High Energy Astrophysics: A View on Chemical Enrichment, Outflows & Particle Acceleration. (Feedback at work)
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1 High Energy Astrophysics: A View on Chemical Enrichment, Outflows & Particle Acceleration (Feedback at work) Jacco Vink Utrecht University
2 High Energy Astrophysics HEA aims at understanding the extreme Universe: The hottest temperatures Extreme conditions (Neutron stars, Black holes, GRBs) Most massive structures (clusters, WHIM) The highest particle energies (Cosmic Rays: up to ev) 2
3 High Energy Astrophysics HEA aims at understanding the extreme Universe: The hottest temperatures Extreme conditions (Neutron stars, Black holes, GRBs) Most massive structures (clusters, WHIM) The highest particle energies (Cosmic Rays: up to ev) Last decade has been very successful: X-rays: Chandra (0.5 res.), XMM (throughput), XTE (timing) γ-rays: Integral (low E γ), HESS, MAGIC, Fermi,.. (high E γ imaging) Cosmic ray telescopes : Auger ( EV: directions) 2
4 High Energy Astrophysics HEA aims at understanding the extreme Universe: The hottest temperatures Extreme conditions (Neutron stars, Black holes, GRBs) Most massive structures (clusters, WHIM) The highest particle energies (Cosmic Rays: up to ev) Last decade has been very successful: X-rays: Chandra (0.5 res.), XMM (throughput), XTE (timing) γ-rays: Integral (low E γ), HESS, MAGIC, Fermi,.. (high E γ imaging) Cosmic ray telescopes : Auger ( EV: directions) 2
5 Thermal plasmas & Chemical Enrichtment X-ray spectroscopy: probe all alpha- & Fe-group Constrain explosion properties of supernovae: elements Type Ia SNRs: constraints on progenitors Core collapse: asymmetries, explosion not understood Clusters: contain integrated SN yields, cooling vs AGN feedback WHIM: enriched (?), K intergalactic medium (40% of baryons) AGN: outflows enrich and energize gal/intergal. medium (feedback) Chandra Astro-H IXO blac k 3
6 Thermal plasmas & Chemical Enrichtment X-ray spectroscopy: probe all alpha- & Fe-group Constrain explosion properties of supernovae: elements Type Ia SNRs: constraints on progenitors Core collapse: asymmetries, explosion not understood Clusters: contain integrated SN yields, cooling vs AGN feedback WHIM: enriched (?), K intergalactic medium (40% of baryons) AGN: outflows enrich and energize gal/intergal. medium (feedback) Now: Chandra, XMM, Suzaku: up to 2015 imaging, Future: ASTRO-H (300m2,2014), IXO (3m2,>2020) med. res. spectr. hi.res. spectroscopy (E/ΔE~1200)/imaging Chandra Astro-H IXO blac k 3
7 The non-thermal Universe The non-thermal universe: the universe out of equilibrium Cosmic-rays/particle acceleration: ev: SN remnants? many smoking guns, no 100% proof ev: many uncertainties, candidates: AGN, clusters, GRBs? Importance: 10% of SN energy to CRs, u Gal=1 ev/cm 3 : -comparable to other forms of energy (radiation/b-field/thermal)! 4
8 The non-thermal Universe The non-thermal universe: the universe out of equilibrium Cosmic-rays/particle acceleration: ev: SN remnants? many smoking guns, no 100% proof ev: many uncertainties, candidates: AGN, clusters, GRBs? Importance: 10% of SN energy to CRs, u Gal=1 ev/cm 3 : -comparable to other forms of energy (radiation/b-field/thermal)! Many links to low energy astrophysics: -Thermal astronomy: energy budget (e.g. Helder+, Science ʼ09) -Source of energy: ionization, magnetic field amplification -Tracer: - diffuse radio synchrotron: CR electrons B-field -TeV astronomy: light up molecular clouds (HESS) Broad: synchr. ( Hz), IC ( Hz), pions ( Hz),CRs 4
9 The non-thermal Universe The non-thermal universe: the universe out of equilibrium Cosmic-rays/particle acceleration: ev: SN remnants? many smoking guns, no 100% proof ev: many uncertainties, candidates: AGN, clusters, GRBs? Importance: 10% of SN energy to CRs, u Gal=1 ev/cm 3 : -comparable to other forms of energy (radiation/b-field/thermal)! Many links to low energy astrophysics: -Thermal astronomy: energy budget (e.g. Helder+, Science ʼ09) -Source of energy: ionization, magnetic field amplification -Tracer: - diffuse radio synchrotron: CR electrons B-field -TeV astronomy: light up molecular clouds (HESS) Broad: synchr. ( Hz), IC ( Hz), pions ( Hz),CRs Now: HESS, MAGIC, VERITAS (TeV), Fermi (GeV), Auger (CRs) Future: Cherenkov Telescope Array (EU), AEGIS (US), Auger North KM3Net 4
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