Habitat Report. February 26, 2010
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1 Habitat Report February 26, 2010
2 Habitat Report Contributors Editor: Meagan Hainstock Field Reporters: British Columbia Bruce Harrison Western Boreal Forest Brent Friedt Alberta Ian McFarlane Saskatchewan Michael Hill Manitoba Mark Francis Late Winter Habitat Conditions in Canada Summary Signs of spring are present in the British Columbia/Western Boreal Region. Canada geese are paired and establishing territories along the British Columbia coast, while some melting is occurring in the territories. In the Prairie Region, winter precipitation has been generally lower than normal. Dry conditions have persisted in Alberta, where spring conditions will likely be poor. Prospects improve in central and southeast portions of Saskatchewan, and a few Canada geese have been spotted along the Saskatchewan River. February snowfall has improved the snowpack in southwest Manitoba, where conditions remain favourable. Spring prospects also look promising throughout the Eastern Region. Wetlands in southern Ontario are in good shape thanks to some intense rainfall events. More precipitation is expected in Quebec, which should improve spring habitat conditions. In Atlantic Canada, shallow wetlands will begin to thaw soon and warmer weather has opened rivers up to provide habitat for seaducks. Ontario Scott Muir Quebec Patrick Harbour Atlantic Canada Adam Campbell Condition Rating No Data Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor Habitat Reports Online In English: ducks.ca/habitatconditions In French: canards.ca/conditionsdhabitat 2
3 British Columbia / Western Boreal Forest BRITISH COLUMBIA Spring has definitely arrived along the coast. Temperatures have been warmer than normal since January, which has reduced the coastal snowpack, but wetlands remain full. Vegetation has responded to these spring conditions, with cool-season grasses and perennials already beginning to grow. If warmer temperatures continue, agricultural crops can be planted earlier, which will increase the potential for an early planting of cover crops in the fall. This, in turn, could provide better food for migrating waterfowl next fall. Large numbers of wintering waterfowl still remain along the coast, while Canada geese are paired up and establishing their territories. Conditions are still relatively dry in the central and southern Interior, where there has been little precipitation in the past month. At low elevations, temperatures are unseasonably mild and most of the snow has melted into the ground. In both regions, prospects for spring runoff are poor at this point. In the southern Interior in particular, snowpack levels are below normal and a large rainfall event would be necessary to replenish wetlands before spring. However, many wetlands are bone-dry and will likely not fill in the spring. In the southeast Interior, winter snowfall has been below average overall and recent precipitation has been very low. Near Cowichan Estuary on Vancouver Island, BC Mid February In the Peace region, little has changed in the past month. Overall, winter precipitation has been below average, and most of that occurred in the fall. Since November, precipitation levels have been very low. Fortunately, there have been few Chinook warming events this winter, and the snow has retained its moisture. As it melts, the water will soak into the ground, because frost is absent under much of the snowpack. For now, the outlook for runoff doesn t look very good, given the lack of frost seal and the sub-par precipitation. WESTERN BOREAL FOREST The Yukon has begun to experience some mild weather and melting. Winter snowfall has been lower than normal overall, so it could be a slightly drier spring. Last year was quite wet, however, so there may be some holdover water. Although Whitehorse had a few cm of snowfall in early February, it has since received only trace amounts. However, most ponds are considered stable and spring conditions should be average overall. Temperatures have generally been above normal in the Northwest Territories, but the snowfall that might normally accompany warmer temperatures has not been observed. Yellowknife currently sits below normal for snowfall in February, and only trace amounts have fallen in other areas, with some melting occurring through the middle of the month. Spring habitat conditions may be average to slightly below average. 3
4 Northern Alberta continues its drying trend, with little snowfall this month. So far, the average snowfall in February has been 20.6 cm in High Level, 22.5 cm in Grande Prairie, and 14.0 cm in Edmonton. After a dry fall and low winter snowfall, spring habitat conditions could be poor. In northern Saskatchewan, Prince Albert received normal snowfall for February, while La Ronge had below normal snowfall. The Saskatchewan Watershed Authority has just released their report for projected spring runoff, which contains mixed projections for boreal portions of the province. From Prince Albert to just north of Waskesui and encompassing Meadow Lake, runoff may be below normal. North of that, the conditions will be near normal to above normal. Near Porcupine River, Yukon Mid February In northern Manitoba, spring runoff conditions in The Pas should be near normal. Soil moisture is rated as near normal, and precipitation from October to February has been average. Much of that precipitation came in the form of rain in October, as well as in one large snowfall event in late January. Spring habitat conditions should be average. Prairie Canada ALBERTA Winter has been generally mild and dry, with the exception of December, which was cold and snowy. In the past 60 days, less than 25 mm of precipitation has fallen across the agricultural zone of the province. Conditions were dry prior to the winter, which resulted in below average soil moisture in much of the province at the time of freeze-up. Many semi-permanent wetlands were dry or in a drawdown condition. Precipitation totals for the winter (November, 2009 to present) are showing the effects of El Nino and are below normal across most of the agricultural zone. The southern Prairie has received 60-85% of normal precipitation; with southern portions, including the Milk River Ridge, receiving 40-60%. The northern Peace Parkland, western Aspen Parkland and western Boreal Transition Zone (BTZ) have also received 60-85% of normal precipitation, while the central Aspen Parkland has had 40-60%, and the northern Prairie, eastern Aspen Parkland and eastern BTZ have had less than 40% of normal precipitation. 4
5 There is currently minimal snow cover in the southern Prairie, except in sheltered areas. Alberta Environment (AE) reports near to below average snowpack in the southern mountains. AE water supply outlook is average to below average for the South Saskatchewan River basin, which supplies the southern Alberta irrigation districts. In the northern Prairie, snow cover increases from 5 cm in southern areas (near the Red Deer River) to 20 cm in the north (near Hanna). Lesser amounts occur on exposed hilltops and more in drifts around wetland margins, bush areas and roadside ditches. Similar snow conditions continue into the southern and eastern Aspen Parkland, with cm in the Red Deer and Wainwright-Lloydminster areas. There is Near Buffalo Lake in Aspen Parkland, AB Late February total snow coverage and slightly more snow on the ground in the Edmonton-Viking area (25-35 cm). The BTZ and Peace Parkland also have total snow coverage, but only cm of snow on the ground. There has also been some freezing rain recently. Spring runoff conditions in Alberta are a function of the fall frost seal, spring precipitation events and the speed of the spring thaw. With a poor frost seal, and what is shaping up to be a slow spring melt, runoff is predicted to be poor through most of the province. The current forecast is for a week or more of mild, above-freezing daytime temperatures for southern and western areas. This will result in further settling and sublimation of the snowpack, with minimal runoff. Slightly cooler temperatures are forecast for the northeast Aspen Parkland and eastern BTZ. If temperatures cool and there is a fast spring melt in March, areas with higher snow fall amounts and drifted snow may see some recharge of wetland basins, particularly from roadside ditches and creeks. This would include areas of the western and central Aspen Parkland. An exception to the generally poor runoff prediction may be found in the Peace Parkland, where some rain fell prior to freeze-up, which created a frost seal. Runoff potential in the Peace Parkland is therefore rated as fair. Slightly above normal precipitation in the Cypress Hills may also result in fair spring runoff. Additional snowstorms would also improve spring wetland conditions in most areas. SASKATCHEWAN Since the late January snowstorm that dropped 30 cm or more of snow, less than 10 cm have been added to the overall snowpack in the central and southeast parts of the province. In these areas, the total amount of snow ranges from 30 to 40 cm, which should yield a good runoff in the spring. The northwest has a below average snowpack (<15 cm). Temperatures have been above normal, but not enough to melt the snow. Unless spring snows improve conditions in this area, runoff will be poor. The Missouri Coteau and Allan Hills have had 15 to 30 cm on the ground, and some wetland basins have as much as 80 cm in them due to blowing snow. A few Canada geese have been sighted along the Saskatchewan River in Saskatoon. A few American robins have also been spotted in the southeast, near Estevan. 5
6 MANITOBA Winter precipitation levels have improved, but still remain below average. Overall, conditions have been shaped by an unseasonably warm November, coupled with fewer snowfalls in December and January. However, more frequent February snowfall events have had a positive influence on this below average snowpack. Despite the lack of precipitation, moisture laden snow has not blown away and a good snowpack remains on the fields. The good soil moisture conditions that were present at the time of freeze-up will help to offset the amount of precipitation that is soaked up by the soil this spring, which should improve runoff into wetlands. December temperatures were near or slightly below average, while January and February were slightly above average overall, with significant lows followed by extended unseasonable warm breaks. Overall, conditions remain favourable in southwest Manitoba. The current snowpack is stable and adequate, and should ensure favourable spring conditions. However, further snowfall events will be required to increase the snowpack in the Parklands. Near Killarney, MB Mid February Eastern Region ONTARIO Despite a late February snowstorm, which has now blanketed some regions of southern Ontario with up to 20 cm of wet snow, accumulations throughout the province are still well below normal for this time of year. Although a decent snowpack was observed in December, it practically disappeared in January due to temperatures that regularly climbed above the freezing mark. Unseasonably warm weather was the norm for February, and with no significant storm events to report, much of the ground was bare throughout the province until this recent snowfall. Southeast Ontario - Late February Even though much of southern Ontario has received less than 60% of its normal precipitation since the end of December, several intense rainfall events have occurred. As a result, wetland habitats throughout the region are at or near full supply, and 6
7 soil moisture conditions have been vastly improved in many areas. As such, spring habitat prospects look promising throughout the south. Northern Ontario has also been experiencing mild winter weather, and snow accumulations remain below normal. Despite this atypical weather, the spring outlook remains generally good for much of the north. QUÉBEC Overall, February temperatures were 2.4 to 7.4 ºC above normal in all regions. Total precipitation in February was much below normal for the entire province, especially in areas along the St. Lawrence River that received 60-95% less precipitation than usual. Snowfall amounts were also generally below normal across the province in February. Because of poor snow precipitation and warmer than normal temperatures since the beginning of winter, the snowpack is lower than normal. Saguenay, Montreal and Quebec regions had 6, 5 and 4 times less snow on the ground than normal, respectively. St. Pierre Lake Floodplain Mid February The mean St. Lawrence water level in February remained slightly lower than normal. Habitat conditions remain good throughout the province. The St. Lawrence Gulf and channel remain ice-free in some places. More precipitation and colder temperatures are expected to maintain or improve spring habitat conditions. ATLANTIC CANADA Winter has been unseasonably dry, with much less snowfall this year than last year. The relative water equivalency (determined by snow cover and snow density) is considerably lower this year compared to the past two years, as well as the long-term average. Snow accumulation near Fredericton is around the 20 cm compared to the long-term average of 45 cm. The water equivalency feeding the St. John River above the Mactaquac dam is approximately 104 mm compared with the long-term average of 120 mm and last year s average of mm. Less snow cover has resulted from many above-zero days and several rain events. The limited frost penetration in many areas has allowed for ground seepage rather than runoff as well. Riverside Albert, NB Mid February With a below normal water equivalency and reduced frost, this year s spring freshet will likely be reduced. The many early shallow water ponds, which are attractive to migrant waterfowl and early breeders, may be in short supply this year. In addition, there is some concern that some upper flood plain projects may not be flooded, resulting in a lower than normal operating level and limited nutrient replenishment. This lower water level may decrease food availability for staging birds and force activity to non-seasonal wetlands. 7
8 Many rivers have become open over the past few weeks of warm weather, providing habitat for seaducks that is not normally available. Reports indicate increased records of coastal species, although they are likely just more visible because they are inland. The long-range forecast is calling for warm temperatures to continue. Shallow water wetlands will begin to thaw soon, which will be earlier than normal. Though the freshet volume will probably be lower this year, most impoundments will continue to operate at normal spring water levels. Overall, habitat conditions for the Atlantic Region are good. 8
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