F = ma W = mg v = D t
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1 Forces and Gravity Car Lab Name: F = ma W = mg v = D t p = mv Part A) Unit Review at D = f v = t v v Please write the UNITS for each item below For example, write kg next to mass. Name: Abbreviation: Units: Time t Force F Mass m Acceleration a Momentum p Distance D Average velocity Weight W Initial velocity v Final velocity Acceleration from the force of gravity v i f g i Part B) Testing Forces and Motion Materials your group will need: - Three students - Triple beam balance - Calculator - Car - Meter ruler - Wooden board - Stopwatch - Six books - Spring scale (force meter)
2 () Instructions: ) Set up your board and books like in the picture shown below. Start with only two books. Draw an arrow on the picture showing the direction for the force of gravity. ) Measure the mass of the car with the triple beam balance and the length of the board and record them below. m = mass of the car = D = length of the board = ) Each team should have a car person who controls the car, stopwatch person who keeps track of the time for each attempt, and data recorder who writes everything down. 4) Place the car at the top of the board. When the car is released the person with the stopwatch should start the stopwatch. When the end of the car passes over the end of the board they should stop the stopwatch. 5) The data recorder should record the time it took for the car to travel down the board in the table below. Repeat the experiment more times. Books: Question #: What is the force caused by gravity on the car? (Hint: force caused by gravity is the same thing as weight ) Question #: When you add the next book to the pile and make one end of your ramp higher, what you expect to the average velocity, acceleration, and average momentum? Will they increase, decrease or stay the same?
3 () Instructions: ) Repeat the same experiment again after your have added books to the pile (making a total of 4). Use steps 4 and 5 from the previous page. 4 Books: Question #: What happened to your values for average velocity, acceleration, and average momentum? Can you explain why this happened? Question #4: What do you expect to happen when you add a couple more books to the pile and repeat the experiment again? () Instructions: ) Repeat the same experiment again after your have added two more books to the pile (making a total of 6). The car might be going pretty fast so try to be as accurate as you can with the stopwatch. 6 Books: Question #5: What do you expect to happen when you go back to only books, add the mass of the rock to the car, and repeat the experiment again?
4 (4) Instructions: ) Find out the mass of the rock with your triple beam balance. Use this and previous data to record the following three values. (Remember the units) Mass of rock = Mass of car and rock = Force of gravity on the rock and car together = ) With the rock on the car, do three more attempts with a pile of only two books. Books and rock in the car: More Questions: Question #6: Which experiment (,4, or 6 books) had the largest average velocity, acceleration, and momentum? Can you think of a reason why? Plot the average velocity for, 4, and 6 books on the following graph Average velocity (m/s) Number of Books
5 Question #7: Look at the acceleration you calculated for books, 4 books, and 6 books (without adding the rock). Are they smaller, larger or the same as g (9.8 m/s )? If it is different, can you think of a reason why? To help you figure this one out, use the following instructions: - Lay the board flat on the table with a force meter hooked into one end or attached with string. - Lift the end of the board with the car and observe what happens to the force reading as you lift the board. Question #8: What happened to the force reading as you lifted the board? Why would the reading increase as you lift the board? Label the force of gravity on the car in the two pictures below.
6 Question #9: Compare the experiment using books without a rock on the car and books with a rock on the car. During which experiment did you calculate a larger momentum? Question #0: Compare the experiment using books without a rock on the car and books with a rock on the car. Was the acceleration different? Does gravity accelerate objects more quickly if they have more mass?
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