The use of structural equation modeling to examine consumption of pornographic materials in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong
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1 The use of structural equation modeling to examine consumption of pornographic materials in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong Appendix 1 Creating matrices and checking for normality!prelis SYNTAX: Can be edited SY='C:\Desktop\Porn_demon\Data\PornW12.PSF' SE CO ALL OU MA=CM SM=Porn2.cm ME=Porn2.me Porn2.sd AC=Porn2.acm Command Syntax 1 SY='C:\Desktop\Porn_demon\Data\PornW 12.PSF' 2 SE Interpretation Specifies the data file (i.e., 'C:\Desktop\Porn_demon\Data\PornW12.PS F' ). Lists the observed variables. 3 CO ALL All the observed variables are continuous. 4 OU MA=CM Requests the printed output with specific results (i.e., covariance matrix, univariate statistics for all continuous variables). 5 SM=Porn2.cm Specifies the name of the covariance matrix (i.e., Porn2.cm). 6 ME=Porn2.me Specifies the name of the mean matrix (i.e., Porn2.me). 7 SD=Porn2.sd Specifies the name of the standard deviation matrix (i.e., Porn2.sd). 8 AC=Porn2.acm Specifies the name of the asymptotic covariance martix (i.e., Porn2.acm). *After typing the above commands, click the PRELIS logo
2 Appendix 2 Commands for testing a direct effect model (Model 1) To test a direct effect model, the following SIMPLIS syntax commands were used: Title: Path diagram Pornography (Model 1) Observed variables CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL Covariance matrix from file Porn2.cm Asymptotic matrix from file Porn2.acm Sample size=2904 Paths > Options: MLR Lisrel output sc ef tv end of problem *After typing the above commands, click the LISREL logo Command Syntax Interpretation 1 Title: Path diagram-pornography Title of the model (i.e., Path (Model 1) diagram Pornography Model 1). 2 Observed variables CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL SSEXI SSEXM Lists the observed variables (i.e., CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL ). 3 Covariance matrix from file Porn1.cm 4 Asymptotic matrix from file Porn1.acm Specifies the covariance matrix (i.e., Porn1.cm). Specifies the asymptotic covariance matrix (i.e., Porn1.acm). 5 Sample size =2904 Specifies the sample size (i.e., N=2904). 6 Paths Specifies the relationship between CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM -> dependent and independent variables. 7 Options: MLR Specifies the robust maximum likelihood estimation method. 8 Lisrel output sc ef tv Requests the LISREL printed output end of problem with the following values (i.e., sc: completely standardized solution; ef: direct and indirect effects size; tv: t values of the parameters)
3 LISREL outputs for testing a direct effect model (Model 1) Title: Path diagram-pornography (Model 1.1) Observed variables CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL Covariance matrix from file Porn2.cm Asymptotic matrix from file Porn2.acm Sample size=2904 Paths -> Options: MLR Lisrel output sc ef tv end of problem Path diagram-pornography (Model 1.1) Covariance Matrix SSEXI 0.79 SSEXM Path diagram-pornography (Model 1.1) Parameter Specifications GAMMA SSEXI 1 SSEXM 2 PHI PSI 3 4 5
4 Path diagram-pornography (Model 1.1) Number of Iterations = 0 LISREL Estimates (Robust Maximum Likelihood) GAMMA SSEXI SSEXM Covariance Matrix of Y and X SSEXI 0.79 SSEXM PHI PSI Note: This matrix is diagonal Squared Multiple Correlations for Structural Equations Squared Multiple Correlations for Reduced Form
5 Goodness of Fit Statistics Degrees of Freedom = 1 Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square = (P = 0.0) Normal Theory Weighted Least Squares Chi-Square = (P = 0.0) Satorra-Bentler Scaled Chi-Square = (P = 0.0) Chi-Square Corrected for Non-Normality = (P = 0.0) Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = Percent Confidence Interval for NCP = ( ; ) Minimum Fit Function Value = 0.29 Population Discrepancy Function Value (F0) = Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (0.11 ; 0.15) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.32 ; 0.39) P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.00 Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) = Percent Confidence Interval for ECVI = (0.11 ; 0.15) ECVI for Saturated Model = ECVI for Independence Model = 1.15 Chi-Square for Independence Model with 3 Degrees of Freedom = Independence AIC = Model AIC = Saturated AIC = Independence CAIC = Model CAIC = Saturated CAIC = Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.89 Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.67 Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.30 Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.89 Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.89 Relative Fit Index (RFI) = 0.67 Critical N (CN) = Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.11 Standardized RMR = 0.13 Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.86 Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.14 Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI) = 0.14 Path diagram-pornography (Model 1.1) Standardized Solution GAMMA SSEXI 0.65
6 SSEXM Correlation Matrix of Y and X SSEXI 1.00 SSEXM PSI Note: This matrix is diagonal Regression Matrix Y on X (Standardized) SSEXI 0.65 SSEXM Path diagram-pornography (Model 1.1) Total and Indirect Effects Total Effects of X on Y SSEXI SSEXM BETA*BETA' is not Pos. Def., Stability Index cannot be Computed Path diagram-pornography (Model 1.1) Standardized Total and Indirect Effects Standardized Total Effects of X on Y SSEXI 0.65 SSEXM Time used: Seconds
7 Appendix 3 Commands for testing a direct and indirect effects model (Model 2) To test a direct and indirect effects model, the following SIMPLIS syntax commands were used: Title: Path diagram Pornography (Model 2) Observed variables CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL Covariance matrix from file Porn2.cm Asymptotic matrix from file Porn2.acm Sample size=2904 Paths CFAIMALL > SPYDALL SPYDALL > Options: MLR Lisrel output sc ef tv end of problem *After typing the above commands, click the LISREL logo Command Syntax Interpretation 1 Title: Path diagram- Title of the model (i.e., Path diagram Pornography (Model 2) Pornography Model 2). 2 Observed variables CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SSEXI SSEXM SPYDALL 3 Covariance matrix from file Porn2.cm 4 Asymptotic matrix from file Porn2.acm Lists the observed variables (i.e., CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL). Specifies the covariance matrix (i.e., Porn2.cm). Specifies the asymptotic covariance matrix (i.e., Porn2.acm). 5 Sample size =2904 Specifies the sample size (i.e., N=2904). 6 Paths Specifies the relationships between CFAIMALL ->SPYDALL SSEXI dependent and independent variables. SSEXM SPYDALL -> 7 Options: MLR Specifies the robust maximum likelihood 8 Lisrel output sc ef tv end of problem estimation method. Requests the LISREL printed output with the following values (i.e., sc: completely standardized solution; ef: direct and indirect effects size; tv: t values of the parameters)
8 LISREL outputs for testing a direct and indirect effect model (Model 2) Title: Path diagram-pornography (Model 2.1) Observed variables CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL Covariance matrix from file Porn2.cm Asymptotic matrix from file Porn2.acm Sample size=2904 Paths -> SPYDALL SPYDALL -> Options: MLR Lisrel output sc ef tv end of problem Path diagram-pornography (Model 2.1) Covariance Matrix SPYDALL SPYDALL 0.45 SSEXI SSEXM Path diagram-pornography (Model 2.1) Parameter Specifications BETA SPYDALL SPYDALL SSEXI SSEXM GAMMA SPYDALL 3 SSEXI 4
9 SSEXM 5 PHI PSI 6 SPYDALL Path diagram-pornography (Model 2.1) Number of Iterations = 0 LISREL Estimates (Robust Maximum Likelihood) BETA SPYDALL SPYDALL SSEXI SSEXM (0.03) GAMMA SPYDALL SSEXI SSEXM Covariance Matrix of Y and X SPYDALL SPYDALL 0.45 SSEXI SSEXM
10 PHI PSI Note: This matrix is diagonal. SPYDALL (0.01) Squared Multiple Correlations for Structural Equations SPYDALL Squared Multiple Correlations for Reduced Form SPYDALL Reduced Form SPYDALL SSEXI SSEXM Goodness of Fit Statistics Degrees of Freedom = 1 Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square = (P = 0.0) Normal Theory Weighted Least Squares Chi-Square = (P = 0.0) Satorra-Bentler Scaled Chi-Square = (P = 0.0) Chi-Square Corrected for Non-Normality = (P = 0.0) Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = Percent Confidence Interval for NCP = ( ; ) Minimum Fit Function Value = 0.29 Population Discrepancy Function Value (F0) = Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (0.11 ; 0.15)
11 Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.33 ; 0.39) P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.00 Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) = Percent Confidence Interval for ECVI = (0.11 ; 0.16) ECVI for Saturated Model = ECVI for Independence Model = 1.68 Chi-Square for Independence Model with 6 Degrees of Freedom = Independence AIC = Model AIC = Saturated AIC = Independence CAIC = Model CAIC = Saturated CAIC = Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.92 Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.55 Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.15 Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.92 Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.92 Relative Fit Index (RFI) = 0.55 Critical N (CN) = Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = Standardized RMR = 0.10 Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.89 Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI) = Path diagram-pornography (Model 2.1) Standardized Solution BETA SPYDALL SPYDALL SSEXI SSEXM GAMMA SPYDALL 0.54 SSEXI 0.61 SSEXM Correlation Matrix of Y and X SPYDALL
12 SPYDALL 1.00 SSEXI SSEXM PSI Note: This matrix is diagonal. SPYDALL Regression Matrix Y on X (Standardized) SPYDALL 0.54 SSEXI 0.65 SSEXM Path diagram-pornography (Model 2.1) Total and Indirect Effects Total Effects of X on Y SPYDALL SSEXI SSEXM Indirect Effects of X on Y SPYDALL - - SSEXI 0.04 (0.01) 4.12 SSEXM (0.01) Total Effects of Y on Y SPYDALL SPYDALL SSEXI
13 4.15 SSEXM (0.03) Largest Eigenvalue of B*B' (Stability Index) is Path diagram-pornography (Model 2.1) Standardized Total and Indirect Effects Standardized Total Effects of X on Y SPYDALL 0.54 SSEXI 0.65 SSEXM Standardized Indirect Effects of X on Y SPYDALL - - SSEXI 0.04 SSEXM Standardized Total Effects of Y on Y SPYDALL SPYDALL SSEXI SSEXM Time used: Seconds
14 Appendix 4 Commands for testing an additional path (Model 1a) To test the additional path in Model 1, the following SIMPLIS syntax commands were used: Title: Path diagram Pornography (Model 1a) Observed variables CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL Covariance matrix from file Porn2.cm Asymptotic matrix from file Porn2.acm Sample size=2904 Paths > SSEXM >SSEXI Options: MLR Lisrel output sc ef tv end of problem *After typing the above commands, click the LISREL logo Command Syntax Interpretation 1 Title: Path diagram-pornography Title of the model (i.e., Path (Model 1) diagram Pornography Model 1). 2 Observed variables CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL SSEXI SSEXM Lists the observed variables (i.e., CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL ). 3 Covariance matrix from file Porn2.cm Specifies the covariance matrix (i.e., Porn2.cm). 4 Asymptotic matrix from file Porn2.acm Specifies the asymptotic covariance matrix (i.e., Porn2.acm). 5 Sample size =2904 Specifies the sample size (i.e., N=2904). 6 Paths CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM -> Specifies the relationship between dependent and independent variables. 7 SSEXM -> SSEXI Specifies the relationship between dependent variables. 8 Options: MLR Specifies the robust maximum likelihood estimation method. 9 Lisrel output sc ef tv end of problem Requests the LISREL printed output with the following values (i.e., sc: completely standardized solution; ef: direct and indirect effects size; tv: t values of the parameters)
15 LISREL outputs for testing an additional path (Model 1a) Title: Path diagram-pornography (Model 1a) Observed variables CFAIM CFAIC CFAICOM SPYDALL Covariance matrix from file Porn2.cm Asymptotic matrix from file Porn2.acm Sample size=2904 Paths -> SSEXM -> SSEXI Options: MLR Lisrel output sc ef tv end of problem Path diagram-pornography (Model 1a) Covariance Matrix SSEXI 0.79 SSEXM Path diagram-pornography (Model 1a) Parameter Specifications BETA SSEXI 0 1 SSEXM 0 0 GAMMA SSEXI 2 SSEXM 3 PHI 4
16 PSI 5 6 Path diagram-pornography (Model 1a) Number of Iterations = 0 LISREL Estimates (Robust Maximum Likelihood) BETA SSEXI SSEXM GAMMA SSEXI SSEXM Covariance Matrix of Y and X SSEXI 0.79 SSEXM PHI PSI Note: This matrix is diagonal (0.01)
17 Squared Multiple Correlations for Structural Equations Squared Multiple Correlations for Reduced Form Reduced Form SSEXI SSEXM Goodness of Fit Statistics Degrees of Freedom = 0 Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square = 0.00 (P = 1.00) Normal Theory Weighted Least Squares Chi-Square = 0.00 (P = 1.00) Satorra-Bentler Scaled Chi-Square = 0.0 (P = 1.00) The Model is Saturated, the Fit is Perfect! Path diagram-pornography (Model 1a) Standardized Solution BETA SSEXI SSEXM GAMMA SSEXI 0.41 SSEXM Correlation Matrix of Y and X
18 SSEXI 1.00 SSEXM PSI Note: This matrix is diagonal Regression Matrix Y on X (Standardized) SSEXI 0.65 SSEXM Path diagram-pornography (Model 1a) Total and Indirect Effects Total Effects of X on Y SSEXI SSEXM Indirect Effects of X on Y SSEXI SSEXM - - Total Effects of Y on Y SSEXI SSEXM Largest Eigenvalue of B*B' (Stability Index) is Path diagram-pornography (Model 1a) Standardized Total and Indirect Effects
19 Standardized Total Effects of X on Y SSEXI 0.65 SSEXM Standardized Indirect Effects of X on Y SSEXI 0.24 SSEXM - - Standardized Total Effects of Y on Y SSEXI SSEXM Time used: Seconds
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