1.x1-6 kg/m 3, fo: R =1 - R u, w hav: z a.44/(1-.44) =.73 and z.158, so it sults that th dshift z a givn by th tid light ffct is much gat than th dshift z givn by th Univs inflation in accodanc with th conclusions 117

118 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt of sub-quantum kintics thoy of Paul LaVioltt which showd (1987) that th tid-light modl fits obsvational data btt than th xpanding Univs modl, as showd also Tolman (1985). Bcaus that th a many visibl galaxis with th d-shift of 1.4 o high, it xists th tndncy to consid that ths galaxis a tavling away at spds gat than th light spd, c. Th q. (15) may xplain th phnomnon as aging adiation ffct, xplaining similaly also th high valu of th d-shift obsvd to distant supnova (of Ia typ). It sults also that th high valu of som quasas dshift: z =4, (v m =.9c -1986) and z = 6.3, (v m =.9c -1) is givn by an intns tid light ffct gnatd patially by th dnsity of quantum and subquantum mdium, incasd by th stong magntic fild of a otational (K typ) black hol and by th gavitational attaction of it. Also, th poposd inflation scnaio basd on th antigavitic chag modl of th thoy, liminats th hypothsis of inflaton, (quanta-paticl which gnats th inflation fild). Bcaus that th dnsity of th un-compnsd thonic winds, g, acts as a gavitic flux: = ½ g c, gnatd by a total man gavitic chag dnsity: Gt = ( m + a ) R of th Univs mass M u (R), by qs. (97) and (13), nglcting th valu of spac adiation dnsity R it sults also that: a ( R) u kc H R 4G R sin ( m a ) Ru 3 R R ; 3R R 4 u (17a) Th vaiation of th man total gavitic chag dnsity of th Univs mass, M u (R), givn by th Univs xpansion, sult fom q. (17), in th fom: 118

119 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls 3k ch 1 R Tu 3Ru Gt ( R ) ( m a ) R sin ; a - m; R ; (17b) 8G R Ru T 4 Also, bcaus that by q. (99), fo v(r) HR, (R R u /6) w hav: a = * 6 m, it sults that: R l R u /6 T u 6 T G(Ru/), fo: H =H a, th q. (17a) bcoming: G a ( R) R H u a R 4G ( m a ) 3 R R ; 3H a m 4.3x1 G 7 kg (18) and: * 3 m 1.7x1-6 kg in accodanc with th known stimatd valu: c = 1.x1-6 kg. Th quality: m (R u /) = - a (R u /) sultd fom q. (18) is xplaind confoming with q. (86): R) (R) T T (R /); R R / (19) m( a u G u u Th valu a cospond in th modl to th thmal dath of stas. It sults also, fom th modl, that th xistnc of dak matt in th galactic spac may b in th fom of zonic (q-q) pais which foms th bosonic fild of quantum vacuum, xplaining th pocss of bigg mass paticl foming by th intaction ngy of paticls with small mass. Bcaus th popotionality btwn th matt dnsity and th subquantum and quantum mdium dnsity insid a Mtagalaxy, it sults also that th fomation of individual CF-paticls by th polaization of quantum vacuum in th fom of bosonic (q- q ) oscillonic pais is possibl only insid a galaxy and is not possibl in th intgalactic zons, wh th man valu of matt dnsity is too low fo this pocss accoding to CGT

120 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt Rlativ to th Univs stuctu, a consqunc of a1-axiom gnalization is th fact that th votics cascad factalic oganization of th Univs is govnd by th similitud pincipl by which may b agud also th xistnc of a similitud btwn th Kant-Laplac gnsis mchanism of a plantay systm and a votxial mchanism of th Univs gnsis, psuming th fomation in a simila way, at a citical votxial spd of th tansfomd potomatt, of matial ings foming futh plants and spctiv-of mtahalos ( lays ) fomd fom galaxis assmblis, discovd in th fom of a quasi-gula th-dimnsional ntwok of supclusts of galaxis and voids [95], with gions of high dnsity spaatd by a distanc of 1Mpc. on a distanc of l.y., ( 1 / 4 R U ). This similitud sults fom th gnality of th votxial movmnt also to th Univs scal and may b btt undstood by th fact that th lation Titius-Bod fing to th distanc btwn Sun and a plant: d =,4 +,3x n (u.a); (n=-,,1,,...7); (11) (u.a. astonomical unit), can b xplaind using th Kant-Laplac thoy (1755 and 1796) about th gnsis of th Sola Systm, thoy which assums that th plants aiss in th votx cos of som matial ings spaatd succssivly fom a otating poto-plantay nbula, (fig.5). Fig. 14. Th Sola systm foming. 1

121 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Th Kant-Laplac s modl of th Sola Systm foming sms to b confimd by th discovy in 199 of a poto-plantay systm aound th Bta Pictois sta, that is suoundd by a disk of cosmic dust of 36 u.a. Th known xplanation of th Titius-Bod lation assums a spcific distibution of th votx cnts which gnatd th plants. It is wll known th thoy of Kal Wizsack (1944) who poposs th mpiic lation: n = (1,894) m, with: =,3 u.a.; m=, 1,.8 (111) which was amndd by Chandaskha (1946), D. d Haa (195) and by V. Vilcovici (1954) which usd th Kant-Laplac hypothsis compltd by V. G. Fsnkan. Basd on th mntiond similitud, w may consid that th poto-sola nbula had xcpting a littl cntal pat, a otation spd ω =v constant, this spd bing kpt aft its dividing into poto-plantay matial ings, by th kintic ngy psving fo th nbula paticls ciculatd on th quasi-tangntial diction of th otation: m p v / = constant. A constant otation spd: v = is spcific to galaxis, such as M33 o NGC555, fo xampl, and was obsvd also to som sta swams with xpanding piphy. W may suppos by CGT th xistnc of a galactic quantonic votx and a dak matt votx aound of a cntal sup-black hol, but w obsv also that if m = M + DM -1, th q. (96) may xplain also th galaxy otation law: v =ct., by: M R R (R)dR 4 R R (R) m m ( (R) = (R /R); R R ) m m M R R (R)dR 4 R R (R) m m (11) ( (R) = (R /R); R R ) m m Fo th sola systm, having: k th poto-plant numb in th sns of its distanc until th Sun, th matial ing of th ank k is stabilizd accoding 11

122 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt to th hypothsis, at a distanc R K givn by th dynamic quilibium btwn th gavitational attacting foc xtd by th nbula st M N-K (maind aft dtaching th matial ing of ank k) and th cntifugal intia foc: m G M R k n-k = m. v,(mn th initial nbulay mass), R k (113a) R k = G v M G = M ( N-k ) ; = (113b) v ( N-k ) Having k=9, it sults R 9 = λ M N-9, but: M N-9 = M +M 1 +M +...+M 8, with λ=constant -accoding to q. (11), so -gnally: R K = λm N-K = λ. (M o +M 1 +M +...+M K-1 ) [a.u.] (114) On th oth sid, accoding to th Titius-Bod lation, w may wit: R =,4+,3 x K- =,1+,3 x (1+ K- ) [a.u.] (115) Fom th lations (114) and (115) it sults in consqunc that: R R R R... R... R K 9 =,4 = λ =,4 +,3 = λ (M =,4 +,3 +,3 = λ (M =,4 +,3 +,3 +,6 = λ (M =,4 +,3 (11+ + M ) + =,4 +,3 ( M +M M 6 ) 1 K- 3 + M ) = λ ΣM )[a.u.] + M ) 3 K-1 (116) i.:,4,3,3,6,3 = ; M = ; M = ; M = ;... M = x 7 M o ; o gnally:,3 M 1 = ; M K,3 K-,3 K-3 = x x x, fo: k (117) 1

123 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls Th intptation of q. (117) is that th potoplantay matial ings w fomd by th halving of th nbula mass that maind aft th initially foming of th poto-sola mass M (th nbula nuclus). It is psumd also that fom th poto-plantay ing matial has bn fomd mo poto-plants o psudo-plants but aft th dissipation of th non-confind matt, maind to stabl obit only thos with dynamic quilibium to th adial diction. In this cas, th natual satllits (Moon, Titan tc.) of th plants, might psnt indpndntly fomd plants, which, mting th bigg plant (found on an obit of a stabl dynamic quilibium) hav bn attactd and kpt aound it on a stabl obit. Th pvious conclusions may b gnalizd fo th xpansion of galaxis supclusts and of th Univs by considing an initially otatd potosupclust of galaxis of quasi-cylind fom (bal-lik) which was split in annula mta-lays of galaxis assmblis accoding to q. (11), foming stuctus of cosmic bubbls insid ou Univs, with galaxis xpandd by th antigavitic chag of at last on (sup) quasa, (qn. (95)). This gnalization is in accodanc with th Factal cosmology and with th fact that th polaization of th cosmic micowav backgound adiation suggsts an inflationay modl fo th aly Univs Gavistas as Pimodial Gnsic Stuctus of th Potounivs Rlativ to th Potounivs stuctu, th gnalization of a1-axiom pmits-by th similitud pincipl, an anisotopic modl of gavista considd as a had-co otation llipsoid of dak ngy with votxially gnatd dak photons and dak paticls fomd as Bos-Einstin condnsats at distinct lvls of dnsity. This possibility is agud also by th 13

124 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt modl of gavasta with vy cold co fomd by a dak ngy fluid, which may cat Bos-Einstin condnsat in th out co, [55], but which suppos an xistnt cntal black hol. In th poposd modl of had-co gavista, th gavitational vacuum gion spcific to a gavasta, not xists, bcaus that th quasi-stability of th had-co dfomd ball of dak ny, foming a lativist votx of quantons: =v c, (v c c), is givn-in th poposd modl, similaly to th lcton cas, by a quantum potntial, V (), which satisfy th stability condition in agmnt with a NLS quation of (33a) fom, in which: i ħ(/t) =, (null vaiation with tim of c () by xpansion o contaction), i..: m ( ) V ( ) V - ( v ) v ; m ; c p c c c pt p c p (118) ( ) In q. (118), p c () = ( c v c ) is th impuls dnsity of th lativist quantonic componnt of th dak ngy, foming th gavista votx: G = + s of quantons and singons, in which a m p mass of votxially fomd dak photons o of dak paticls, is attactd until a tangntial v pt -spd satisfying th q. (118) fo which th m p paticl mains at th sam -distanc fom th gavista cnt. This G -votx is sultd initially as a small ptubation which may gnat lctonic nutinos by quantons confination and thaft massiv nutinos with own magntic momnt givn by th G votx, at valus of th dak ngy dnsity: c a = 5.17x1 13 kg/m 3, (qual to thos of a poto-lcton). Th foc sultd fom th V potntial: F () = V (), is givn by th dak ngy pssu gadint, in accodanc with th Bnoulli s law fo idal fluids considd in th simplst fom: 14

125 Chapt 1 A Cold Gnsis Thoy of Filds and Paticls P s () + ½ (()v c ) = P s (); (119) with P s () psudo-constant on shot distancs. Th singonic componnt of th pimodial ngy, foming a psudo-votx: s = w, (c w c), givs a gavito-magntic foc: F gm = V gm () acting ov quantons, but fo maintain th quanton with th spd v ct c to a votxlin l = without oth focs, is ncssay accoding to q. (118), a M singonic dnsity of s : s h = c =8.8x1 3 kg/m 3, (i.-impossibl), so th foc which nsus th gavista foming is givn by a stong foc, as in th lcton gnsis cas, i.: as thos gnatd by th quantum psudomagntic potntial givn by q. (47): Q G = - c B S () = - c k 1 * s c, which maintain th quanton with v ct c to th votx-lin at: * s a =5.17x1 13 kg/m 3 and Q G = -h/, accoding to CGT. Th foming of th singonic S -votx (fig. 15) is givn by th gavitic foc F gs =V gs of th gavista co M of R*-adius, acting ov singons. Accoding to q. (14), th gavitic foc F gs ncssay fo maintain singons to a givn votx-lin, l v, in paticula -at th sufac of th sta had-co considd as compact clust of nutons of m n -mass, fo which: g (R * ) = g (a)(m/m n )(a/r * ) =1837 g (R * /a) 1.61x1-11 R * [kg/m 3 ] (1) is givn fo a gavitation constant G * G and g (a) 1.4x1-9 kg/m 3, (CGT), accoding to quation: F gs M * m c c (4 c gc ) G ( mcm / R ) mcc / R ; g 8R c 6R (11) With m c =m s and th valus: c = s 1-8 m and h / s 1 3, obtaind in CGT, it sults accoding to th thoy, that g (R * ) ncssay by q. (11) fo maintain 15

126 Th Cold Gnsis of Matt and Filds A P-Quantum Thoy of Pimodial Matt votxd singons is small than g (R * ) ncssay fo maintain quantons to th M -co sufac, fo which q. (11) with c = h and m c = m h givs: g = 1/(k h R * ) /R *, ( g ( h / s ) g ). (1) So, th M had-co is fomd gadually, by quantons and thaft by dak photons confining, th votx c of quantons bing fomd aft th psudovotx s of singons, with th contibution of th Q G -potntial. It sults also that th gowing of th M had-co incasd also th dnsity of votxd singons and quantons at its sufac until valus of dak photons and lctons cold gnsis: v 3.7x1 4 Kg/m 3, spctiv: 5x1 13 Kg/m 3, which cosponds by q. (5) to spcific valus of atio:(m /R * ) = g (k h c /G * ), dpnding on th gavitation constant, G * G. At * s a, as gavistaic sds it could b also cold clusts of individually fomd lctons by G votxs, in accodanc with q. (47). Fig. 15. Gavista modl. Considing a zon R = R R G of quantum quilibium, i. having th ntopy p quanton: h () = (k B / ħ)s h (), (S h ()=m c c) (13) 16