PERFORMANCE OF FLUIDIZED BED COOLING TOWER BY USING GLASS BALLS AND CERAMIC TILE PACKING

Transcription

1 Inrnaional Journal of Innovaiv Rsarch in Tchnology, Scinc & Enginring (IJIRTSE wwwioirpcom ISSN: -6, Volum, Issu Jun 8 PERFORMANCE OF FLUIDIZED BED COOLING TOWER BY USING GLASS BALLS AND CERAMIC TILE PACKING GSnhilVl * SSudhakar M Vlmurugan ( *,, Assisan Profssors Dparmn of mchanical Krishnasamy Collg Of Enginring And Tchnology Cuddalor 67 ABSTRACT: A h prsn scnario a lo dmand of lcriciy for h purpos of human uilizaion Through h powr plan play h major rol for h abov mniond nd mulipl procss Powr plan has h various ascps and limiaions wih hir mris and dmris Th rm ha xchang in fild of hrmal nginring as wll as in powr plan plays h major rol in hir fficincy of hrmal conduciviy Rmoval of ha from h uilisd flu gas conribus h diffrn challngs for h powr plan Ths drawbacks and limiaions ar akn in h accoun h spark of innovaion and h ida ovr h cooling owr In his papr w analysis and prformancs ovr h cooling owr wih h br dsign and modificaion Th chnical daa is akn for Mini draf cooling owr Hr h cooling is don by h applicaion of Glass Balls and cramic il packing as a bd marial and finally a hr saic bd wr consrucd W ar using an forcd draf and h ho war mpraur from C o C is usd for our analysis Insad of many marial w uiliz h glass and i is slc for fluidisd bd cooling owr for h good mchanical propris in cooling owr for his packing marial Kywords: Fluidisd bd cooling owr, Thrmal conduciviy, Glass ball, cramic ils I INTRODUCTION: Cooling owrs ar ha rmoval dvics usd o ransfr procss was ha o h amosphr Cooling owrs mak us of vaporaion whrby som of h war is vaporad ino a moving air sram and subsqunly dischargd ino h amosphr As a rsul, h rmaindr of h war is coold down significanlyconsidr h surfac of a warm war dropl or film in conac wih an air sramby radiaion- This ffc is likly o b vry small a normal condiions and may b nglcd By conducion and convcion This will dpnd on h mpraur diffrnc, h surfac ara, air vlociy, c By vaporaion This is by far h mos imporan ffc Cooling aks plac as molculs of HO diffus from h surfac ino h surrounding air Ths molculs ar hn rplacd by ohrs from h liquid (vaporaion and h nrgy rquird for his is akn from h rmaining liquid Thr ar svral imporan facors ha govrn h opraion of cooling owr:th dry-bulb and w-bulb mpraurs of h air and warm war o considr Furhr h mpraur of warm war h fficincy of conac bwn air and war in rms of h volumric mass ransfr cofficin and h conac im bwn h air and h war o b noicd wih a uniformiy of disribuion of h phass wihin h owr and finally h air prssur drop Air migh nr h owr drivn by a dnsiy gradin (naural draf, migh b pushd ino h owr (forcd draf a h bas or drawn ino h owr (inducd draf assisd by a fan Svral yps of cooling owrs hav bn dsignd on h basis of h abov facors and opraing sragis II LITERATURE REVIEW In his papr h auhors dscribd ha h ha ransfr and prssur drop characrisicsof splash grid yp cooling owr packingth auhors corrlad h owr characrisic wihh war/air mass flow raio and mniond ha hfacors affcing h valu of h owr characrisicwr found o b h war-o-air raio, h packdhigh, h dck gomry and, o a vry small xn,h ho war mpraur Thy also mniond hah owr characrisic a a givn war-o-air raiowas found o b indpndn of w bulb mpraurand air loading, wihin h limis of air loading usdin commrcial cooling owrs[] Th auhor conducd h hrmal and hydraulic prformancs of a hrphas fluidizd bd coolingowr H usd spongy rubbr balls 7 mm indiamr and wih a dnsiy of 7 kg/m as a packing,and dvlopd a corrlaion bwn h owrcharacrisic, ho war inl mpraur, saic bdhigh, and h war/air mass flux raio[] In his papr w mad a amp wih a xprimnal masurmns on wo pilo-scal

2 Inrnaional Journal of Innovaiv Rsarch in Tchnology, Scinc & Enginring (IJIRTSE wwwioirpcom ISSN: -6, Volum, Issu Jun 8 cooling owrs in ordr o analys h prformanc of diffrn cooling owr filling marials Thy sd svn yps of counr flow film yp fills and corrlad hir prssur drop daa as wll as h volumric ha ransfr cofficin wih h war and air flow ras[] Th auhor dscribd anpacking in an vaporaiv cooling sysm osudy is hrmal and hydraulic prformancs Thrfor,his sudy prsns an xprimnal invsigaionof h hrmal prformancs of cooling owrs filldwih h VGA yp packing This packing consissof vrical grids disposd bwn walls in h form ofzig-zag Th principl of is prformanc is as follows:h gas (air nrs a h boom of h owr and goso h op of ha whil crossing svral ims h vricalgrids, whras h liquid (war is inroducd ah op of h owr and flows along h vrical grids[] III METHODOLOGY Th main purpos of his papr is o carry ou an xprimnal invsigaion of h prformanc characrisics of a dirc-conac counr flow w cooling owr filld wih h cramic yp and glass balls packing Various xprimnal conducd basd on h ha xchangrs wih h hlp of forcd draf of h fluidizd bd Finally Th xprimnal rsuls wr analysd and discussd IV COMPONENTS OF OUR COOLING TOWER Th srucural componns of cooling owr such as: cold war basin, framwork, war disribuion sysm, fan dck, fan cylindrs, mchanical quipmn suppors, fill, drif liminaors, casing and louvrs A COLD WATER BASIN Th cold war basin has wo fundamnally imporan funcions: collcing h coldwar following is ransi of h owr, and acing as h owr s primary foundaion B TOWER FRAMEWORK Th usd marials for h framwork of fild-rcd owrs ar, wih sl uilizd for h vrical rcangular column which is of mrs high, which can hold hr bds C WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Th war lin w usd is mm CPVC piplins which can hold up o 8 C, h maximum mpraur w going o us is 6 C so i s nough for our purpos D BLOWER In our ki, w ar doing an forcd draf sysm, for ha h blowr abov h cooling owr is vry imporan which absorbs h ha from h ho war which is dissipad from h bd, h blowr runs a high spd o absorb h ho air prsn insid h cooling owrfig Th phoographic viw of blowr E FILL (HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE Fill (ha ransfr surfac is abl o promo boh h maximum conac surfac and h maximum conac im bwn air and war drmins h fficincy of h owr In our cooling owr w ar using glass balls and cramic il packing as a fill marials which ar usd as a bd marials in fluidisd bd cooling owr From liraur rviws w prfrrd his balls which having ha ransfr cofficins and morovr PVC marials ar usd as a fills in commrcial cooling owrs F LOUVERS Evry wll-dsignd cross flow owr is quippd wih inl louvrs, whras counr flow owrs ar only occasionally rquird o hav louvrs Thir purpos is o rain circulaing war wihin h confins of h owr, as wll as o qualiz airflow ino h fill G PUMP Th pumps hlps in pumping h ho war from h ank for our obsrvaion purpos Th pump having h flow capaciy of lirs pr minu H VALVES Valvs ar usd o conrol and rgula flow hrough h war lins srving h owr

3 Inrnaional Journal of Innovaiv Rsarch in Tchnology, Scinc & Enginring (IJIRTSE wwwioirpcom ISSN: -6, Volum, Issu Jun 8 Valvs uilizd for cooling owr applicaion includ: a Sop valvs: Thy ar usd on boh counr flow and cross flow owrs o rgula flow in mulipl-risr owrs, and o sop flow in a paricular risr for cll mainnanc b Flow-conrol valvs: Thy ar considrd o discharg o h amosphr, and ssnially as h nd-of-lin valvs c Mak-up valvs: Ths ar valvs uilizd o auomaically rplnish h normal war losss from h sysm I HEATER To g a ho war circulaion of mpraur of abou C w jus haing h rquird war for analysis purpos w using wo W hars J WIRING SYSTEM Th wiring sysm dsign mus considr prinn daa on h availabl volag (is acual valu, as wll as is sabiliy, lngh of lins from h powr supply o h moor, and h moor horspowr rquirmns K DIGITAL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR A mpraur indicaor is a dvic which convrs h dviaion of volag during mpraur changs ino rspciv mpraur volag valus W ar using a six poin mpraur indicaor which shows h mpraur valus of inl ho war mpraur, oul cold war mpraur, hr bd mpraurs and xi air mpraur L THERMOCOUPLE A hrmocoupl is a snsor usd o masur mpraur Thrmocoupls consis of wo wir lgs mad from diffrn mals Th wir lgs ar wldd oghr a on nd, craing a juncion This Juncion is whr h mpraur is masurd Whn h juncion xprinc a chang in mpraur a volag is crad which is convrd ino rspciv mpraur valu by mpraur indicaor M THERMOSTAT A hrmosa is a bimallic swich which auomaically cu of h circui afr aaining h pr- dfind mpraur valus W ar using a ndl yp hrmosa in which w can conrol h har valu from C o 6 C Our maximum limid mpraur o h cooling owr is C N MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SUPPORTS Cusomary marial for h uniizd suppors is carbon sl, ho-dip galvanizd afr fabricaion, wih sainlss sl consrucion availabl a significan addiional cos V WORKING PRINCIPLE Ho war circulaion plays a major rol on sing h cooling owr Furhr h War is o b had a various rquird rangs of - C Th har is mound on h ank and hn i is conncd o h hrmosa whr is auomaically cu off for h s mpraur Afr h procss of haing h war is sn o a sorag ank whr i is pumpd o h cooling owr hrough piplin A h boom of h owr a blowr is placd for forcd draf arrangmn and mad a provision for h piplin o nr from h sid of h owr Bfor h war dircly rachs h bd h war is splis ino dropls wih h hlp of h showr Th bd consiss of glass balls and cramic il packing which ar usd as a bd marial in fluidizd bd cooling owr Th hr sags of bd cooling owr packd whr in a rang of mm for ach bd sag And his procss is carrid ou rpadly VI EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Afr aaining h s valu of h ho war h har is auomaically swichd off Thn h pump is swichd on Th war sard ocirculad hrough piplin from ank o cooling owr for somims o aain h sady sa Tmpraur bwn h bds wr noicd and abulad(, Tmpraur radings ar nod down wih h hlpof h mpraur snsorand mpraur indicaor(hrmo coupl a Ho war inl, bds, coold down war VII RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS War Flow Ra (L: 8 m / hr Air Flow Ra (G: m / hr Ambin mpraur: C W bulb mpraur: C

4 EFFECTIVENESS Inrnaional Journal of Innovaiv Rsarch in Tchnology, Scinc & Enginring (IJIRTSE wwwioirpcom ISSN: -6, Volum, Issu Jun 8 Tabl, shows h rading valus akn from h owr TABLE : COOLING TOWER MEASUREMENTS (WITHOUT BED: 6 8 KaV/l S N o : war mpr aur ( C In l 8 O u l 6 7 Air mp raur ( C i n l O u l W bu lb m p raur ( C R a n g ( C Ap pro ach ( C uni Eff ci vn -ss ɛ uni % TABLE COOLING TOWER MEASUREMENTS (WITH BED: 6 Fig Graphical illusraion of Ho war mpraur Vs Effcivnss EFFICIENCY (% BED HOT WATER TEMPERATURE Vs EFFECTIVENESS HOT WATER TEMPERATURE Vs EFFICIENCY 8 WITH BED WITHOUT WITH BED WITHOUT BED S N o: war mpr aur ( C In l 8 Ou l 6 7 Air mpra ur ( C In l ou l W bul b m pr a- ur ( C Ra ng ( C Appr oach ( C uni Eff civ n- ss ɛ uni 7 % Fig; Graphical illusraion Ho war mpraur Vs Efficincy HOT WATER TEMPERATURE Vs KaV/l 8 Ho war mpraur Vs KaV/l WITH BED WITHOUT BED 6

5 Inrnaional Journal of Innovaiv Rsarch in Tchnology, Scinc & Enginring (IJIRTSE wwwioirpcom ISSN: -6, Volum, Issu Jun 8 CALCULATION: Cooling owr rang T wi - T wo C - 7 C 8 C Cooling owr approach T wo - T wb 7 C - C 7 C Mass of war 8Kg/hr Ha loss by war M w C pw (T wi - T wo Kj/hr 678 Mass of air rquird (Ma (Volum of air rquird / Spcific volum of air a inl mpraur G / Gs Ma 7 Kg / hr a Toal ara of wd surfac includs h surfac ara of war drops as wll as wd slas or ohr fill marial, m; L Now, war mass flow ra, kg/s; Δ h Valu of H w - H a a T + (T T Δ h Valu of H w - H a a T + (T T Δ h Valu of H w - H a a T - (T T Δ h Valu of H w - Ha a T - (T T KaV/L 6 Effcivnss ɛ (T -T / (T T a ɛ 8 7 Efficincy (T T / ( T T wb 6% Towr Characrisics (KaV/L : [(T T / ] x {( /Δ h + ( / Δ h + ( / Δ h + ( / Δ h }] Whr, K Mass ransfr co-fficin (Kg / hr m; V Aciv cooling volum (m ; T wi cooling owr, C; T wo cooling owr, C; h w War mpraur nring h War mpraur laving h Enhalpy of saurad air a war mpraur, kj/(kg of dry air; h a air; Enhalpy of air, kj/(kg of dry VIII CONCLUSION Thus h analysis of fluidizd bd cooling owr was don Numbrs of xprimnal runs wr conducd in h forcd draf cooling owr wih glass balls and burn clay as packing marials Diffrn variabls wr considrd for h xprimnal run In fig rprsns, h variaion of ffcivnss of inl ho war mpraur and dry bulb mpraur Th ffcivnss of wih bd owr valu is lss han and wihou bd ffcivnss valv is grar han so wih bd cooling owr is vry ffciv han wihou bd cooling owr Graphs rprsns, h variaion of fficincy of inl ho war mpraur and dry bulb mpraur Th fficincy of wih bd cooling owr valu a inl ho war mpraur of C is 6% and wihou bd fficincy a sam inl ho war mpraur is % Th ohr inl ho war mpraur rsuls gs similarly so wih bd cooling owr is vry ffciv han wihou bd cooling owr In fig rprsns, h variaion of KaV/l of inl ho war mpraur and dry bulb mpraur Th KaV/l of wih bd owr valu is grar han 7

6 Inrnaional Journal of Innovaiv Rsarch in Tchnology, Scinc & Enginring (IJIRTSE wwwioirpcom ISSN: -6, Volum, Issu Jun 8 wihou bd KaV/l valv so wih bd cooling owr is vry ffciv han wihou bd cooling owr REFERENCES Toman al, ( Facors ffcing ha ransfr bwn gas fluidizd bds and bubbling fluidizd bds" K N Sharamu and K V S Varir, Prformanc of a fluidizd bd cooling owr using bd marials of various configuraion" Exprimnal sudy of cooling owr prformanc using cramic il packing Ramkumar Ramkrishnan*, Ragupahy Arumugam Dparmn of Mchanical Enginring, Annamalai Univrsiy, Annamalai agar-68, Tamilnadu, India Rcivd Fbruary ; rcivd in rvisd form March ; accpd March Mrkl s Mhod For Dsigning Inducd Draf Cooling Towr Parin Shah Nishan Tailor,,Dparmn of Chmical Enginring, Insiu of Tchnology, Nirma Univrsiy, Ahmdabad, Gujara, INDIA Exprimnal Invsigaion Of Th Prformanc OfA Counr-Flow, Packd-Bd Mchanical Cooling TowrS V Bdkar, P Nihiarasu And K N Sharamuz Dparmn of Mchanical Enginring, Indian Insiu of Tchnology, Madras, Chnnai 6 6, India; Dparmn of Civil Enginring, Univrsiy of Wals, Swansa SA 8PP, UK; zschool of Mchanical Enginring, Univrsii Sains Malaysia, Prak Campus Branch, Tronoh 7, Malaysia Dsign And Fabricaion Of Mini Draf Cooling Towr Mahndran Mukund, Muralidharan,Addrss for Corrspondnc Ass Prof, Mchanical Enginring, Sudn, K Ramakrishnan collg of Tchnology, samayapuram,trichy,tamilnadu Dsign and Characrisaion of Fluidisd Bd Cooling Towrs A hsis submid ö Middlsx Univrsiy in parial fulfilmn of h rquirmns for h dgr of Docor of Philosophy in Mchanical Enginring Louis Mbua Egb 6 Prformanc Of Fluidizd Bd Cooling Towr By Using Aluminium/Coppr Marials ManojK, ME (Thrmal Enginring, MohanasundramT, ME, Assisan Profssor Dparmn of Mchanical Enginring 7 JJ Collg of Enginring and Tchnology, Trichy-, Tamil Nadu, India 8 Th h Inrnaional Confrnc on Fluidizaion - Nw Horizons in Fluidizaion Enginring Enginring Confrncs Inrnaional Yar 7 Th Masurmn of Thrmal Prformanc for a Fluidizd Bd H R Goshayshi Azad Univrsiy of Mashad, hamidrza7@yahoocouk Th h Inrnaional Confrnc on Fluidizaion - Nw Horizons in Fluidizaion Enginring Enginring Confrncs Inrnaional Yar 7 Th Masurmn of Thrmal Prformanc for a Fluidizd BdH R Goshayshi Azad Univrsiy of Mashad, hamidrza7@yahoocouk 8