Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) Carlo Giunti
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1 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 /40 Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) Carlo Giunti INFN, Torino, Italy Recent Developments in Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics th Anniversary of Borexino LNGS and GSSI, Assergi and L Aquila, Italy, 4-7 September 07
2 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 /40 LSND [PRL 75 (995) 650; PRC 54 (996) 685; PRL 77 (996) 308; PRD 64 (00) 07] ν µ ν e 0 MeV E 5.8 MeV Well-known and pure source of ν µ p + target π + at rest µ + + ν µ 800 MeV µ + at rest e + + ν e + ν µ ν e + p n + e + Well-known detection process of ν e 3.8σ excess L 30 m But signal not seen by KARMEN at L 8 m with the same method [PRD 65 (00) 0]
3 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 3/40 m (ev /c 4 ) Karmen Bugey CCFR NOMAD % (L max -L <.3) 99% (L max -L < 4.6) sin θ m SBL 3 ev m ATM.5 3 ev m SOL
4 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 4/40 MiniBooNE L 54 m ν µ ν e [PRL (009) 80] 00 MeV E 3 GeV ν µ ν e [PRL (03) 680] LSND signal LSND signal Purpose: check LSND signal. Different L and E. Similar L/E (oscillations). No money, no Near Detector. LSND signal: E > 475 MeV. Agreement with LSND signal? CP violation? Low-energy anomaly! MicroBooNE
5 Gallium Anomaly Gallium Radioactive Source Experiments: GALLEX and SAGE ν e Sources: e + 5 Cr 5 V + ν e e + 37 Ar 37 Cl + ν e E 0.75 MeV E 0.8 MeV Test of Solar ν e Detection: ν e + 7 Ga 7 Ge + e R =N exp N cal GALLEX SAGE Cr Cr R = 0.84 ± 0.05 L GALLEX =.9 m GALLEX SAGE Cr Ar L SAGE = 0.6 m m SBL ev m ATM m SOL.9σ deficit [SAGE, PRC 73 (006) ; PRC 80 (009) 05807; Laveder et al, Nucl.Phys.Proc.Suppl. 68 (007) 344, MPLA (007) 499, PRD 78 (008) , PRC 83 (0) ] C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 5/40
6 Reactor Electron Antineutrino Anomaly C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 6/40 [Mention et al, PRD 83 (0) ] New reactor ν e fluxes [Mueller et al, PRC 83 (0) 05465; Huber, PRC 84 (0) 0467] R = N exp N cal Bugey 3 Bugey 4 Chooz Daya Bay Double Chooz Gosgen ILL Krasnoyarsk Nucifer 3 L [m].8σ deficit Palo Verde RENO Rovno88 R = ± 0.04 Rovno9 SRP
7 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 7/40 P ν e νe Bugey 4 Rovno9 E 4MeV sin ϑ ee = 0. m 4 = 0. ev m 4 = 0.5 ev m 4 =.0 ev Rovno88 Bugey 3 Gosgen ILL 3 L [m] Krasnoyarsk SRP Nucifer R DC DB DC R DB m SBL 0.5 ev m ATM m SOL
8 ε C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 8/40 NEOS [PRL 8 (07) 80 (arxiv:6.0534)] Events /day/0 kev Data/Prediction Data/Prediction (a) (b) Prompt Energy [MeV] Data signal (ON-OFF) Data background (OFF) MC 3ν (H-M-V) MC 3ν (Daya Bay) NEOS/H-M-V Systematic total Neutrino Energy [MeV] (c) NEOS/Daya Prompt BayEnergy [MeV] Systematic total.0 (.73 ev, 0.050) (.3 ev, 0.4) Prompt Energy [MeV] 3 Hanbit Nuclear Power Complex in Yeong-gwang, Korea. Thermal power of.8 GW. Detector: a ton of Gd-loaded liquid scintillator in a gallery approximately 4 m from the reactor core. The measured antineutrino event rate is 976 per day with a signal to background ratio of about.
9 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 9/40 ] 4 [ev m RAA allowed 90% CL 95% CL 99% CL NEOS Spectrum 90% CL 95% CL 99% CL Excluded NEOS 90% CL Bugey-3 90% CL Daya Bay 90% CL s [ev ] m 4 Raster Scan sin θ 4 [NEOS, PRL 8 (07) 80 (arxiv:6.0534)] Best Fits: m4 =.7 ev sin θ 4 = 0.05 m4 =.3 ev sin θ 4 = sin ϑ ee -D χ Analysis χ no osc. χ min = 6.5 χ distribution:.σ anomaly NEOS Monte Carlo:.σ anomaly
10 Beyond Three-Neutrino Mixing: Sterile Neutrinos C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 /40 m. ν 5. ν s ν 4 m SBL ν s ev ν 3 ν ν matm msol ν e ν µ ν τ.5 3 ev ev Terminology: means: a ev-scale sterile neutrino a ev-scale massive neutrino which is mainly sterile
11 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 /40 Effective 3+ SBL Oscillation Probabilities Appearance (α β) ( ) m P SBL ( ) sin ϑ ν ( ) αβ sin 4 L α ν β 4E Disappearance ( ) m P SBL ( ) sin ϑ ν ( ) αα sin 4 L α ν α 4E sin ϑ αβ = 4 U α4 U β4 sin ϑ αα = 4 U α4 ( U α4 ) U e U e U e3 U e4 U µ U µ U µ3 U µ4 U = U τ U τ U τ3 U τ4 U s U s U s3 U s4 SBL 6 mixing angles 3 Dirac CP phases 3 Majorana CP phases CP violation is not observable in SBL experiments! Observable in LBL accelerator exp. sensitive to matm [de Gouvea et al, PRD 9 (05) , PRD 9 (05) 0730, arxiv: ; Palazzo et al, PRD 9 (05) 07307, PLB 757 (06) 4; Kayser et al, JHEP 5 (05) 039, JHEP 6 (06) ] and solar exp. sensitive to msol [Long, Li, CG, PRD 87, 3004 (03) 3004]
12 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 /40 Common Parameterization of 4 4 Mixing Matrix U = [ W 34 R 4 W 4 R 3 W 3 R ] ( ) diag, e iλ, e iλ 3, e iλ 4 c c 3c 4 s c 3c 4 c 4s 3e iδ 3 s 4e iδ c 4s 4 0 e iλ 0 0 = c 4c 4s 34e iδ e iλ 3 0 c 4c 4c e iλ 4 U e4 = sin ϑ 4 sin ϑ ee = 4 U e4 ( U e4 ) = sin ϑ 4 U µ4 = cos ϑ 4 sin ϑ 4 sin ϑ 4 sin ϑ µµ = 4 U µ4 ( U µ4 ) sin ϑ 4
13 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 3/40 Global ν e and ν e Disappearance [Gariazzo, CG, Laveder, Li, JHEP 706 (07) 35 (arxiv: )] [ev ] m 4 ν edis σ σ σ Reactors Gallium ν ec Sun TK KARMEN+LSND ν e C [Conrad, Shaevitz, PRD 85 (0) 0307] [CG, Laveder, PLB 706 (0) 0] Solar ν e + KamLAND ν e [Li et al, PRD 80 (009) 3007, PRD 86 (0) 304] [Palazzo, PRD 83 (0) 303, PRD 85 (0) 07730] TK Near Detector ν e disappearance [TK, PRD 9 (05) 05] χ NO /NDF NO = 4./ 3. anom. sin ϑ ee Best Fit: m 4 =.7 ev sin ϑ ee = U e4 = 0.07 χ min /NDF = 63.0/74 GoF = 7%
14 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 4/40 Tritium Beta-Decay: 3 H 3 He + e + ν e Q = M3 H M3 He m e = 8.58 kev dγ dt = (cosϑ C G F ) π 3 M F (E) p E K (T ) K (T ) Q T = k U ek (Q T ) m k θ(q T m k) m 4 m,,3 ( U e4 ) (Q T ) m β θ(q T m β) + U e4 (Q T ) m 4 θ(q T m 4) K(T) Q 3 mβ = U ek mk k= Q m 4 T Q m β
15 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 5/40 Mainz and Troitsk Limit on m 4 m 4 m 4 m,,3 = m 4 m 4 m m 4 [Kraus, Singer, Valerius, Weinheimer, EPJC 73 (03) 33] [Belesev et al, JPG 4 (04) 0500]
16 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 6/40 Global ν e and ν e Disappearance + β Decay [Gariazzo, CG, Laveder, Li, JHEP 706 (07) 35 (arxiv: )] ν edis+β σ σ ν edis β Best Fit: m 4 =.7 ev sin ϑ ee = U e4 = 0.07 [ev ] m 4 cm Losc 4 7 m at E [MeV] sin ϑ ee 0.3 at sin ϑ ee
17 The Race for ν e and ν e Disappearance C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 7/40 3 CeSOX shape (95% CL) CeSOX rate (95% CL) CeSOX rate+shape (95% CL) KATRIN (90% CL) ν edis+β σ σ 3 DANSS (yr, 95% CL) Neutrino 4 (yr, 95% CL) PROSPECT phase (3yr, ) PROSPECT phase (3yr, ) SoLiD phase (yr, 95% CL) SoLiD phase (3yr, ) STEREO (yr, 95% CL) ν edis+β σ σ [ev ] m 4 [ev ] m sin ϑ ee sin ϑ ee CeSOX (Gran Sasso, Italy) 44 Ce ν e BOREXINO: L 5-m [Vivier@TAUP05] KATRIN (Karlsruhe, Germany) 3 H ν e [Drexlin@NOW06] DANSS (Kalinin, Russia) L -m [arxiv: ] Neutrino-4 (RIAR, Russia) L 6-m [JETP (05) 578] PROSPECT (ORNL, USA) L 7-m [arxiv:5.00] SoLid (SCK-CEN, Belgium) L 5-8m [arxiv: ] STEREO (ILL, France) L 8-m [arxiv: ]
18 ν µ ν e and ν µ ν e Appearance 99% CL LSND MiniBooNE KARMEN NOMAD BNL E776 ICARUS OPERA [ev ] m 4 ν µ ν e 90% CL 95% CL 99% CL 3 sin ϑ eµ C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 8/40
19 ν µ and ν µ Disappearance [ev ] m 4 99% CL CDHSW: νµ (984) ATM: νµ + νµ SciBooNE MiniBooNE: νµ (0) SciBooNE MiniBooNE: νµ (0) MINOS: νµ CC+NC (06) IceCube: νµ + νµ (06) sin ϑ µµ C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 9/40
20 [ev ] m 4 3+ Appearance-Disappearance Tension ν e DIS sin ϑ ee 4 U e4 ν e Dis ν µ Dis Dis App ν µ ν e APP ν µ DIS sin ϑ µµ 4 U µ4 sin ϑ eµ = 4 U e4 U µ4 4 sin ϑ ee sin ϑ µµ [Okada, Yasuda, IJMPA (997) 3669; Bilenky, CG, Grimus, EPJC (998) 47] 4 3 sin ϑ eµ Glo6A σ σ ν µ ν e is quadratically suppressed! Glo6A = 06 data except MINOS and [Gariazzo, CG, Laveder, Li, JHEP 706 (07) 35] IceCube χ NO /NDF NO = 53./3 6.7σ anom. Best Fit: m 4 =.6 ev U e4 = 0.07 U m4 = 0.05 χ min /NDF = 88.4/50 GoF = 4.8% χ PG /NDF PG = 3.4/ GoF PG = 0.3% Similar tension in 3+, 3+3,..., 3+N s [CG, Zavanin, MPLA 3 (05) ] C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 0/40
21 Effects of MINOS and IceCube Glo6A Glo6A + MINOS Glo6A + IceCube Glo6A + MINOS + IceCube = Glo6B m 4 [ev ] MINOS IceCube sin ϑ µµ IceCube effect in agreement with Collin, Arguelles, Conrad, Shaevitz, PRL 7 (06) 80 Best Fit: m 4 =.6 ev U e4 = 0.08 U µ4 = 0.04 χ min /NDF = 556.9/55 GoF = 6% χ PG /NDF PG = 4.4/ GoF PG = 0.075% Strong tension! C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 /40
22 Effects of NEOS C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 /40 Glo6A Glo6A + MINOS + IceCube = Glo6B Glo6A + MINOS + IceCube + NEOS = Glo7 [ev ] m 4 NEOS sin ϑ ee Best Fit: m 4 =.7 ev U e4 = 0.0 U µ4 = 0.06 χ min /NDF = 6./585 GoF = 4% χ PG /NDF PG = 7./ GoF PG = 0.09% Strong tension!
23 Excess Events / MeV Excess Events / MeV E MiniBooNE Low-Energy Anomaly MiniBooNE ν e Data Expected Background sin ϑ =, m = 0.04 ev (bf) sin ϑ = 0.007, m = 0.5 ev sin ϑ = 0.00, m = 0.9 ev sin ϑ = 0.003, m = 3 ev E [MeV] MiniBooNE ν e Data Expected Background sin ϑ =, m = 0.04 ev (bf) MiniBooNE ICARUS sin ϑ = 0.007, m = 0.5 ev sin ϑ = 0.00, m = 0.9 ev 4 3 sin ϑ eµ [MeV] [ev ] m 4 ν e&ν µdis OPERA ν edis ν µdis Fit of MB low-energy excess requires small m 4 and large sin ϑ eµ, in contradiction with disappearance data. Parameter goodness of fit of MB low-energy excess vs all other data: 6 6 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 3/40 *
24 Global Pragmatic C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 4/40 [CG, Laveder, Li, Long, PRD 88 (03) ] Dis App PrApp m 4 [ev ] 4 3 sin ϑ eµ App: all Appearance data PrApp: all Appearance data, except MiniBooNE low-energy bins
25 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 5/40 ( ) ν µ ( ) ν e Pragmatic Global 3+ Fit [Gariazzo, CG, Laveder, Li, JHEP 706 (07) 35 (arxiv: )] PrGlo7 σ σ ( ) ν e ( ) ν e PrGlo7 σ σ ( ) ν µ ( ) ν µ PrGlo7 σ σ [ev ] [ev ] [ev ] m 4 m 4 m 4 App Dis ν e Dis Dis ν µ Dis Dis 3 sin ϑ eµ sin ϑ ee χ NO /NDF NO = 47.4/4 6.σ anomaly sin ϑ µµ Best Fit: m 4 =.7 ev U e4 = 0.00 U µ4 = 0.05 χ min /NDF = 595./579 GoF = 3% χ PG /NDF PG = 7./ GoF PG =.7% Mild tolerable tension!
26 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 6/40 The Race for the Light Sterile ( ) ν e ( ) ν e PrGlo7 σ σ PrGlo7 σ σ [ev ] [ev ] m 4 m 4 DANSS (yr, 95% CL) Neutrino 4 (yr, 95% CL) PROSPECT phase (3yr, ) PROSPECT phase (3yr, ) SoLiD phase (yr, 95% CL) SoLiD phase (3yr, ) STEREO (yr, 95% CL) sin ϑ ee CeSOX shape (95% CL) CeSOX rate (95% CL) CeSOX rate+shape (95% CL) KATRIN (90% CL) sin ϑ ee
27 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 7/40 ( ) ν µ ( ) ν e ( ) ν µ ( ) ν µ SBN (3yr, ) nuprism () JSNS () SBN (3yr, ) KPipe (3yr, ) [ev ] [ev ] m 4 m 4 PrGlo7 σ σ 4 3 sin ϑ eµ PrGlo7 σ σ sin ϑ µµ
28 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 8/40 ) χ i ( Events 5000 Events Reactor Antineutrino 5 MeV Bump Entries / 50 kev 5000 Full uncertainty Reactor uncertainty ILL+Vogel Integrated (Data - MC) / MC Prompt Energy (MeV) (Data - MC) / MC Data / Predicted 0.5 MeV.4..0 Data No oscillation Reactor flux uncertainty Total systematic uncertainty Best fit: sin θ 3 = Prompt Energy Visible Energy (MeV) Ratio to Prediction (Huber + Mueller) contribution χ Prompt Energy (MeV) Local p-value ( MeV windows) [RENO, arxiv: ] [Double Chooz, arxiv: ] [Daya Bay, arxiv: ] Cannot be explained by neutrino oscillations (SBL oscillations are averaged in Double Chooz, Daya Bay, RENO). Very likely due to theoretical miscalculation of the spectrum. 3% effect on total flux, but if it is an excess it increases the anomaly! No post-bump complete calculation of the neutrino fluxes. Saclay-Huber flux calculation uncertainty is about.5%. Increasing the flux uncertainty is a game that one can play, but there are only guesses, e.g. about 5%. [Hayes and Vogel, 06] Better to exclude the reactor rates from the global fit. [suggestion of Pedro Machado at WIN 07]
29 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 9/40 Global Fit Without Reactor Rates PrGlo7 σ σ PrGlo7 RA σ σ m 4 m 4 [ev ] [ev ] 4 3 sin ϑ eµ Dis App 4 3 sin ϑ eµ Dis App The Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly has small impact on the global fit.
30 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 30/40 Global Fit Without Reactor Rates and Gallium Data PrGlo7 σ σ PrGlo7 RA GA σ σ m 4 m 4 [ev ] [ev ] 4 3 sin ϑ eµ Dis App 4 3 sin ϑ eµ Dis App Given the current constraints, only the LSND signal is crucial for a positive indication in favor of active-sterile SBL oscillations.
31 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 3/40 ( ) ν µ ( ) ν e Global Analysis without LSND Glo7 LSND σ σ ( ) ν e ( ) ν e Glo7 LSND σ σ ( ) ν µ ( ) ν µ Glo7 LSND σ σ [ev ] [ev ] [ev ] m 4 m 4 m 4 App Dis ν e Dis Dis ν µ Dis Dis 4 3 sin ϑ eµ sin ϑ ee All MiniBooNE data, including the low-energy bins 4 3 sin ϑ µµ χ NO /NDF NO = 7./4 3.σ anomaly Best Fit: m 4 =.8 ev U e4 = 0.07 U µ4 = χ min /NDF = 604./58 GoF = 5% χ PG /NDF PG = 9.3/ GoF PG = 0.96% Tension!
32 Daya Bay Reactor Fuel Evolution [Daya Bay, PRL 8 (07) 580 (arxiv:704.08)] Fission fraction (%) Reactor ν e flux produced by the β decays of the fission products of 35 U, 38 U, 39 Pu, 4 Pu. Effective fission fractions: F 35, F 38, F 39, F U 39 Pu 38 U 4 Pu Others Burn-up (MWD/TU) Cross section per fission: σ f = F k σ f,k k=35,38,39,4 σ f,k = de ν φ k (E ν ) σ(e ν ) σ f / σ f SH OSC C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 3/40 F 39
33 σ39 [ 43 cm / fission] Daya Bay Huber model w/ 68% C.L. σ38 = (. ±. 0) 43 σ4 = (6. 04 ± 0. 60) 43 C.L 68% 95% 99.7% σ35 [ 43 cm / fission] 9 χ Best fit: mainly suppression of σ f,35 Equal fluxes suppression: χ /NDF = 7.9/ disfavored at.8σ Equal fluxes suppression corresponds to SBL oscillations, but theoretical flux uncertainties must be taken into account χ σ f,39 / σf,39 SH σ f,35 / σ f,35 SH σ σ χ With theoretical flux uncertainties: Daya Bay χ min NDF GoF 35 U % OSC % MC: OSC disfavored at.6σ [CG, X.P. Ji, M. Laveder, Y.F. Li, B.R. Littlejohn, arxiv: ] C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 33/40
34 Fuel Fractions of All Reactor Experiments C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 34/40 All Reactors χ min NDF GoF 35 U % OSC % σ f / σ f th OSC MC: 35 U disfavored at.7σ L [m] 3 Bugey 4 Bugey 3 5 Rovno9 Rovno88 I Rovno88 I Rovno88 S Rovno88 S SRP 8 SRP 4 Rovno88 S Krasnoyarsk87 33 Krasnoyarsk99 34 Gosgen 38 Bugey 3 40 Gosgen 46 Krasnoyarsk94 57 Gosgen 65 Krasnoyarsk87 9 Bugey 3 95 RENO Double Chooz Daya Bay Palo Verde Chooz Nucifer ILL
35 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 35/40 χ min NDF GoF m 4 sin ϑ ee r 35 r U % U + 39 U % OSC % U+OSC % U+OSC % OSC Daya Bay Rates 35+OSC Daya Bay Rates 39+OSC Daya Bay Rates [ev ] [ev ] m 4 m 4 m 4 [ev ] Combined Combined Combined σ σ 3 σ σ 3 σ σ 3 sin ϑ ee sin ϑ ee sin ϑ ee
36 Preliminary Bound from MINOS & MINOS+ PPC07] 0.6 sin ($ 3 ) = 0.4 Sterile Neutrinos (3+), 0.4Fitting Technique ) -3 Far / Near (! MINOS+ Preliminary -5 #m = 7.54 x ev -3 #m3 =.37 x ev sin ($ 3 ) = ! POT MINOS ! POT MINOS+ " µ mode MINOS & MINOS+ data 3-flavour prediction 3+-flavour prediction Systematic uncertainty Reconstructed Energy (GeV) CC selection ) -3 Far / Near (! MINOS+ Preliminary -5 #m = 7.54 x ev -3 #m3 =.37 x ev sin ($ 3 ) = 0.0 sin ($ 3 ) = ! POT MINOS ! POT MINOS+ " µ mode MINOS & MINOS+ data 3-flavour prediction 3+-flavour prediction Systematic uncertainty #m3 =.37 x ev Unlike the m3 sin ($ /sin 3 ) = 0.0 Systematic uncertainty θ 3 meas sin ($ ) = 0.4 be used to predict the far detec Data previously fit as Far/Ne 0. Simultaneous 0 two detector fi CC selection " mode NC selection µ Will Flanagan (University of Texas at Austin) Latest Results from Reconstructed Energy (GeV) ) -3 Far / Near (! 0.6 MINOS+ Preliminary -5 #m = 7.54 x ev -3.56! POT MINOS ! POT MINOS+ MINOS & MINOS+ data 3-flavour prediction 3+-flavour prediction Reconstructed Energy (GeV) C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 36/40
37 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 37/40 PrGlo7 σ σ m 4 [ev ] MINOS 90% CL MINOS 99% CL MINOS 99.73% CL () MINOS & MINOS+ 90% CL sin ϑ µµ
38 Preliminary Bound from DANSS Moriond EW 07, WIN07, EPS-HEP 07] Positron spectrum (very preliminary) Up =.7 m Down =.7 m Rough agreement with MC (Theoretical neutrino spectrum was taken from Huber and Muelle No 5 MeV bump! C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 38/40
39 ion with current statistics C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 39/40 -- PrGlo7 σ σ ) in: [ev ] m 4 e y DANSS Preliminary 95%CL Compilation of allowed regions from arxiv:5.00 [physics.ins-det] DANSS 95% CL s sin ϑ ee P) 3
40 C. Giunti Status of the Sterile Neutrino(s) LNGS 7 September 07 40/40 Conclusions Exciting indications of sterile neutrinos (new physics!) at the ev scale: LSND ν µ ν e signal (caveat: single experimental signal). Gallium ν e disappearance (caveat: overestimated detector efficiency?). Reactor νe disappearance (caveat: flux calculation dependence). Vigorous experimental program to check conclusively in a few years: ν e and ν e disappearance with reactors and radioactive sources. ν µ ν e transitions with accelerator neutrinos. ν µ disappearance with accelerator neutrinos. Independent tests through effect of m 4 in β-decay and ββ 0ν -decay. Cosmology: strong tension with N eff = and m 4 ev. It may be solved by a non-standard cosmological mechanism. Possibilities for the next years: Reactor and source experiments νe and ν e observe SBL oscillations: big excitement and explosion of the field. Otherwise: still marginal interest to check the LSND appearance signal. In any case the possibility of the existence of sterile neutrinos related to New Physics beyond the Standard Model will continue to be studied (e.g kev sterile neutrinos).
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