The Rate Expression. The rate, velocity, or speed of a reaction
|
|
- Homer Wiggins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Rate Expression The rate, velocity, or speed of a reaction Reaction rate is the change in the concentration of a reactant or a product with time. A B rate = - da rate = db da = decrease in concentration of A over time period db = increasee in concentration of B over time period Because [A] decreases with time, da is negative.
2 The Rate Expression d This expression gives the increase (+) or decrease (-) of concentration,, within a given time interval,. A + B + D R f da d B
3 The Rate Expression d This expression gives the increase (+) or decrease (-) of concentration,, within a given time interval,. A + B + D
4 The Rate Expression d This expression gives the increase (+) or decrease (-) of concentration,, within a given time interval,. A + 2B + D d ( A) 1 d ( B ) 2
5 The Rate Expression d This expression gives the increase (+) or decrease (-) of concentration,, within a given time interval,. A + 2B + D Reaction Rate and Stoichiometry
6 The rate law The rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of the molar concentration of the reactants each raised to a power equal to the number of molecules of the substance undergoing reaction:
7 The rate law Effect of concentration on reaction rate A + B + D The rate equation can be written as: R f f da d B da d B k( ( A ))( ( BB) ) In which k is known as the reaction rate constant.
8 The order of reaction The overall order of a chemical reaction is the sum of the exponents of the concentration terms in a reaction kinetics equation that after integration gives a linear plot. a A + b B g G + h H The rate equation can be written as: 1 a d ( A) 1 b d ( B) 1 g d( G) 1 h d( H ) K( A) m ( B) n reaction is m th order in A reaction is n th order in B reaction is (m +n) th order overall
9 The order of reaction The overall order of a chemical reaction is the sum of the exponents of the concentration terms in a reaction kinetics equation that after integration gives a linear plot. a A + b B g G + h H The rate equation can be written as: 1 a d ( A) 1 b d ( B) 1 g d( G) 1 h d( H ) K( A) m ( B) n oncentration term exponents (m and n) are usually small whole numbers but may be fractional, negative or zero. They are unlikely to be the stoichiometric factors for the overall rate law.
10 Reaction Mechanisms Simple elementary step Elementary processes are reversible Sequence of elementary steps The reactions are unimolecular or bimolecular A B Exponents for concentration terms are the same as the stoichiometric factors for the elementary process
11 Reaction Mechanisms Simple elementary step Sequence of elementary steps One elementary step is usually slower than all the others and is known as the rate determining step Intermediates are produced in one elementary process and consumed in another. They do not appear in the overall chemical equation or the rate law.
12 Experimental determination of rate law F 2 (g) + 2lO 2 (g) 2FlO 2 (g) (method of initial rates) rate = k [F 2 ] x [lo 2 ] y Double [F 2 ] with [lo 2 ] constant Rate doubles x = 1 Quadruple [lo 2 ] with [F 2 ] constant Rate quadruples y = 1 F 2 (g) + 2lO 2 (g) 2FlO 2 (g) 1 rate = k [F 2 ][lo 2 ]
13 I. Zero Order Reaction: Are reactions, in which the rate of reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactants. The velocity of the reaction is constant.
14 I. Zero Order Reaction: Zero-order reactions are typically found when a material that is required for the reaction to proceed, such as a surface or a catalyst, is saturated by the reactants. 1) occurs in a closed system 2) there is no net build-up of intermediates 3) there are no other reactions occurring
15 I. Zero Order Reaction: Zero-order reactions are typically found when a material that is required for the reaction to proceed, such as a surface or a catalyst, is saturated by the reactants. Haber Process Decomposition of multi-sulfa drugs
16 I. Zero Order Reaction: rate = - d() d() = K rate = k () 0 = k The rate equation is a differential equation. It can be integrated to obtain an integrated rate equation that links concentrations of reactants or products with time.
17 I. Zero Order Reaction: rate = - d() rate = k () 0 = k d() = K - d = K On Integration t = o - Kt [ t ] is the concentration of at any time t [] 0 is the concentration of at time t=0 Intercept = o Slope = - K Time (t)
18 I. Zero Order Reaction: We can Also calculate the constant of reaction by rearranging the linear equation: t = o - Kt k 0 t t mole liter UNITS mloe?. liter Second / d ( ) K 0 onc. time mole Second / liter 1 1 mole. liter. S
19 I. Zero Order Reaction: The half-life (t ½ ) the time required for a quantity to fall to half its value as measured at the beginning of the time period. t ½ = t when t = 1/2 0
20 I. Zero Order Reaction: The half-life (t ½ ) t = o - k t Putting t = 1 2 o in the linear equation: t = o - t k t 1/2 = o o k t 1/2 = 1 2 o k
21 I. Zero Order Reaction: The shelf life (t 90% ) is the time required for 10% of the drug to decompose. In other word 90% of the drug remains. Putting t = 0.9 o in the linear equation: t 90% = o 0.9 o k t 90% = 0.1 o k
22 I. Zero Order Reaction: Time life (t life ) is the time required for 100% of the drug to decompose. Time for a drug to decompose completely. Putting t = zero in the linear equation: t life = o 0 k t life = o k
23 Example The decomposition of a multi-sulfa compound, was found to follow zero order kinetics. If its concentration was 0.47 mole/liter, when freshly prepared, and after 473 days its concentration reached mole/liter, calculate its degradation rate constant and t 1/2.
24 Example The decomposition of a multi-sulfa compound, was found to follow zero order kinetics. If its concentration was 0.47 mole/liter, when freshly prepared, and after 473 days its concentration reached mole/liter, calculate its degradation rate constant and t 1/2.
25 Solution k = o - t k = t 473 = mole/liter. days -1 t ½ = o = 0.47 = 452 days = 15 months 2K 2x
26 II. 1 st Order Reaction: The speed of the reaction depends on the concentration of only one reactant, raised to the first power. There can be other reactants present in the reaction, but their concentrations do not affect the rate. First-order equations are often seen in decomposition reactions. Absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination (not linked with a carrier or a carrier with unsaturable state).
27 II. 1 st Order Reaction: The speed of the reaction depends on the concentration of only one reactant, raised to the first power. d ( ) K 1
28 II. 1 st Order Reaction: d ( ) K 1 Integrating the previous equation between 0 at time t = 0 and concentration at some later time t gives: ln ln 0 k t onverting to common logarithms yields: log log 0 k t 2.303
29 II. 1 st Order Reaction: ln ln 0 k t log log 0 k t Intercept = ln 0 Intercept = log 0 ln c Slope = - k log c Slope = - k t t
30 II. 1 st Order Reaction: ln ln 0 k t log log 0 The reaction rate constant k t k ln o t ln k t log o UNITS? 1 time d ( ) K 1 ( ) mole/ liter 1 S Sec( mole/ liter )
31 II. 1 st Order Reaction: The relation between concentration and time is exponential: t 0 e kt t 10 kt/ Initial concentration 1/2 0 1/4 0 1/8 0 oncentration at t t 1/2 t 1/2 t t 1/2
32 II. 1 st Order Reaction: The Half Life "t½ half life when = ½ o k t log o t k log o = log o = log 2 = k ½ o k T 1/2 k
33 II. 1 st Order Reaction: The Shelf Life (t 90% ) the shelf life when = 0.9 o k t log o t k log o t 90% = log o = (0.0457) = k 0.9 o k k
34 II. 1 st Order Reaction: Time life (t life ) is the time required for 100% of the drug to decompose. Putting t = zero in the linear equation:?
35 II. 1 st Order Reaction: A solution of a drug contained 500 units per ml when prepared. It was analyzed after a period of 40 days and was found to contain 300 units per ml. Assuming that the decomposition is first order, at what time will the drug have decomposed to one half of its original concentration? Solution: K = log o = log 500 = day -1 t t t ½ = = = 54 days K
36 II. 1 st Order Reaction: What is the half-life of N 2 O 5 if it decomposes with a rate constant of 5.7 x 10-4 s -1? t ½ = = = 1200 s = 20 minutes k 5.7 x 10-4 s -1
Chemical Kinetics Ch t ap 1 er
Chemical Kinetics Chapter 13 1 Chemical Kinetics Thermodynamics does a reaction take place? Kinetics how fast does a reaction proceed? Reaction rate is the change in the concentration of a reactant or
More informationChemical Kinetics. Chapter 13. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chemical Kinetics Chapter 13 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chemical Kinetics Thermodynamics does a reaction take place? Kinetics how fast does
More informationUnderstanding Organic Reactions
Understanding Organic Reactions Energy Diagrams For the general reaction: The energy diagram would be shown as: Understanding Organic Reactions Energy Diagrams Energy Diagrams Understanding Organic Reactions
More informationCh 13 Rates of Reaction (Chemical Kinetics)
Ch 13 Rates of Reaction (Chemical Kinetics) Reaction Rates and Kinetics - The reaction rate is how fast reactants are converted to products. - Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates. Kinetics
More informationChemical Kinetics -- Chapter 14
Chemical Kinetics -- Chapter 14 1. Factors that Affect Reaction Rate (a) Nature of the reactants: molecular structure, bond polarity, physical state, etc. heterogeneous reaction: homogeneous reaction:
More informationChemical Kinetics. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chemical Kinetics Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chemical Kinetics Thermodynamics does a reaction take place? Kinetics how fast does a reaction
More informationAP CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 12 KINETICS
AP CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 12 KINETICS Thermodynamics tells us if a reaction can occur. Kinetics tells us how quickly the reaction occurs. Some reactions that are thermodynamically feasible are kinetically so
More informationChemical Kinetics. Kinetics is the study of how fast chemical reactions occur. There are 4 important factors which affect rates of reactions:
Chemical Kinetics Kinetics is the study of how fast chemical reactions occur. There are 4 important factors which affect rates of reactions: reactant concentration temperature action of catalysts surface
More information, but bursts into flames in pure oxygen.
Chemical Kinetics Chemical kinetics is concerned with the speeds, or rates of chemical reactions Chemical kinetics is a subject of broad importance. How quickly a medicine can work The balance of ozone
More informationRate of a chemical reaction = Change in concentration Change in time
1) 2) 1) The nature of reactants and products 2) The concentration of reacting species 3) Temperature 4) Catalyst [A] Rate of a chemical reaction = Change in concentration Change in time [B] Rate of disappearance
More informationBioinformatics: Network Analysis
Bioinformatics: Network Analysis Reaction Kinetics COMP 572 (BIOS 572 / BIOE 564) - Fall 2013 Luay Nakhleh, Rice University 1 Reaction kinetics is the study of how fast chemical reactions take place, what
More informationChapter 11: CHEMICAL KINETICS
Chapter : CHEMICAL KINETICS Study of the rate of a chemical reaction. Reaction Rate (fast or slow?) Igniting gasoline? Making of oil? Iron rusting? We know about speed (miles/hr). Speed Rate = changes
More informationChemical Kinetics. Rate = [B] t. Rate = [A] t. Chapter 12. Reaction Rates 01. Reaction Rates 02. Reaction Rates 03
Chapter Chemical Kinetics Reaction Rates 0 Reaction Rate: The change in the concentration of a reactant or a product with time (M/s). Reactant Products aa bb Rate = [A] t Rate = [B] t Reaction Rates 0
More informationKinetics CHAPTER IN THIS CHAPTER
CHAPTER 14 Kinetics IN THIS CHAPTER Summary: Thermodynamics often can be used to predict whether a reaction will occur spontaneously, but it gives very little information about the speed at which a reaction
More informationCh 13 Chemical Kinetics. Modified by Dr. Cheng-Yu Lai
Ch 13 Chemical Kinetics Modified by Dr. Cheng-Yu Lai Outline 1. Meaning of reaction rate 2. Reaction rate and concentration 3. Writing a Rate Law 4. Reactant concentration and time 5. Reaction rate and
More informationAdvanced Physical Chemistry CHAPTER 18 ELEMENTARY CHEMICAL KINETICS
Experimental Kinetics and Gas Phase Reactions Advanced Physical Chemistry CHAPTER 18 ELEMENTARY CHEMICAL KINETICS Professor Angelo R. Rossi http://homepages.uconn.edu/rossi Department of Chemistry, Room
More informationCHEMISTRY - CLUTCH CH.13 - CHEMICAL KINETICS.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS is the study of reaction rates, and tells us the change in concentrations of reactants or products over a period of time. Although a chemical
More informationΔx Δt. Any average rate can be determined between measurements at 2 points in time.
Chapter 13 Chemical Kinetics Some reaction are faster than others! Chem 210 Jasperse Ch. 13 Handouts 1 Three factors (in addition to the nature of the reacting chemicals themselves ) 1. Concentrations
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 12 Chemical Kinetics Chapter 12 Table of Contents 12.1 Reaction Rates 12.2 Rate Laws: An Introduction 12.3 Determining the Form of the Rate Law 12.4 The Integrated Rate Law 12.5 Reaction Mechanisms
More informationTheoretical Models for Chemical Kinetics
Theoretical Models for Chemical Kinetics Thus far we have calculated rate laws, rate constants, reaction orders, etc. based on observations of macroscopic properties, but what is happening at the molecular
More informationCHAPTER 10 CHEMICAL KINETICS
CHAPTER 10 CHEMICAL KINETICS Introduction To this point in our study of chemistry, we have been concerned only with the composition of the equilibrium mixture, not the length of time required to obtain
More informationChapter 12. Kinetics. Factors That Affect Reaction Rates. Factors That Affect Reaction Rates. Chemical. Kinetics
PowerPoint to accompany Kinetics Chapter 12 Chemical Kinetics Studies the rate at which a chemical process occurs. Besides information about the speed at which reactions occur, kinetics also sheds light
More informationAP Chemistry - Notes - Chapter 12 - Kinetics Page 1 of 7 Chapter 12 outline : Chemical kinetics
AP Chemistry - Notes - Chapter 12 - Kinetics Page 1 of 7 Chapter 12 outline : Chemical kinetics A. Chemical Kinetics - chemistry of reaction rates 1. Reaction Rates a. Reaction rate- the change in concentration
More informationKinetics. Chapter 14. Chemical Kinetics
Lecture Presentation Chapter 14 Yonsei University In kinetics we study the rate at which a chemical process occurs. Besides information about the speed at which reactions occur, kinetics also sheds light
More informationFactors That Affect Rates. Factors That Affect Rates. Factors That Affect Rates. Factors That Affect Rates
KINETICS Kinetics Study of the speed or rate of a reaction under various conditions Thermodynamically favorable reactions DO NOT mean fast reactions Some reactions take fraction of a second (explosion)
More informationExamples of fast and slow reactions
1 of 10 After completing this chapter, you should, at a minimum, be able to do the following. This information can be found in my lecture notes for this and other chapters and also in your text. Correctly
More informationHow fast reactants turn into products. Usually measured in Molarity per second units. Kinetics
How fast reactants turn into products. Usually measured in Molarity per second units. Kinetics Reaction rated are fractions of a second for fireworks to explode. Reaction Rates takes years for a metal
More informationThe first aspects forms the subject matter of chemical equilibrium. The second aspects forms the subject matter of chemical kinetics.
Chemical Kinetics Introduction In a chemical reaction two important aspects are: (a) How far the reaction will go? and (b) How fast the reaction will occur? The first aspects forms the subject matter of
More informationCHEMISTRY. Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
CHEMISTRY The Central Science 8 th Edition Chapter 14 Kozet YAPSAKLI kinetics is the study of how rapidly chemical reactions occur. rate at which a chemical process occurs. Reaction rates depends on The
More informationCHEMISTRY NOTES CHEMICAL KINETICS
CHEMICAL KINETICS Rate of chemical reactions The rate of a reaction tells us how fast the reaction occurs. Let us consider a simple reaction. A + B C + D As the reaction proceeds, the concentration of
More informationThere is not enough activation energy for the reaction to occur. (Bonds are pretty stable already!)
Study Guide Chemical Kinetics (Chapter 12) AP Chemistry 4 points DUE AT QUIZ (Wednesday., 2/14/18) Topics to be covered on the quiz: chemical kinetics reaction rate instantaneous rate average rate initial
More informationChapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14 14.1 Factors that Affect Reaction Rates 14.2 Reaction Rates 14.3 Concentration and Rate Laws 14.4 The Change of Concentration with Time 14.5 Temperature and Rate 14.6 Reaction Mechanisms 14.7
More informationChapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
7/10/003 Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics 14-1 Rates of Chemical Reactions 14- Reaction Rates and Concentrations 14-3 The Dependence of Concentrations on Time 14-4 Reaction Mechanisms 14-5 Reaction Mechanism
More informationGeneral Chemistry I Concepts
Chemical Kinetics Chemical Kinetics The Rate of a Reaction (14.1) The Rate Law (14.2) Relation Between Reactant Concentration and Time (14.3) Activation Energy and Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants
More informationChapter 13 Lecture Lecture Presentation. Chapter 13. Chemical Kinetics. Sherril Soman Grand Valley State University Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 13 Lecture Lecture Presentation Chapter 13 Chemical Kinetics Sherril Soman Grand Valley State University Ectotherms Lizards, and other cold-blooded creatures, are ectotherms animals whose body
More informationBrown et al, Chemistry, 2nd ed (AUS), Ch. 12:
Kinetics: Contents Brown et al, Chemistry, 2 nd ed (AUS), Ch. 12: Why kinetics? What is kinetics? Factors that Affect Reaction Rates Reaction Rates Concentration and Reaction Rate The Change of Concentration
More informationChapter 14. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14. Chemical Kinetics 14.1 Factors that Affect Reaction Rates The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs is the reaction rate. Chemical kinetics is the study of how fast chemical reactions occur.
More informationChapter 11 Rate of Reaction
William L Masterton Cecile N. Hurley http://academic.cengage.com/chemistry/masterton Chapter 11 Rate of Reaction Edward J. Neth University of Connecticut Outline 1. Meaning of reaction rate 2. Reaction
More informationHomework 07. Kinetics
HW07 - Kine!cs Started: Mar at 10:56am Quiz Instruc!ons Homework 07 Kinetics Question 1 Consider the reaction: O (g) 3O (g) rate = k[o ] [O ] 3 3 What is the overall order of the reaction and the order
More informationChapter 13 Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 13 Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions 14.1 Focusing on Reaction Rate 14.2 Expressing the Reaction Rate 14.3 The Rate Law and Its Components 14.4 Integrated Rate Laws: Concentration
More information[ A] 2. [ A] 2 = 2k dt. [ A] o
Chemistry 360 Dr Jean M Standard Problem Set 3 Solutions The reaction 2A P follows second-order kinetics The rate constant for the reaction is k350 0 4 Lmol s Determine the time required for the concentration
More informationCHAPTER 13 (MOORE) CHEMICAL KINETICS: RATES AND MECHANISMS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHAPTER 13 (MOORE) CHEMICAL KINETICS: RATES AND MECHANISMS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS This chapter deals with reaction rates, or how fast chemical reactions occur. Reaction rates vary greatly some are very
More informationProperties of Solutions and Kinetics. Unit 8 Chapters 4.5, 13 and 14
Properties of Solutions and Kinetics Unit 8 Chapters 4.5, 13 and 14 Unit 8.1: Solutions Chapters 4.5, 13.1-13.4 Classification of Matter Solutions are homogeneous mixtures Solute A solute is the dissolved
More informationChapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
4//004 Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics 4- Rates of Chemical Reactions 4- Reaction Rates and Concentrations 4-3 The Dependence of Concentrations on Time 4-4 Reaction Mechanisms 4-5 Reaction Mechanism and Rate
More informationREACTION KINETICS. Catalysts substances that increase the rates of chemical reactions without being used up. e.g. enzymes.
REACTION KINETICS Study of reaction rates Why? Rates of chemical reactions are primarily controlled by 5 factors: the chemical nature of the reactants 2 the ability of the reactants to come in contact
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 12 Chemical Kinetics Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Section
More informationKinetics. Mary J. Bojan Chem Rate: change that occurs in a given interval of time.
Kinetics Rates of reaction average rates instantaneous rates Dependence of rate on concentration rate constant rate laws order of the reaction Dependence of rate on time First order Second order Half-life
More informationChapter 14 - Chemical Kinetics. Reaction Rates Rate Laws Rate Constants Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate
Chapter 14 - Chemical Kinetics Reaction Rates Rate Laws Rate Constants Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate Kinetics The study of the factors that affect the speed of a reaction and the mechanism by
More informationPart One: Reaction Rates. 1. Rates of chemical reactions. (how fast products are formed and/or reactants are used up)
A. Chemical Kinetics deals with: CHAPTER 13: RATES OF REACTION Part One: Reaction Rates 1. Rates of chemical reactions. (how fast products are formed and/or reactants are used up) 2. Mechanisms of chemical
More informationCHAPTER 12 CHEMICAL KINETICS
5/9/202 CHAPTER 2 CHEMICAL KINETICS CHM52 GCC Kinetics Some chemical reactions occur almost instantaneously, while others are very slow. Chemical Kinetics - study of factors that affect how fast a reaction
More informationChapter 14. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14. Chemical Kinetics Common Student Misconceptions It is possible for mathematics to get in the way of some students understanding of the chemistry of this chapter. Students often assume that
More informationHomework #4 Chapter 15 Chemical Kinetics. Therefore, k depends only on temperature. The rate of the reaction depends on all of these items (a d).
Homework #4 Chapter 5 Chemical Kinetics 8. Arrhenius Equation Therefore, k depends only on temperature. The rate of the reaction depends on all of these items (a d). 4. a) d) b) c) e) 5. Rate has units
More informationon-line kinetics 3!!! Chemistry 1B Fall 2013
on-line kinetics 3!!! Chemistry 1B Fall 2013 1 on-line kinetics 3!!! Chemistry 1B Fall 2013 Mechanism of a chemical reaction Elementary reactions Activation energy and reaction coordinate diagram 2 Chemistry
More informationChem 116 POGIL Worksheet - Week 6 Kinetics - Part 2
Chem 116 POGIL Worksheet - Week 6 Kinetics - Part 2 Why? A different form of the rate law for a reaction allows us to calculate amounts as a function of time. One variation on this gives us the concept
More informationChem 116 POGIL Worksheet - Week 6 Kinetics - Concluded
Chem 116 POGIL Worksheet - Week 6 Kinetics - Concluded Why? The half-life idea is most useful in conjunction with first-order kinetics, which include many chemical reactions and all nuclear decay processes.
More informationCalculating Rates of Substances. Rates of Substances. Ch. 12: Kinetics 12/14/2017. Creative Commons License
Ch. 2: Kinetics An agama lizard basks in the sun. As its body warms, the chemical reactions of its metabolism speed up. Chemistry: OpenStax Creative Commons License Images and tables in this file have
More informationChemistry 112 Final Exam, Part II February 16, 2005
Name KEY. (35 points) Consider the reaction A + B + C + D + E + F Æ P, which has a rate law of the following form: d[p]/dt = k[a]a[b]b[c]c[d]d[e]e[f]f The data sets given or displayed below were obtained
More informationChapter 14. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14. Chemical Kinetics Common Student Misconceptions It is possible for mathematics to get in the way of some students understanding of the chemistry of this chapter. Students often assume that
More informationA. One-Substrate Reactions (1) Kinetic concepts
A. One-Substrate Reactions (1) Kinetic concepts (2) Kinetic analysis (a) Briggs-Haldane steady-state treatment (b) Michaelis constant (K m ) (c) Specificity constant (3) Graphical analysis (4) Practical
More informationChemical Kinetics. Kinetics. Factors That Affect Reaction Rates. Factors That Affect Reaction Rates. Factors That Affect Reaction Rates
Kinetics hemical Kinetics In kinetics we study the rate at which a chemical process occurs. esides information about the speed at which reactions occur, kinetics also sheds light on the reaction mechanism
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 12 Chemical Kinetics Section 12.1 Reaction Rates Reaction Rate Change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time. Rate = concentration of A at time t t 2 1 2 1 concentration of A at
More informationChapter: Chemical Kinetics
Chapter: Chemical Kinetics Rate of Chemical Reaction Question 1 Nitrogen pentaoxide decomposes according to equation: This first order reaction was allowed to proceed at 40 o C and the data below were
More informationChapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics Learning goals and key skills: Understand the factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions Determine the rate of reaction given time and concentration Relate the rate
More informationChapter 30. Chemical Kinetics. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved.
Chapter 30 Chemical Kinetics 1 Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. Chemists have three fundamental questions in mind when they study chemical reactions: 1.) What happens?
More informationExam I Solutions Chem 6, 9 Section, Spring 2002
1. (a) Two researchers at the University of Nebraska recently published a paper on the rate of the disappearance of World Wide Web links, a phenomenon called link rot. They asked the question, If I place
More informationPhysical Pharmacy. Chemical Kinetics and Stability
Physical Pharmacy Chemical Kinetics and Stability Chemical Kinetics and Stability The purpose of stability testing is to provide evidence on how the quality of a drug substance or drug product varies with
More informationChapter 13 Rates of Reactions
Chapter 13 Rates of Reactions Chemical reactions require varying lengths of time for completion, depending on the characteristics of the reactants and products. The study of the rate, or speed, of a reaction
More informationLecture (3) 1. Reaction Rates. 2 NO 2 (g) 2 NO(g) + O 2 (g) Summary:
Summary: Lecture (3) The expressions of rate of reaction and types of rates; Stoichiometric relationships between the rates of appearance or disappearance of components in a given reaction; Determination
More informationName: UNIT 5 KINETICS NOTES PACEKT #: KINETICS NOTES PART C
KINETICS NOTES PART C IV) Section 14.4 The Change of Concentration with Time A) Integrated Rate Law: shows how the concentration of the reactant(s) varies with time 1) [A]0 is the initial concentration
More informationDO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE AND MATCHING (24 KU) 1. A rate of reaction is usually obtained by measuring a. the rate at which products are consumed b. the rate at which reactants are produced c. the rate at
More informationChemistry 102 Chapter 14 CHEMICAL KINETICS. The study of the Rates of Chemical Reactions: how fast do chemical reactions proceed to form products
CHEMICAL KINETICS Chemical Kinetics: The study of the Rates of Chemical Reactions: how fast do chemical reactions proceed to form products The study of Reaction Mechanisms: the steps involved in the change
More information11/2/ and the not so familiar. Chemical kinetics is the study of how fast reactions take place.
Familiar Kinetics...and the not so familiar Reaction Rates Chemical kinetics is the study of how fast reactions take place. Some happen almost instantaneously, while others can take millions of years.
More informationAP CHEMISTRY NOTES 7-1 KINETICS AND RATE LAW AN INTRODUCTION
AP CHEMISTRY NOTES 7-1 KINETICS AND RATE LAW AN INTRODUCTION CHEMICAL KINETICS the study of rates of chemical reactions and the mechanisms by which they occur FACTORS WHICH AFFECT REACTION RATES 1. Nature
More informationKinetics - Chapter 14. reactions are reactions that will happen - but we can t tell how fast. - the steps by which a reaction takes place.
The study of. Kinetics - Chapter 14 reactions are reactions that will happen - but we can t tell how fast. - the steps by which a reaction takes place. Factors that Affect Rx Rates 1. The more readily
More informationTECHNICAL SCIENCE DAS12703 ROZAINITA BT. ROSLEY PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA UNVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
TECHNICAL SCIENCE DAS12703 ROZAINITA BT. ROSLEY PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA UNVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS... i LIST OF FIGURES... iii Chapter 1... 4 SOLUTIONS...
More informationAP Questions: Kinetics
AP Questions: Kinetics 1972 2 A + 2 B C + D The following data about the reaction above were obtained from three experiments: Rate of Formation of [A] [B] C (mole. liter -1 min -1 ) 1 0.60 0.15 6.3 10-3
More informationChemical Reaction Engineering. Lecture 2
hemical Reaction Engineering Lecture 2 General algorithm of hemical Reaction Engineering Mole balance Rate laws Stoichiometry Energy balance ombine and Solve lassification of reactions Phases involved:
More informationReaction Kinetics. Reaction kinetics is the study of the rates of reactions and the factors which affect the rates. Hebden Unit 1 (page 1 34)
Hebden Unit 1 (page 1 34) Reaction kinetics is the study of the rates of reactions and the factors which affect the rates. 2 1 What are kinetic studies good for? 3 How to speed up: 1. Paint drying 2. Setting
More informationChemistry 1B Fall 2016
Chemistry 1B Fall 2016 Topic 23 [more] Chemical Kinetics 1 goals for topic 23 kinetics and mechanism of chemical reaction energy profile and reaction coordinate activation energy and temperature dependence
More informationChemistry 1B, Fall 2012 Lecture 23
Chemistry 1B Fall 01 [more] Chemical Kinetics 1 kinetics and mechanism of reaction NO (g) + CO(g) ô NO(g) + CO (g) at T< 500K if the reaction was a collision between a NO molecule and a CO molecule one
More informationKinetics Practice Test 2017 Name: date: 1. Use the data provided the answer the question.
Kinetics Practice Test 2017 Name: date: 1. Use the data provided the answer the question. The data above was obtained for a reaction in which X + Y Z. Which of the following is the rate law for the reaction?
More informationChemical Kinetics AP Chemistry Lecture Outline
Chemical Kinetics AP Chemistry Lecture Outline Name: Factors that govern rates of reactions. Generally... (1)...as the concentration of reactants increases, rate (2)...as temperature increases, rate (3)...with
More informationRate Laws. We have seen how to obtain the differential form of rate laws
Rate Laws We have seen how to obtain the differential form of rate laws based upon experimental observation. s they involve derivatives, we must integrate the rate equations to obtain the time dependence
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 14. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT. Chemical Kinetics Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 14 James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT In chemical kinetics we study the rate (or speed) at which a chemical process occurs. Besides information about the speed
More informationWhat we learn from Chap. 15
Chemical Kinetics Chapter 15 What we learn from Chap. 15 15. The focus of this chapter is the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions. The applications center around pesticides, beginning with the opening
More informationChapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics Thermodynamics tells us what can happen and how far towards completion a reaction will proceed. Kinetics tells us how fast the reaction will go. Study of rates of reactions
More informationChemistry 112 Midterm January 30, 2006
1. (35 points) The reaction of A and B to form products is thought to go according to the following mechanism: A + 2B 2C + D k -1 2C 2C 2C + M k 2 k 3 k 4 G H J + M (a) (5) Identify the products in this
More information14-2 Whether a reaction should proceed (thermodynamics) and how fast (kinetics) it should proceed.
1-2 Whether a reaction should proceed (thermodynamics) and how fast (kinetics) it should proceed. 1-6 The rate of the reaction will slow down as time goes by since the rate is dependent upon the concentration
More informationC H E M I C N E S C I
C H E M I C A L K I N E T S C I 4. Chemical Kinetics Introduction Average and instantaneous Rate of a reaction Express the rate of a reaction in terms of change in concentration Elementary and Complex
More informationKINETICS CHEMICAL CHEMIC. Unit. I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I)
Unit 4 CHEMICAL CHEMIC KINETICS I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. The role of a catalyst is to change. gibbs energy of reaction. enthalpy of reaction. activation energy of reaction. equilibrium
More informationChapter 12 - Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 1 - Chemical Kinetics 1.1 Reaction Rates A. Chemical kinetics 1. Study of the speed with which reactants are converted to products B. Reaction Rate 1. The change in concentration of a reactant
More informationCh part 2.notebook. November 30, Ch 12 Kinetics Notes part 2
Ch 12 Kinetics Notes part 2 IV. The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate Revisited A. According to the kinetic molecular theory of gases, the average kinetic energy of a collection of gas molecules is
More informationNAME: Chapter 14Chemical Kinetics (Reaction Rate Law Concepts)
NAME: Chapter 14Chemical Kinetics (Reaction Rate Law Concepts) 1. Go to the website : http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/kinetics/index.html, a. Go to reaction rates page, read the introductory paragraphs
More informationChemical Kinetics. Reaction Rate. Reaction Rate. Reaction Rate. Reaction Rate. Chemistry: The Molecular Science Moore, Stanitski and Jurs
Chemical Kinetics Chemistry: The Molecular Science Moore, Stanitski and Jurs The study of speeds of reactions and the nanoscale pathways or rearrangements by which atoms and molecules are transformed to
More informationPart One: Reaction Rates. 1. Even though a reaction is thermodynamically favorable it may not occur at all if it is kinetically very slow.
CHAPTER 13: RATES OF REACTION Part One: Reaction Rates A. Chemical Kinetics deals with: 1. 2. B. Importance: 1. Even though a reaction is thermodynamically favorable it may not occur at all if it is kinetically
More informationIntroduction to Chemical Kinetics. Chemical Kinetics
Introduction to Chemical Kinetics CHEM 102 T. Hughbanks Chemical Kinetics Reaction rates How fast? Reaction mechanisms How? Answers to these questions depend on the path taken from reactants to products.
More informationKinetics. Consider an irreversible unimolecular reaction k. -d[a]/dt = k[a] Can also describe in terms of appearance of B.
Kinetic data gives insight into reaction mechanisms kinetic analysis will describe a relationship between concentrations of all chemical species before the rate determining step in a given reaction and
More informationName AP CHEM / / Chapter 12 Outline Chemical Kinetics
Name AP CHEM / / Chapter 12 Outline Chemical Kinetics The area of chemistry that deals with the rate at which reactions occur is called chemical kinetics. One of the goals of chemical kinetics is to understand
More informationChapter 14: Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14: Chemical Kinetics NOTE THIS CHAPTER IS #2 TOP TOPICS ON AP EXAM!!! NOT ONLY DO YOU NEED TO FOCUS ON THEORY (and lots of MATH) BUT YOU MUST READ THE FIGURES TOO!!! Ch 14.1 ~ Factors that Affect
More informationRate Laws. many elementary reactions. The overall stoichiometry of a composite reaction tells us little about the mechanism!
Rate Laws We have seen how to obtain the differential form of rate laws based upon experimental observation. As they involve derivatives, we must integrate the rate equations to obtain the time dependence
More information