Flight Dispatcher Aviation Meteorology Required Knowledge
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1 Flight Dispatcher Aviation Meteorology Required Knowledge 3.1 THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE 1 Properties 2 Vertical Structure 3 ICAO Standard Atmosphere 3.2 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 1 Pressure Measurements 2 Station Pressure 3 Mean Sea Level Pressure 4 Pressure Systems and their Variations 5 Effects of Temperature 6 Horizontal Pressure Differences 3.3 METEOROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ALTIMETRY 1 Pressure Altitude 2 Density Altitude 3 True Altitude 4 Altimeter Setting 5 Effects of both Pressure and Temperature 3.4 TEMPERATURE 1 Heating and Cooling of the Atmosphere - Convection/ Advection/Radiation 2 Horizontal Differences 3 Temperature Variations with Altitude 4 Inversions 5 Isothermal Layers
2 3.5 MOISTURE 1 Relative Humidity/Dewpoint 2 Sublimation/Condensation 3 Cloud Formation 4 Precipitation 5 Saturated/Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rates 3.6 STABILITY AND INSTABILITY 1 Lapse Rate and Stability 2 Modification of Stability 3 Characteristics of Stable/ Unstable Air 4 Surface Heating and Cooling 5 Lifting Process 6 Subsidence/Convergence 3.7 CLOUDS 1 Classification 2 Formation 3 Types and Recognition 4 Associated Precipitation and Turbulence 3.8 TURBULENCE 1 Convection 2 Mechanical 3 Orographic 4 Clear Air Turbulence 5 VIRGA - Evaporation Cooling 6 Reporting Criteria 7 Mountain Waves
3 3.9 WIND 1 Pressure Gradient 2 Deflection Caused by the Earth's Rotation 3 Low Level Winds - Variation in Surface Wind 4 Friction 5 Centrifugal Force 6 Veer and Back 7 Squalls and Gusts 8 Diurnal Effects 9 Land and Sea Breezes 10 Katabatic/Anabatic Effects 11 Topographical Effects 12 Wind Shear, Types and Causes 3.10 JET STREAMS 1 Frontal Jet Streams 2 Wind Distribution/Location 3 Temperature Distribution 4 Seasonal Variations in Latitude and Speed 5 Arctic Stratospheric Jets 6 Subtropical Jet Streams 7 Turbulence 3.11 AIR MASSES 1 Definition and Characteristics 2 Formation 3 Classification 4 Modification
4 5 Factors that Determine Weather 6 Seasonal and Geographic Effects 7 Air Masses Affecting North America 3.12 FRONTS 1 Structure 2 Types 3 Formation 4 Cross-sections 5 Discontinuities Across Fronts 6 Frontal Waves and Occlusions 7 Frontogenesis and Frontolysis 3.13 FRONTAL WEATHER 1 Warm Front 2 Cold Front 3 Stationary Front 4 TROWAL and Upper Fronts 3.14 AIRCRAFT ICING 1 Formation 2 Type of Ice 3 Reporting Criteria 4 Cloud Types and Icing 5 Freezing Rain and Drizzle 6 Icing in Clear Air (Hoar Frost) 7 Collection Efficiency 8 Aerodynamic Heating
5 3.15 THUNDERSTORMS 1 Requirements for Development 2 Life Cycle 3 Classification - Air Mass, Frontal, Squall Line, Convective, Orographic and Nocturnal 4 Tornadoes and Hurricanes 5 Hazards - Turbulence, Hail, Rain, Icing, Altimetry, Lightning, Gust Fronts, Downbursts and Microburst 3.16 SURFACE BASED LAYERS 1 Fog Formation 2 Fog Types 3 Haze and Smoke 4 Blowing Obstructions to Vision 3.17 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES AVAILABLE TO Dispatchers 1 Aviation Weather Briefing Service (AWBS) 2 Aviation Weather Information Service (AWIS) 3 Flight Service Stations (FSS) 4 Weather Broadcasts by Flight Service Stations 5 Atmospheric Environment Service Weather Briefing 6 Transcribed Weather Broadcasts (TWB) 7 DUATS - Commercial Weather Service 8 Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATS) 9 VOLMET (HF) Broadcast 10 Pilots Automatic Telephone Reporting Criteria, Cloud Types and Icing Weather Answering Service(PATWAS) 3.18 AVIATION WEATHER REPORTS 1 Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR)
6 2 SPECI 3 Decoding 4 AWOS 5 Pilot Reports (PIREP/AIREP) 3.19 AVIATION FORECASTS 1 Times Issued/Validity Periods 2 Decoding 3 Graphical Area Forecasts (GFA)/AIRMET 4 Terminal Area Forecasts (TAF) 5 Upper Level Winds and Temperature Forecasts (FD) 6 Significant In-flight Weather Warning Message (SIGMET) 3.20 WEATHER MAPS AND PROGNOSTIC CHARTS 1 Times Issued/Validity Periods 2 Symbols/Decoding 3 Surface Weather Map 4 Prognostic Surface Chart 5 Upper Level Charts - ANAL (850mb, 700mb, 500mb & 250mb) 6 Upper Level Charts - PROG (FL240, FL340, FL450) 7 Significant Weather Prognostic Chart FL ( mb) & FL ( mb)
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