F. Retière (TRIUMF) For the T2K collaboration
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1 F. Retière (TRIUMF) For the T2K collaboration
2 T2K and ν e appearance First experiment since SNO attempting to measure neutrino appearance Sensitive to θ 13 m P(ν µ ν e ) sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 θ 23 sin E 2 L Produce a beam of ν µ from pion decay Energy GeV Measure ν e flux at 295 km from the source 2
3 T2K sensitivity to δ CP when combined T2K by % precision for ν e appearance to reactor data Reactor data 5% precision Combine setting δ CP =π/2 (arbitrary) 3
4 T2K ν e appearance data may help resolve mass hierarchy δ CP =π/2. T2K needed Inverted hierarchy minimum χ 2 δ CP =3π/2. NOVA good enough on its own 4
5 T2K also measures ν µ disappearance Atmospheric oscillation First seen by Super-K then MINOS Probe m 32 and θ 23 m P(ν µ ν x µ ) sin 2 2θ 23 sin E Test maximal mixing 2 L 5
6 T2K collaboration Canada TRIUMF U of Alberta U of B Columbia U of Regina U of Toronto U of Victoria U Winnipeg York U Switzerland Bern ETH Zurich U of Geneva Poland NCBJ IFJ PAN T U Warsaw U of Silesia Warsaw U Wroclaw U Russia INR Korea Chonnam Nat l U Dongshin U Seoul Nat l U Italy INFN Bari INFN Roma Napoli U Padova U France CEA Saclay IPN Lyon LLR E Poly LPNHE-Paris Spain IFIC, Valencia IFAE, Barcelona Japan ICRR Kamioka ICRR RCCN KEK Kobe U Kyoto U Miyagi U of Ed Osaka City U U of Tokyo Italy INFN Bari INFN Roma Napoli U Padova U USA Boston U Colorado State U Duke U Louisiana State U Stony Brook U U of California, Irvine U of Colorado U of Pittsburgh U of Rochester U of Washington UK U of Oxford Imperial C London Lancaster U Queen Mary U of L Sheffield U STFC/RAL STFC/Daresbury U of Liverpool U of Warwick Germany RWTH Aachen U K Mahn, Columbia HEP seminar 6
7 The Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment Far detector: Super-Kamiokande located near Kamioka Beam source and near detectors: J-PARC accelerator complex located in Tokai-mura
8 Start with a 30 GeV proton beam 8
9 Hitting a target producing pions and subsequently νµ 30 GeV protons on carbon target Off-axis beam Peak at oscillation maximum GeV Dominated by Charge Current Quasi Elastic Reduce high energy background 9
10 Neutrino Interactions dominated In region of interest for T2K: by CCQE Large contribution from charge current quasi-elastic (CCQE) ν e,ν μ n W + T2K signal at SK e -,μ - p ν μ Significant CCπ component with additional pion in final state NCπ 0 is significant background mode: ν e,μ,τ n Z π 0 ν e,μ,τ γ γ Photons from π0 can fake an electron n T2K beam peak energy 10
11 J-PARC neutrino beam line TRIUMF Seminar, April 4, 2012 M. Hartz (UofT/YorkU) 11
12 The near detector On-axis: INGRID Measure beam flux and direction Off-axis: ND280 Measure beam flux off-axis Characterize neutrino interactions (especially NCPi0) Tracking capabilities Particle identification Calorimetry 12
13 On-axis Interactive Neutrino GRID 13
14 INGRID module 4/11/12 K Mahn, Columbia HEP seminar 14
15 INGRID performances 15
16 UA1 magnet SMRD ND280 DS-ECAL TPC FGD TPC FGD TPC POD ECAL UA1 magnet operated at 0.2T 16
17 The Fine Grained Detector U. British Columbia, Kyoto U., U. Regina, TRIUMF, U. of Victoria Purpose Target for neutrino interaction Track particles produced by neutrinos 17
18 Time Projection Chamber UBC, IPP, TRIUMF, U. Victoria (Canada), CEA-Saclay, in2p3-paris (France), RWTH Aachen (Gernamy), INFN Bari, INFN Padova, U. Padova (Italy), IFAE Barcelona, U. Valencia (Spain), U. Geneva (Switzerland) Field cage Inner box: 2.3x2.4x1m 3 1 m drift from central cathode Cathode patterned for calibration with laser Gas: Ar:CF 4 :ic 4 H 10 (95:3:2) 18
19 A few off-axis events Cosmic ray muon FGD interaction with backward track Sand Muon & FGD interaction
20 Particle identification in FGD and TPC Positive tracks µ + decay time in FGDs Negative tracks 20
21 Super-Kamiokande 295 km from J-PARC 50 kton water Cerenkov 11,129 PMTs (inner tank) 40% photo-cathode coverage 1,885 PMTs outer veto Cerenkov ring from light particles Reconstruct momentum Reconstruct direction 21
22 Particle Identification at SK Electrons Electrons scattering Fuzzy ring edges Muons Muon follows a straighter trajectory Ring with sharper edges Neutral Pions γs from π 0 decays shower and look like electrons Differentiate by finding second ring MC MC MC 22
23 ν e Signal & Background at SK Oscillation Signal: ν μ ν e e - Beam ν e Background: ν e e - p (undetected) Identical for given neutrino energy. Beam background has harder spectrum MC p (undetected) MC Neutral Current π 0 : ν l π 0 γ γ Can be removed by identifying second photon ring N+others (undetected) 23
24 Lets look at neutrino data Run 1 and 2 in 2010/2011 Accelerator performing well Beam resumed in January 2012 Data not included in what follows Run 1 Run 2 24
25 Oscillation analysis strategy Predict neutrino flux Calculate un-oscillated spectrum at near detector Include cross-section uncertainty Extrapolate spectrum to Super-K Un-oscillated ν µ flux Background ν e flux Extract oscillation parameters by comparing extrapolation to Super-K data 25
26 Neutrino Flux Prediction Inputs: Proton beam monitor Hadron production in target Modeled with FLUKA Reweighted using NA61 data (mock up of T2K target at CERN) Out of target propagation GEANT 3 Phys. Rev. C (2011) 26
27 ND280 CC ν μ sample No tuning to flux or cross section applied CC ν µ candidates in FGD1 or FGD2 Negatively charged long track in TPC assumed to be lepton Identification by de/dx Require 1 additional track Agreement data / Monte Carlo rather good Scale factor: R(data/MC) = ± (stat) (detector sys) ± (xsec model) 27
28 Flux at SK Uncertainty dominated by Kaon decay (not yet measured by NA61) 8.5% uncertainty for extrapolation from Near Detector ν μ at SK all kaon parents pion parents muon parents ν e at SK all kaon parents pion parents muon parents Region of oscillation maximum 05/10/
29 ν µ disappearance results Results accepted by PRD Rapid Comm. MINOS: Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, (2008) Super-K: Phys.Rev.D71: (2005) Summary of uncertainties Reconstructed energy E ν (GeV) ν flux ±4.8% ν μ signal Δm 2 23 =2.4 x 10-3 ev 2 sin 2 2θ 23 =1.0 ν interactions % Near detector % Far detector ±10.3% Total % 31 events pass ν µ selection criterion expected for no osc, excluded at 4.5σ Fit E ν distribution for 2 flavor osc. parameters (binned χ 2 fit) Best fit: θm 2 32 =2.65 x 10-3 ev 2 sin 2 2θ 23 =
30 ν e appearance results Observe 6 events Expected 1.5 nonoscillated background Background # events beam ν e 0.76 ν µ CC background 0.03 NC background 0.61 osc through θ total: 1.49±0.34(sys) Phys. Rev. Lett. 107,041801(2011) 30
31 Systematic errors Uncertainties ν e bkrd ν e sig+bkrd ν flux ±8.5% ±8.5% ν interactions ±14.0% ±10.5% Near detector % % Far detector ±14.7% ±9.4% Total % % Uncertainties Flux dominated by Kaons NA61 data pending Interaction dominated by Final State Interaction Use models including pion physics Measure at ND280 Super-K combination of effects Improve reconstruction Improve detector characterization 31
32 Interpretation for sin 2 (2θ 13 ) For sin 2 (2θ 13 )=0 [sin 2 (2θ 23 ) = 1.0, Δm 2 23=2.4x10-3 ev 2 ], probability to observe 6 events = (assuming sin 2 (2θ 23 ) = 1.0, Δm 2 23=2.4x10-3 ev 2 ) Normal hierarchy Inverted hierarchy Published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, (2011) 32
33 Summary T2K = neutrino beam + near detector + far detector All operational T2K ν µ disappearance data Consistent with previous atmospheric and MINOS data T2K ν e appearance First appearance measurement since SNO Consistent with latest reactor neutrino data Provide additional constraints to δ CP and hierachy when combined to reactor and upcoming NOVA data 33
34 Complete recovery from Earthquake First neutrinos post earthquake 2012/02/27 34
35 Outlook Next few years Highest precision ν µ disappearance result Improve ν e appearance result Combine with other experiments Measured cross-sections at near detector Reduce systematic errors for oscillation analysis May run in anti-ν mode to prepare for Hyper-K Long term Ramp up beam power to 750 kw Hyper-K Precision determination of dcp and constraints on mass hierarchy + other physics 35
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