Overview of Kinetics
|
|
- Jasmine Sherilyn Lee
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Overview of Kinetics [P] t = ν = k[s] Velocity of reaction Conc. of reactant(s) Rate of reaction M/sec Rate constant sec -1, M -1 sec -1 1 st order reaction-rate depends on concentration of one reactant S P [P] t = ν = k[s] 2 nd order reactions may Depend on two reactants S 1 + S 2 P [P] t = ν = k[s 1] S 2
2 Review of Kinetics Most of the time reactions obtain equilibrium k 1 and k -1 are the rate constants for forward And reverse reactions K eq = [P] eq [S] eq = k 1 k 1 Kinetic rate constants are useful in determining equilibrium chemistry When equilibrium is reached: rate of forward and reverse reactions are the same.
3 Determination of rates and rate constants Method of initial rates (V o ) at different [S] o to determine rate constants -measure V o very early in the reaction -very little product has formed (equilibrium is not a factor) Figure 7.2 [S] o
4 Enzyme Kinetics E = enzyme S = substrate P = product ES = enzyme substrate complex k 1 = rate constant for ES binding -IF k 1 is very large, binding is very favorable k 2 = rate constant for P formation from ES - IF k 2 is very large, conversion to product is fast. This enzymatic reaction depends upon both the [E] and [S]
5 Enzyme Kinetics - A more common reaction scheme or mechanism involves a reversible binding of E and S. Define a dissociation constant (K d ), measure of S binding to E. K d = k 1 k 1 If k 1 >> k -1, S binding is very favorable. A small value for K d means binding is favorable
6 Enzyme kinetics terminology [S] substrate concentration V o initial velocity of a reaction. A significant amount of substrate has not yet been converted to product. V max maximal velocity of a reaction. Addition of more substrate will not increase the rate of the reaction. K M The concentration of substrate at which the rate of the reaction is half-maximal
7 A commonly observed behavior for enzyme catalyzed reactions showing the change in V o as [S] is changed This region is zero order in [S] This region is 1 st order in [S] This behavior can be described mathematically by the Michaelis-Menten equation Vo= V max[s] K M +[S]
8 k 2 (called k cat ) is a measure of the number of substrate molecules converted to product per second per enzyme molecule k cat is called catalytic constant and is determined at high [S] k cat /K M is a rate measure of catalytic efficiency for the conversion of E + S E + P
9 Turnover numbers (k cat ) CO 2 + H 2 O HCO 3 - (1.7 microseconds (ms) per reaction) Chymotrypsin catalyzes peptide cleavage (0.01 sec per cleavage)
10
11 Experimental method for determining V max and K M Figure 7.5 Plot the reciprocal of The Michaelis-Menten Equation. A linear equation is generated
12 Allosteric enzymes and regulation These complex metabolic pathways must be regulated. Figure 7.7
13 Regulation of metabolic pathways In Feedback Inhibition, high concentration of the product of a pathway controls the rate of its own synthesis by inhibiting an early step Flux through the pathway is regulated depending on the concentration of Product (K below) In Allosteric Activation, high concentration of a metabolite early in the pathway activates enzymes for synthesis of the final product. Flux through the pathway is regulated depending on the concentration of Metabolites (F and I below)
14 Feed-Forward Activation - Metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway B is an allosteric activator
15 Figure 7.11 Effect of regulators on aspartate transcarbamoylase CTP ATP relaxes the enzyme (R state favored) Binding of substrates more favored CTP makes enzyme more tense (T state favored) binding of substrates less favored
16 Regulation by covalent modification Enzyme activity can be modified by covalent attachment and removal of groups on the polypeptide chain reversible phosphorylation Pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzes a reaction that link glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Phosphate is removed from serine residue reactivated form Phosphate is attached to serine residue Inactive form
17 Assignment Read Chapter 7 Read Chapter 8 Topics not covered: Concerted and Sequential models Section 7.4 Enzymes can be studied one molecule at a time.
C a h p a t p e t r e r 6 E z n y z m y e m s
Chapter 6 Enzymes 4. Examples of enzymatic reactions acid-base catalysis: give and take protons covalent catalysis: a transient covalent bond is formed between the enzyme and the substrate metal ion catalysis:
More informationChapter 6: Outline-2. Chapter 6: Outline Properties of Enzymes. Introduction. Activation Energy, E act. Activation Energy-2
Chapter 6: Outline- Properties of Enzymes Classification of Enzymes Enzyme inetics Michaelis-Menten inetics Lineweaver-Burke Plots Enzyme Inhibition Catalysis Catalytic Mechanisms Cofactors Chapter 6:
More informationEnzyme Kinetics: The study of reaction rates. For each very short segment dt of the reaction: V k 1 [S]
Enzyme Kinetics: The study of reaction rates. For the one-way st -order reaction: S the rate of reaction (V) is: V P [ P] moles / L t sec For each very short segment dt of the reaction: d[ P] d[ S] V dt
More informationBiochemistry 462a - Enzyme Kinetics Reading - Chapter 8 Practice problems - Chapter 8: (not yet assigned); Enzymes extra problems
Biochemistry 462a - Enzyme Kinetics Reading - Chapter 8 Practice problems - Chapter 8: (not yet assigned); Enzymes extra problems Introduction Enzymes are Biological Catalysis A catalyst is a substance
More informationEnzyme Reactions. Lecture 13: Kinetics II Michaelis-Menten Kinetics. Margaret A. Daugherty Fall v = k 1 [A] E + S ES ES* EP E + P
Lecture 13: Kinetics II Michaelis-Menten Kinetics Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2003 Enzyme Reactions E + S ES ES* EP E + P E = enzyme ES = enzyme-substrate complex ES* = enzyme/transition state complex EP
More informationMichaelis-Menten Kinetics. Lecture 13: Kinetics II. Enzyme Reactions. Margaret A. Daugherty. Fall Substrates bind to the enzyme s active site
Lecture 13: Kinetics II Michaelis-Menten Kinetics Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2003 Enzyme Reactions E + S ES ES* EP E + P E = enzyme ES = enzyme-substrate complex ES* = enzyme/transition state complex EP
More informationEnzymes and Enzyme Kinetics I. Dr.Nabil Bashir
Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics I Dr.Nabil Bashir Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics I: Outlines Enzymes - Basic Concepts and Kinetics Enzymes as Catalysts Enzyme rate enhancement / Enzyme specificity Enzyme cofactors
More informationExam 3 Review (4/12/2011) Lecture note excerpt covering lectures (Exam 3 topics: Chapters 8, 12, 14 & 15)
Exam 3 Review (4/12/2011) Lecture note excerpt covering lectures 17-23 (Exam 3 topics: Chapters 8, 12, 14 & 15) Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition, and Regulation Chapter 12 Enzyme Kinetics When the concentration
More information2013 W. H. Freeman and Company. 6 Enzymes
2013 W. H. Freeman and Company 6 Enzymes CHAPTER 6 Enzymes Key topics about enzyme function: Physiological significance of enzymes Origin of catalytic power of enzymes Chemical mechanisms of catalysis
More informationBiochemical Kinetics: the science that studies rates of chemical reactions An example is the reaction (A P), The velocity, v, or rate, of the
Biochemical Kinetics: the science that studies rates of chemical reactions An example is the reaction (A P), The velocity, v, or rate, of the reaction A P is the amount of P formed or the amount of A consumed
More informationExam 4 April 15, 2005 CHEM 3511 Print Name: KEY Signature
1) (8 pts) General Properties of Enzymes. Give four properties of enzymaticallycatalyzed reactions. The answers should indicate how enzymatic reactions differ from non-enzymatic reactions. Write four only
More informationBiological Chemistry and Metabolic Pathways
Biological Chemistry and Metabolic Pathways 1. Reaction a. Thermodynamics b. Kinetics 2. Enzyme a. Structure and Function b. Regulation of Activity c. Kinetics d. Inhibition 3. Metabolic Pathways a. REDOX
More information4. What is the general expression Keq (the equilibrium constant) in terms of product and reactant concentration? tell us about the enzyme.
Section 8 Enzyme Kinetics Pre-Activity Assignment 1. Produce a reading log for the sections in your text that discuss the Michaelis-Menten equation and including kcat. 2. Focus on the derivation of the
More informationENZYMES. by: Dr. Hadi Mozafari
ENZYMES by: Dr. Hadi Mozafari 1 Specifications Often are Polymers Have a protein structures Enzymes are the biochemical reactions Katalyzers Enzymes are Simple & Complex compounds 2 Enzymatic Reactions
More informationProteins Act As Catalysts
Proteins Act As Catalysts Properties of Enzymes Catalyst - speeds up attainment of reaction equilibrium Enzymatic reactions -10 3 to 10 17 faster than the corresponding uncatalyzed reactions Substrates
More informationAffinity labels for studying enzyme active sites. Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition. Inhibition of serine protease with DFP
Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition Irreversible inhibitors form stable covalent bonds with the enzyme (e.g. alkylation or acylation of an active site side chain) There are many naturally-occurring and synthetic
More informationEnzymes II. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017
Enzymes II Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017 Kinetics Kinetics is deals with the rates of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions. For the reaction (A P), The
More informationBCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics. Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Equation Vo, Km, Vmax, Kcat Lineweaver-Burk Plot
BCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Enzymes are biological macromolecules that increase the rate of the reaction. Six major groups of enzymes (pgs. 94-95/98-99) Oxidoreductases:
More informationLecture 11: Enzymes: Kinetics [PDF] Reading: Berg, Tymoczko & Stryer, Chapter 8, pp
Lecture 11: Enzymes: Kinetics [PDF] Reading: Berg, Tymoczko & Stryer, Chapter 8, pp. 216-225 Updated on: 2/4/07 at 9:00 pm Key Concepts Kinetics is the study of reaction rates. Study of enzyme kinetics
More informationAn Introduction to Metabolism
An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8 Objectives Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: catabolic and anabolic pathways; kinetic and potential energy; open and closed systems; exergonic and
More informationBCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics. Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Equation Vo, Km, Vmax, Kcat Lineweaver-Burk Plot
BCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Equation Vo, Km, Vmax, Kcat Lineweaver-Burk Plot Enzymes are biological macromolecules that increase the rate of the
More informationBCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics. Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Equation Vo, Km, Vmax, Kcat Lineweaver-Burk Plot
BCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Equation Vo, Km, Vmax, Kcat Lineweaver-Burk Plot Enzymes are biological macromolecules that increase the rate of the
More informationBiochemistry. Lecture 8 Enzyme Kinetics
Biochemistry Lecture 8 Enzyme Kinetics Why Enzymes? igher reaction rates Greater reaction specificity Milder reaction conditions Capacity for regulation C - - C N 2 - C N 2 - C - C Chorismate mutase -
More informationAfter lectures by. disappearance of reactants or appearance of. measure a reaction rate we monitor the. Reaction Rates (reaction velocities): To
Revised 3/21/2017 After lectures by Dr. Loren Williams (GeorgiaTech) Protein Folding: 1 st order reaction DNA annealing: 2 nd order reaction Reaction Rates (reaction velocities): To measure a reaction
More informationLecture 19 (10/30/17) Enzyme Regulation
Reading: Ch5; 164, 166-169 Problems: none Remember Today at 6:30 in PHO-206 is the first MB lecture & quiz NEXT Reading: Ch5; 158-169, 162-166, 169-174 Lecture 19 (10/30/17) Problems: Ch5 (text); 3,7,8,10
More informationCHAPTER 15 Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design
CHAPTER 15 Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design Chapter 15 An overview of Metabolism Metabolism is the sum of cellular reactions - Metabolism the entire network of chemical reactions carried out by living
More informationCHEM 251 (4 credits): Description
CHEM 251 (4 credits): Intermediate Reactions of Nucleophiles and Electrophiles (Reactivity 2) Description: An understanding of chemical reactivity, initiated in Reactivity 1, is further developed based
More informationI. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI.
Chapter 6 Energy & Metabolism I. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI. Metabolism I. Flow of Energy in Living
More informationLecture 13: Data Analysis for the V versus [S] Experiment and Interpretation of the Michaelis-Menten Parameters
Biological Chemistry Laboratory Biology 3515/Chemistry 3515 Spring 2018 Lecture 13: Data Analysis for the V versus [S] Experiment and Interpretation of the Michaelis-Menten Parameters 20 February 2018
More informationUnit 3. Enzymes. Catalysis and enzyme kinetics.
Unit 3 Enzymes. Catalysis and enzyme kinetics. OUTLINE 3.1. Characteristics of biological catalysts. Coenzymes, cofactors, vitamins Enzyme nomenclature and classification 3.2. Enzyme catalysis. Transition
More informationWhat is an enzyme? Lecture 12: Enzymes & Kinetics I Introduction to Enzymes and Kinetics. Margaret A. Daugherty Fall General Properties
Lecture 12: Enzymes & Kinetics I Introduction to Enzymes and Kinetics Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2003 ENZYMES: Why, what, when, where, how? All but the who! What: proteins that exert kinetic control over
More informationChapter 8. Enzymes: basic concept and kinetics
Chapter 8 Enzymes: basic concept and kinetics Learning objectives: mechanism of enzymatic catalysis Michaelis -Menton Model Inhibition Single Molecule of Enzymatic Reaction Enzymes: catalysis chemical
More informationC a h p a t p e t r e r 6 E z n y z m y e m s
Chapter 6 Enzymes 1. An Introduction to Enzymes Enzymes are catalytically active biological macromolecules Enzymes are catalysts of biological systems Almost every biochemical reaction is catalyzed by
More informationChapter 6 Overview. Enzymes. Catalysis most important function of proteins. Globular protein Increase rate of metabolic processes
Chapter 6 Overview Enzymes Catalysis most important function of proteins n Enzymes protein catalysts Globular protein Increase rate of metabolic processes Enzymes kinetics info on reaction rates & measure
More informationReading for today: Chapter 16 (selections from Sections A, B and C) Friday and Monday: Chapter 17 (Diffusion)
Lecture 29 Enzymes Reading for today: Chapter 6 (selections from Sections, B and C) Friday and Monday: Chapter 7 (Diffusion) 4/3/6 Today s Goals Michaelis-Menten mechanism for simple enzyme reactions:
More informationEnzymes Part III: Enzyme kinetics. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer semester,
Enzymes Part III: Enzyme kinetics Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer semester, 2015-2016 Kinetics Kinetics is deals with the rates of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions.
More informationBiochemistry. Lecture 8
Biochemistry Lecture 8 Why Enzymes? igher reaction rates Greater reaction specificity Milder reaction conditions Capacity for regulation C - - C N 2 - C N 2 - C - C Chorismate mutase - C - C - C Metabolites
More informationCatalysis is Necessary for Life. Chapter 6 Enzymes. Why Study Enzymes? Enzymes are Biological Catalysts
Chapter 6 Enzymes Catalysis is Necessary for Life Definition: a catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, while emerging unchanged at the end Corollary A: a catalyst is never used up,
More informationObjectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Metabolism. Catabolic Pathways. Anabolic Pathways 3/6/2011. How to Read a Chemical Equation
Objectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Chapter 8 Metabolism, Energy, and Life Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cell metabolism Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy Distinguish
More informationAn Introduction to Metabolism
An Introduction to Metabolism I. All of an organism=s chemical reactions taken together is called metabolism. A. Metabolic pathways begin with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of
More informationENZYME KINETICS. Medical Biochemistry, Lecture 24
ENZYME KINETICS Medical Biochemistry, Lecture 24 Lecture 24, Outline Michaelis-Menten kinetics Interpretations and uses of the Michaelis- Menten equation Enzyme inhibitors: types and kinetics Enzyme Kinetics
More informationChapter 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell
Chapter 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell What is Energy? Answer: The Capacity to do Work Types of Energy: 1) Kinetic Energy = Energy of movement Light (movement of photons) Heat (movement of particles)
More informationTala Saleh. Mohammad Omari. Dr. Ma moun
20 0 Tala Saleh Mohammad Omari Razi Kittaneh Dr. Ma moun Quick recap The rate of Chemical Reactions Rises linearly as the substrate concentration [S] increases. The rate of Enzymatic Reactions Rises rapidly
More informationA First Course on Kinetics and Reaction Engineering. Class 9 on Unit 9
A First Course on Kinetics and Reaction Engineering Class 9 on Unit 9 Part I - Chemical Reactions Part II - Chemical Reaction Kinetics Where We re Going A. Rate Expressions - 4. Reaction Rates and Temperature
More informationChapter 8 Notes. An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8 Notes An Introduction to Metabolism Describe how allosteric regulators may inhibit or stimulate the activity of an enzyme. Objectives Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: catabolic
More informationEnzymes & Enzyme Kinetics 1 الفريق الطبي األكاديمي
Enzymes & Enzyme Kinetics 1 الفريق الطبي األكاديمي Lectuer one : Done by Shady Soghayr Corrected by Gharam Al-Khalaileh Lectuer two : Will Done by Rand Khlaifat & hanan jamal كلية الطب البشري البلقاء التطبيقية
More informationName Student number. UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH CHEM 4540 ENZYMOLOGY Winter 2002 Quiz #1: February 14, 2002, 11:30 13:00 Instructor: Prof R.
UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH CHEM 4540 ENZYMOLOGY Winter 2002 Quiz #1: February 14, 2002, 11:30 13:00 Instructor: Prof R. Merrill Instructions: Time allowed = 90 minutes. Total marks = 30. This quiz represents
More informationFrom Friday s material
5.111 Lecture 35 35.1 Kinetics Topic: Catalysis Chapter 13 (Section 13.14-13.15) From Friday s material Le Chatelier's Principle - when a stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium tends
More informationBiochemistry Enzyme kinetics
1 Description of Module Subject Name Paper Name Module Name/Title Enzyme Kinetics Dr. Vijaya Khader Dr. MC Varadaraj 2 1. Objectives 2. Enzymes as biological catalyst 3. Enzyme Catalysis 4. Understanding
More informationIntroduction on metabolism & refresher in enzymology
Introduction on metabolism & refresher in enzymology Daniel Kahn Laboratoire de Biométrie & Biologie Evolutive Lyon 1 University & INRA MIA Department Daniel.Kahn@univ-lyon1.fr General objectives of the
More informationCHM333 LECTURES 14 & 15: 2/15 17/12 SPRING 2012 Professor Christine Hrycyna
ENZYME KINETICS: The rate of the reaction catalyzed by enzyme E A + B P is defined as -Δ[A] or -Δ[B] or Δ[P] Δt Δt Δt A and B changes are negative because the substrates are disappearing P change is positive
More informationChapter 6. Ground Rules Of Metabolism
Chapter 6 Ground Rules Of Metabolism Alcohol Dehydrogenase An enzyme Breaks down ethanol and other toxic alcohols Allows humans to drink Metabolism Is the totality of an organism s chemical reactions Arises
More informationEnzymes and Enzyme Kinetics I. Dr. Kevin Ahern
Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics I Dr. Kevin Ahern Enzymatic Reactions Enzymatic Reactions Enzymatically Catalyzed Reactions Background Substrates Bound at Active Site of the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase
More information5. Kinetics of Allosteric Enzymes. Sigmoidal Kinetics. Cooperativity Binding Constant
5. Kinetics of Allosteric Enzymes Sigmoidal Kinetics Cooperativity Binding Constant Kinetics of Allosteric Enzymes Contents Definitions Allosteric enzymes Cooperativity Homoallostery Heteroallostery Biphasic
More informationCatalytic power of enzymes
Enzyme catalysis Catalytic power of enzymes Enzymatic reactions are involved in most biological processes. There is a major practical and fundamental interest in finding out what makes enzymes so efficient
More informationCHEM April 10, Exam 3
Name CHEM 3511 April 10, 2009 Exam 3 Name Page 1 1. (12 points) Give the name of your favorite Tech professor and in one sentence describe why you like him/her. 2. (10 points) An enzyme cleaves a chemical
More informationMembrane Proteins: 1. Integral proteins: 2. Peripheral proteins: 3. Amphitropic proteins:
Membrane Proteins: 1. Integral proteins: proteins that insert into/span the membrane bilayer; or covalently linked to membrane lipids. (Interact with the hydrophobic part of the membrane) 2. Peripheral
More informationLearning Outcomes. k 1
Module 1DHS - Data Handling Skills Unit: Applied Maths Lecturer: Dr. Simon Hubbard (H13), Email: Simon.Hubbard@umist.ac.uk Title: Equilibria & Michaelis-Menten This lecture and problem class will introduce
More informationEnzyme Nomenclature Provides a Systematic Way of Naming Metabolic Reactions
Enzyme Kinetics Virtually All Reactions in Cells Are Mediated by Enzymes Enzymes catalyze thermodynamically favorable reactions, causing them to proceed at extraordinarily rapid rates Enzymes provide cells
More informationCh 4: Cellular Metabolism, Part 1
Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism, Part 1 Energy as it relates to Biology Energy for synthesis and movement Energy transformation Enzymes and how they speed reactions Metabolism
More informationEnergy Transformation and Metabolism (Outline)
Energy Transformation and Metabolism (Outline) - Definitions & Laws of Thermodynamics - Overview of energy flow ecosystem - Biochemical processes: Anabolic/endergonic & Catabolic/exergonic - Chemical reactions
More informationAli Yaghi. Gumana Ghashan. Mamoun Ahram
21 Ali Yaghi Gumana Ghashan Mamoun Ahram Kinetics The study of Kinetics deals with the rates of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rate of chemical reactions. For the reaction (A
More informationENZYME KINETICS. What happens to S, P, E, ES?
ENZYME KINETICS Go to lecture notes and/or supplementary handouts for the following: 1 Basic observations in enzyme inetics 2 Michaelis-Menten treatment of enzyme inetics 3 Briggs-Haldane treatment of
More informationBCH 3023 Fall 2008 Exam 2, Form C Name: ANSWER KEY
Name: ANSWER KEY In class, we discussed one method to linearize the Michaelis-Menton equation. There are other methods to do this, one being an Eadie-Hofstee plot. Given the Eadie-Hofstee plot below, answer
More informationLecture 15 (10/20/17) Lecture 15 (10/20/17)
Reading: Ch6; 98-203 Ch6; Box 6- Lecture 5 (0/20/7) Problems: Ch6 (text); 8, 9, 0,, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Ch6 (study guide-facts); 6, 7, 8, 9, 20, 2 8, 0, 2 Ch6 (study guide-applying); NEXT Reading: Ch6; 207-20
More informationIntroduction and. Properties of Enzymes
Unit-III Enzymes Contents 1. Introduction and Properties of enzymes 2. Nomenclature and Classification 3. Mechanism of enzyme-catalyzed reactions 4. Kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions 5. Inhibition
More informationChapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism
AP Biology Reading Guide Name Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism Concept 8.1 An organism s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics 1. Define metabolism. 2.
More informationLecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy
Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Reading Assignments Review Chapter 3 Energy, Catalysis, & Biosynthesis Read Chapter 13 How Cells obtain Energy from Food Read Chapter 14
More informationProgram for the rest of the course
Program for the rest of the course 16.4 Enzyme kinetics 17.4 Metabolic Control Analysis 19.4. Exercise session 5 23.4. Metabolic Control Analysis, cont. 24.4 Recap 27.4 Exercise session 6 etabolic Modelling
More informationFlow of Energy. Flow of Energy. Energy and Metabolism. Chapter 6
Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6 Flow of Energy Energy: the capacity to do work -kinetic energy: the energy of motion -potential energy: stored energy Energy can take many forms: mechanical electric current
More informationChapter 6- An Introduction to Metabolism*
Chapter 6- An Introduction to Metabolism* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. The Energy of Life
More informationEnergy and Cellular Metabolism
1 Chapter 4 About This Chapter Energy and Cellular Metabolism 2 Energy in biological systems Chemical reactions Enzymes Metabolism Figure 4.1 Energy transfer in the environment Table 4.1 Properties of
More informationPETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER
PETER PAZMANY SEMMELWEIS CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework** Consortium leader PETER PAZMANY
More informationChapter 15 part 2. Biochemistry I Introduction to Metabolism Bioenergetics: Thermodynamics in Biochemistry. ATP 4- + H 2 O ADP 3- + P i + H +
Biochemistry I Introduction to Metabolism Bioenergetics: Thermodynamics in Biochemistry ATP 4- + 2 ADP 3- + P i 2- + + Chapter 15 part 2 Dr. Ray 1 Energy flow in biological systems: Energy Transformations
More informationIntroduction to Metabolism (Or Energy Management) Chapter 8
Introduction to Metabolism (Or Energy Management) Chapter 8 Metabolism of the chemical reactions in the organism Building up molecules Breaking down molecules Managing energy and materials Route to end-product
More informationA. One-Substrate Reactions (1) Kinetic concepts
A. One-Substrate Reactions (1) Kinetic concepts (2) Kinetic analysis (a) Briggs-Haldane steady-state treatment (b) Michaelis constant (K m ) (c) Specificity constant (3) Graphical analysis (4) Practical
More information2054, Chap. 8, page 1
2054, Chap. 8, page 1 I. Metabolism: Energetics, Enzymes, and Regulation (Chapter 8) A. Energetics and work 1. overview a. energy = ability to do work (1) chemical, transport, mechanical (2) ultimate source
More informationChem Lecture 4 Enzymes Part 2
Chem 452 - Lecture 4 Enzymes Part 2 Question of the Day: Is there some easy way to clock how many reactions one enzyme molecule is able to catalyze in an hour? Thermodynamics I think that enzymes are molecules
More informationPrerequisites Properties of allosteric enzymes. Basic mechanisms involving regulation of metabolic pathways.
Case 16 Allosteric Regulation of ATCase Focus concept An enzyme involved in nucleotide synthesis is subject to regulation by a variety of combinations of nucleotides. Prerequisites Properties of allosteric
More informationChapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism Key Concepts 8.1 An organism s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics 8.2 The free-energy change of a reaction tells us
More informationBiochemistry 3100 Sample Problems Binding proteins, Kinetics & Catalysis
(1) Draw an approximate denaturation curve for a typical blood protein (eg myoglobin) as a function of ph. (2) Myoglobin is a simple, single subunit binding protein that has an oxygen storage function
More informationChapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism. 1. Energy & Chemical Reactions 2. ATP 3. Enzymes & Metabolic Pathways
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism 1. Energy & Chemical Reactions 2. ATP 3. Enzymes & Metabolic Pathways 1. Energy & Chemical Reactions 2 Basic Forms of Energy Kinetic Energy (KE) energy in motion
More informationEnzymes I. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer semester,
Enzymes I Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer semester, 2017-2018 Resources Mark's Basic Medical Biochemistry Other resources NCBI Bookshelf: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=books The Medical Biochemistry
More informationNotice that this is an open system!
Thinking About Energy and Enzymes Case Study: Frank Frank s aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme has a substitution at position 487. He has the amino acid lysine at this position instead of glutamic acid.
More informationLecture 15: Enzymes & Kinetics. Mechanisms ROLE OF THE TRANSITION STATE. H-O-H + Cl - H-O δ- H Cl δ- HO - + H-Cl. Margaret A. Daugherty.
Lecture 15: Enzymes & Kinetics Mechanisms Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2004 ROLE OF THE TRANSITION STATE Consider the reaction: H-O-H + Cl - H-O δ- H Cl δ- HO - + H-Cl Reactants Transition state Products
More informationComputational Biology 1
Computational Biology 1 Protein Function & nzyme inetics Guna Rajagopal, Bioinformatics Institute, guna@bii.a-star.edu.sg References : Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4 th d. Alberts et. al. Pg. 129 190
More informationAn Introduction to Metabolism
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism
More information4 Examples of enzymes
Catalysis 1 4 Examples of enzymes Adding water to a substrate: Serine proteases. Carbonic anhydrase. Restrictions Endonuclease. Transfer of a Phosphoryl group from ATP to a nucleotide. Nucleoside monophosphate
More informationAn Introduction to Metabolism. Chapter 8
An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8 METABOLISM I. Introduction All of an organism s chemical reactions Thousands of reactions in a cell Example: digest starch use sugar for energy and to build new
More informationWhat is an enzyme? Lecture 12: Enzymes & Kinetics I Introduction to Enzymes and Kinetics. Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2004 KEY FEATURES OF ENZYMES
Lecture 12: Enzymes & Kinetics I Introduction to Enzymes and Kinetics Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2004 What is an enzyme? General Properties Mostly proteins, but some are actually RNAs Biological catalysts
More informationCHAPTER 8. An Introduction to Metabolism
CHAPTER 8 An Introduction to Metabolism WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW: Examples of endergonic and exergonic reactions. The key role of ATP in energy coupling. That enzymes work by lowering the energy of activation.
More informationOutline. Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes. Forms of Energy. Chapter 6
Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Chapter 6 Forms of Energy Outline Laws of Thermodynamics Metabolic Reactions ATP Metabolic Pathways Energy of Activation Enzymes Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration 1 2 Forms
More informationChemistry 5.07SC Biological Chemistry I Fall Semester, 2013
Chemistry 5.07SC Biological Chemistry I Fall Semester, 2013 Lecture 10. Biochemical Transformations II. Phosphoryl transfer and the kinetics and thermodynamics of energy currency in the cell: ATP and GTP.
More informationChapter 8 Metabolism: Energy, Enzymes, and Regulation
Chapter 8 Metabolism: Energy, Enzymes, and Regulation Energy: Capacity to do work or cause a particular change. Thus, all physical and chemical processes are the result of the application or movement of
More informationEnzyme Kinetics 2014
V 41 Enzyme Kinetics 2014 Atkins Ch.23, Tinoco 4 th -Ch.8 Enzyme rxn example Catalysis/Mechanism: E + S k -1 ES k 1 ES E is at beginning and k 2 k -2 E + P at end of reaction Catalyst: No consumption of
More informationLecture 13: Data Analysis and Interpretation of the Michaelis-Menten Parameters
Biological Chemistry Laboratory Biology 3515/Chemistry 3515 Spring 2019 Lecture 13: Data Analysis and Interpretation of the Michaelis-Menten Parameters 19 February 2019 c David P. Goldenberg University
More informationGeneral Biology. The Energy of Life The living cell is a miniature factory where thousands of reactions occur; it converts energy in many ways
Course No: BNG2003 Credits: 3.00 General Biology 5. An Introduction into Cell Metabolism The Energy of Life The living cell is a miniature factory where thousands of reactions occur; it converts energy
More information9/25/2011. Outline. Overview: The Energy of Life. I. Forms of Energy II. Laws of Thermodynamics III. Energy and metabolism IV. ATP V.
Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Outline I. Forms of Energy II. Laws of Thermodynamics III. Energy and metabolism IV. ATP V. Enzymes Overview: The Energy of Life Figure 8.1 The living cell is a miniature
More informationChapter 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell
Chapter 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell What is Energy? Answer: The capacity to do work Types of Energy: 1) Potential Energy = Stored energy Positional (stored in location of object) Chemical (stored
More informationPrevious Class. Today. Cosubstrates (cofactors)
Previous Class Cosubstrates (cofactors) Today Proximity effect Basic equations of Kinetics Steady state kinetics Michaelis Menten equations and parameters Enzyme Kinetics Enzyme kinetics implies characterizing
More information