R. Potts S. Cousineau J. Holmes W. Blokland. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle for the US Department of Energy
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1 Montague Resonance Studies at the Spallation Neutron Source R. Potts S. Cousineau J. Holmes W. Blokland ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle for the US Department of Energy
2 Outline Background Experimental Setup and Results PyORBIT Results Comparison of emittances and profiles Simulation Setup Recent Experimental Results 1
3 Background On-target requirements include profile parameters Design intended for independent control of transverse planes Accumulator Ring ~1000 Turns 1e14 protons Linac 4 Wirescanner Stations Ring to Target Beam Transport (RTBT) ~1 GeV H - Image courtesy of SNS 2
4 Background In certain beam configurations, this does not work The opposite plane of the beam is altered. Alter horizontal plane Effect appears in vertical plane The accumulated beam can change shape drastically Small changes causes beam to changing from flat topped to centrally peaked Effects not seen at low intensity Causes operational problems Effects linked with equal tune resonances due to space charge: i.e. Montague Resonances 2 Q x 2 Q y = 0 SNS Working Point Q x 6.23 Q y
5 Experimental Configuration Goal was to simplify the accumulation scenario and study the ΔQ=0 resonance: Chromaticity corrected (sextupoles on) Used skew quads to remove lattice coupling for single mini-pulse No Ring RF Coasting Beam Flat-topped Injection Kickers Chopped beam (25/64 due to no RF) 500 turns for total accumulation (3e13ppp) All cases presented have the horizontal emittance set up to be larger than the vertical emittance ( asymmetric beams). 4
6 Area Normalized (A.U.) Area Normalized (A.U.) Example of Tune Profile Shape Dependence on ΔQ Wire profiles of accumulated beam (Q 3x10 13 ppp) Horizontal Vertical 5
7 Evolution of Profile Shape for Different ΔQ Profiles shown around turns 100, 200, 350, 500 Similarities in profiles disappear as space charge increases Horizontal Vertical 6
8 Simulations of Experiment Used PyORBIT Measured injection offsets Adjusted within ±2mm to match initial low intensity emittances Nonlinear tracking 2.5D space charge 7
9 Benchmark of Unequal Tune Beam (ΔQ=0.03) Similar, but simulation underestimates dilution. Horizontal Vertical 8
10 Emittances of Unequal Tune Beam (ΔQ=0.03) 9
11 Evolutions of Equal Tune Beam (ΔQ=0.00) Simulation does not reflect measurement Horizontal Vertical 10
12 Emittances of Equal Tune Beam (ΔQ=0.00) Dynamics of the simulation are not accurate to experiment No experimental data for early accumulation 11
13 Simulation Setup Are we setting up our simulation correctly? 1. Parameter sensitivity studies with PyORBIT to see if the resonance dynamics are sensitive to tiny changes. Energy spread Chromaticity Injection offset 2. Tests in the control room to see if we model the single particle motion right 12
14 PyORBIT Sensitivity ±2mm uncertainty on injection offsets for equal tune case Does not change gross behavior. 13
15 Position (mm) Benchmark of Single Particle Behavior Experimental benchmark of single particle (single microbunch) from the turn-by-turn behavior. Replicate procedure with simulation Turns of Storage xtune ytune Simulation AVGs Data AVGs ΔQx = ΔQy =
16 Demonstration of Space Charge Effect on Profiles (ΔQ=0) Space charge effects strongly affect evolution Horizontal Vertical 15
17 Emittances of Equal Tune Beam (ΔQ=0) Dynamics of the simulation are not accurate to experiment Some coupling in simulation even without space charge. 16
18 Evolution of Equal Tune Beam with Storage (ΔQ=0) Coupling observed waist visible in horizontal plane at 130 turns (50 turns of accumulation and 80 turns of storage) Horizontal Vertical 17
19 A.U. A.U. A.U. Evolutions of Equal Tune Beam with Storage (ΔQ=0) Profiles of stored beam Compare horizontal and vertical planes scaled by sqrt(β) 80 Turns 100 Turns 130 Turns 18
20 Unnormalized Emittances (Measured At WS20) Comparison With Previous Measurements (ΔQ = 0) Continued accumulation slows oscillations due to the Montague Resonance Feb > Early Stored Turns
21 Conclusions Experimental evidence of resonance. Still working to measure dependence on tune split, intensity, emittance ratio. PyORBIT reasonably models beams with unequal tunes PyORBIT fails when beams have equal tunes Future work: Simulation Linear Lattice Experiment Electron Scanner Operations Mitigation of Resonance 20
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