Where Standard Physics Runs into Infinite Challenges, Atomism Predicts Exact Limits

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1 Where Standard Phyi Run into Infinite Challenge, Atomim Predit Exat Limit Epen Gaarder Haug Norwegian Univerity of Life Siene Deember, 07 Abtrat Where tandard phyi run into infinite hallenge, atomim predit exat limit. We ummarize the mathematial reult briefly in a table in thi note and alo reviit the energy-momentum relationhip baed on thi view. Key word: Ret-ma energy, ret-ma, relativiti energy, relativiti ma, proper veloity, momentum, kineti energy, aeleration, rapidity, temperature. epenhaug@ma.om. Thank to Vitoria Tere for aiting with manuript editing.

2 Mathematial Summary of Upper Limit Predited by Atomim Thee are ome of the main finding in a erie of paper I have poted on thi topi (ee [,, 3,, 8, 7, 9, 0, ]). Thi i firt draft, and I will update thi paper later on. Comment are welome. For non-plank For a Plank ma partile ma partile Ret-ma m m p (lat one Plank eond) Ret-ma energy E = m E = m p Maximum relativiti energy E = m p E = m p Maximum relativiti ma m p then beome light m p (lat one Plank eond) Maximum veloity v max = v max = 0 (and when diolved) Maximum proper veloity Veloity addition a W max = V max = r l p l p l p l p W max =0 < V max =0 Veloity addition light/partile b V max = V max = Maximum mutual veloity 0 Maximum Lorentz fator max = r = v max = r = max v max Maximum peed ratio max = = Maximum momentum p max =h Maximum kineti energy E k,max =h Maximum aeleration a max = Maximum fore F max = Maximum power P max =h Maximum rapidity w max = Maximum Doppler hift h l p l p max = =0 p max =0 E k,max = 0 (at ret) h + f = f Maximum length ontration Maximum time dilation Maximum temperature = r v max T max = h l p l p ln l p l p 0 and a p = F max = h l p h l p beome light (One Plank eond) (One Plank eond) w max = 0 (at ret) None (at ret) v max = (at ret, no ontration) Redued Compton wavelength Plank partile (Plank time) 0 (at ret, no time dilation) = k b T p = mp k b = h k b (for one Plank eond) Fuel needed for maximum veloity m p 0 (Plank ma partile at ret) for eah fundamentaartile. Table : The table how a erie of new boundary ondition that are given by atomim. a Thi formula i for two fundamentaartile of the ame type two eletron, for example. b Thi i veloity addition of the peed of light veru a fundamentaartile a meaured with Eintein-Poinaré ynhronized lok. Thi formula i for two fundamentaartile of the ame type two eletron, for example.

3 Table ompare predition from modern phyi with atomim. While atomim give exat limit, modern phyi ha a erie of infinity limit. Infinity limit lead to everal aburditie, ee [8]. Atomim Modern Phyi limit for partile for partile Ret-ma m p < (or Plank ma?) Maximum ret-ma energy E = m p < (or Plank energy?) Maximum relativiti energy E = m p < Maximum relativiti ma m p then beome light < Maximum veloity v max = < Maximum proper veloity Veloity addition a W max = V max = r l p v max l p l p < Veloity addition light/partile b Maximum mutual veloity < Maximum Lorentz fator max = r = < Maximum peed ratio max = = Maximum momentum p max =h Maximum kineti energy E k,max =h Maximum aeleration a max = h l p Maximum fore F max = Maximum power P max =h Maximum rapidity w max = Maximum Doppler hift < l p < < < h + f = f Maximum length ontration Maximum time dilation r v max l p l p v max ln l p < (Poibly?) l p < < < < (Plank freueny?) = l p 0 Point partile hypothei (or?) = > 0 (poibly?) = < Maximum temperature T max = h k b < Fuel needed for maximum veloity m p < for eah fundamentaartile. Life expetany Plank partile? Table : The table ompare modern Phyi with atomim. a Thi formula i for two fundamentaartile of the ame type two eletron, for example. b Thi i veloity addition of the peed of light veru a fundamentaartile a meaured with Eintein-Poinaré ynhronized lok. Thi formula i for two fundamentaartile of the ame type two eletron, for example. 3

4 Atomim get rid of a long erie of infinity limit and ome zero limit and it alo o er a imple explanation of why we mut have thee limit. Modern phyi, on the other hand, imply ha infinity a the limit beaue the formula blow up. In addition, under modern phyi one peulate that the Plank length, Plank freueny, and Plank ma an have ome limit, but there i no imple explanation of why that i the ae. In atomim there i only one truly fundamentaartile that ha diameter eual to the Plank-length. Pure ma (the Plank ma partile) i imply olliion between indiviible partile and pure energy i freely moving indiviible partile. The indiviible partile themelve annot undergo length ontration or time dilation. Only the ditane between the indiviible partile an undergo length ontration, getting horter (or longer). Remarkably, thi lead to a maximum veloity (for anything with ret-ma) that i diretly linked to the diameter of the indiviible partile and the redued Compton wavelength. Under atomim, the redued Compton wavelength i diretly linked to the ditane between indiviible partile. Thi i not explained in muh more detail in [] and[]. In tandard phyi there i no limit below infinity for kineti energy, for momentum, for relativiti ma, for relativiti energy, for temperature, or for proper veloity. Further, there i no good explanation for what the Plank aeleration truly repreent. Many phyiit aume that Plank time i the hortet poible unit of time, but in fat, no ret-ma in tandard theory an be aelerated for even one Plank eond, a thi would mean that the ma wa traveling at the peed of light and had infinite kineti energy. Under mathematial atomim (baed on jut two potulate), we get all the euation of peial relativity when uing Eintein-Poinaré ynhronized lok, and we alo get a erie of new predition. We obtain the exat upper boundary ondition on a erie of relativiti formula that are linked to the entitie found by Max Plank in 906 []. Atomim lead to a uantized relativity theory that he u to undertand the Plank ma in a new way. The Plank ma i the very key to undertanding phyi, and in our view it an only be graped fully through atomim. Still, atomim lead to break in Lorentz ymmetry at the Plank ale; thi i onitent with what i predited by everal uantum gravity theorie. Energy-Momentum Relationhip Here we how that the energy-momentum relationhip ha a limit eual to the ret- ma energy of the Plank ma for any fundamentaartile E max = p max + m E max = p p max + m v u E max = t h l p! + h E max = h l + h p E max = h + E max = h = m p () In the peial ae of a Plank ma partile (ee alo [6]), we have that = and thi give E max = v u t h l p E max = h E max = h l p l p l p! h + + h + l p E max = h = m p () Sine I wrote my book before I knew that the diameter of the indiviible partile likely had to be the Plank length, the notation and the way I write in my book an be hallenging if read too uikly. However, given enough time for refletion, everything tated i uite traight forward, logial, and imple.

5 That i the ame end reult a for any other partile. Note, however, that the momentum for a Plank ma partile i zero. Thi i beaue a Plank ma partile an only exit when it i at abolute ret. The Plank ma partile i the ame a oberved aro referene frame; the ame i true for the Plank length and Plank time. Other partile have le ret-ma, but the maximum momentum enure that they have total maximal energy eual to the Plank ma partile. 3 Maximum Aeleration Fore I have not alulated the maximum aeleration fore before in any of my paper. The maximum relativiti aeleration fore i given by (ee alo Appendix A) F max = m v max a max F max = m p F max = h h h F max = l p l p l p l p (3) For a Plank partile it i Again, the Plank ma partile i very uniue. F max = m pa p = h = h () Maximum Power We an alo alulate the maximum power for omething with ret-ma P max = P max = P max = h h E k,max P max = h l p (5) Thi i lightly below the Plank power h. l p Referene I will add more referene later and for thoe intereted there are naturally many further referene within ome of the paper I am already iting. Thi paper i motly a ummary of my own work, that build on thouand of year of dioverie, going bak to Demoritu and Leupiu (at leat), who are among the firt known oure that introdued the onept of indiviible partile. [] E. G. Haug. Unified Revolution: New Fundamental Phyi. Olo, E.G.H. Publihing, 0. [] E. G. Haug. The Plank ma partile finally diovered! The true God partile! Good bye to the point partile hypothei! [3] E. G. Haug. Deriving the maximum veloity of matter from the Plank length limit on length ontration [] E. G. Haug. A new olution to Eintein relativiti ma hallenge baed on maximum freueny [5] E. G. Haug. Modern phyi inomplete aburd relativiti ma interpretation. And the imple olution that ave Eintein formula

6 [6] E. G. Haug. The Plank ma mut alway have zero momentum: Relativiti energy-momentum relationhip for the Plank ma [7] E. G. Haug. The Lorentz tranformation at the maximum veloity for a ma [8] E. G. Haug. Modern Phyi Inomplete Aburd Relativiti Ma Interpretation. And the Simple Solution that Save Eintein Formula [9] E. G. Haug. The ultimate limit of the relativiti roket euation: The Plank photon roket. Ata Atronautia, 36,07. [0] E. G. Haug. The inompatibility of the Plank aeleration and modern phyi? [] E. G. Haug. A maximum limit on proper veloity [] M. Plank. The Theory of Radiation. Dover 959 tranlation, Appendix A One ould mitakenly forget to take the relativiti ma; thi give F max = ma max F max = m F max = h h h F max = l p l p l p (6) We learly think thi i not the orret approah. 6

Einstein's Energy Formula Must Be Revised

Einstein's Energy Formula Must Be Revised Eintein' Energy Formula Mut Be Reied Le Van Cuong uong_le_an@yahoo.om Information from a iene journal how that the dilation of time in Eintein peial relatie theory wa proen by the experiment of ientit