Constraints on inflationary models of the Universe based on CMB data
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1 Astrophysics Group Cavendish Laboratory Constraints on inflationary models of the Universe based on CMB data Andrés Curto Martín Enrique Martínez González 8 th RES User Conference, Santander, 23/Sept/2014
2 Overview Cosmology using CMB data Historical overview. Physics of inflation. Principal codes and algorithms Non-Gaussian simulator. Minkowski functionals. Wavelets. Implementation and use of RES Main codes. Major results throughout the use of RES Characterisation of systematic errors. Constraints on primordial non-gaussianity.
3 Cosmic Microwave Background 1920 s and 1930 s: Big Bang theory - Lemaître, Hubble, etc Theoretical proposal of black body radiation at T<20 K The CMB is detected s and 1980 s: First satellites dedicated to study the CMB: COBE (US) and RELIKT-1 (URSS) COBE discovers the anisotropies of the CMB Multiple ground based, balloonborne experiments and the WMAP satellite (NASA) study the anisotropies in detail The Planck satellite (ESA) produces the most precise maps of the CMB anisotropies and their polarisation. WMAP PLANCK COBE
4 Planck
5
6 Planck satellite A project designed in the early 1990 s. Two instruments to measure the anisotropies in the frequency range between 30 to 857 GHz. Maximum angular resolution of 5 arcmin. NILC SEVEM SMICA France IFCA France
7 Physics of Inflation The inflationary scenario solves fundamental problems of the Big Bang such as the initial conditions. CMB in general agreement with inflation but there are many models. The statistical properties of the CMB anisotropies are powerful observables to find the best models. Many models predict non-gaussian imprints in the CMB anisotropies. We try to measure the third order moment of the anisotropies: the bispectrum. The bispectrum is characterised by its amplitude: the non-linear coupling parameter f nl. Planck 2013 CMB bispectrum
8 Principal codes Non-Gaussian simulator Simulate non-gaussian features in the CMB anisotropies that mimic possible imprints from inflation. Minkowski functionals Topological tool widely used by the CMB community. Wavelets Filter the CMB maps preserving properties of both the real and harmonic space.
9 Non-Gaussian simulations
10 Minkowski functionals Area: A(n) The area of the hot spots above a given threshold (n) Contour Length : C(n) The perimeter of the hot spots above a given threshold (n) Genus : G(n) Number of hot spots (> n) minus number of cold spots (< n)
11 f nl estimates using wavelets The spherical Mexican hat wavelet
12 Properties of the software Generation of CMB simulations One single non-gaussian map at Planck resolution requires approx. 10 hours using 32 CPUs (data measured with Altamira). We need approx simulations to perform Monte Carlo statistics. Minkowski Functionals The estimation of the MF takes 3 hours for T and 12 hours for the polarization mode (Planck resolution). f nl estimation with wavelets The total process takes approx hours (Planck resolution, only T). Parallelised code.
13 System Organization Location 1. Altamira IFCA & RES (0.6 Mhours in RES + internal UC time) Santander (Spain) 2. Magerit U. Politécnica Madrid & RES (0.7 Mhours in RES) Madrid (Spain) 3. Sisu & Louhi IT Center For Science (PRACE DECI-7 project of 2.5 Mhours led by a Finish group; 0.5 Mhours for us) Helsinki (Finland) 4. Ironthrone Planck LFI Trieste (Italy) 5. Hopper & Carver NERSC (0.5 Mhours within a USA Planck project) California (USA) 6. Cosmos & Universe U. Of Cambridge (~0.1 Mhours within Planck) Cambridge (UK) 7. Magique Planck HFI Paris (France)
14 Satellite raw data gathered by the ESA network Planck LFI Data -30 to 70 GHz- Italy Planck HFI Data -100 to 857 GHz- France Planck instrumental simulations: LFI (Finland, Italy) HFI (France and USA) Data, simulations and other products stored and available for the entire Planck community in several locations: UK USA Italy Inflation-related simulations: f nl, non-gaussianity, etc. Altamira Calibration of methods with previous simulations and data analysis Altamira and Magerit Final results: graphs, tables and products for articles Altamira and Grid-CSIC
15 250 Altamira I Time consumption (Khours) Excluding exclusive internal time of the University of Cantabria Magerit New Altamira system in Santander Used time Allocated time
16 2000 Disc space (GB) Planck pol Altamira I Magerit Projects Disc Allocated disc
17 2500 Cost in Cost
18 Principal Scientific Results Planck 2013 results. III. LFI systematic uncertainties, (arxiv: ). Statistical characterisation of the systematic errors presents in the data maps by performing different tests of non- Gaussianity. Planck 2013 results. XXIII. Isotropy and Statistics of the CMB, (arxiv: ). Study of the Isotropy and statistics properties of the CMB maps using wavelets and Minkowski functionals. Planck 2013 results. Constraints on primordial non- Gaussianity, (arxiv: ). The measurement of the amplitude of the primordial bispectrum present in the Planck data using wavelets.
19 Future steps Planck polarised maps coming soon. Maps and companion papers to be published in November/December Planck legacy products by mid Important questions open Is Bicep2 a primordial detection of B mode directly related to the gravitational waves of the Big Bang?
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