Allocation of percentage Marks Practical rd February, st March, th March nd March

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1 UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES School of Physical Sciences Post Graduate Diploma in Aviation Meteorology Aviation Weather (SMR 525) Practical Manual for Academic Year 2015/16 (SECOND SEMESTER) January-April 2016 Written By: Prof. Ininda J. M Department of Meteorology University of Nairobi

2 INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICALS IN AVIATION WEATHER The series of practical in AVIATION WEATHER are aimed at equipping the students with practical skills in current practices of weather analysis and computational skills. PRACTICAL TIME TABLE (SMR /15) SERIAL NO. DESCRIPTION DATE DUE FOR HANDING IN Practical - 01 Practical - 02 Decoding the weather message Plotting SYNOP report on the weather Chart 23 rd February, st March, Practical - 03 Coding upper air data 8 th March Allocation of percentage Marks Practical - 04 Practical - 05 Practical - 06 Plotting the sounding on a T Writing and interpretation of METAR Writing and interpretation of SIGMET 15 th March nd March th March CAT 15 th March TOTAL MARKS 100 Useful websites (For upper air wind and Temperature coding) PRACTICAL 1: DECODING THE WEATHER MESSAGE Objective: The practical is aimed at enabling the student decode the weather messages

3 a) A table of coded weather messages b) The lecture notes Procedure: Decode the weather message for the assigned data TABLE 1 The data assigned to each student. S/N STUDENT REG NO. DATA I50/78854/2015 AAXX = AAXX = AAXX = AAXX / = 2 I50/81309/2015 AAXX / = AAXX / = AAXX // = AAXX = PRACTICAL 2: PLOTTING THE WEATHER INFORMATION ON A CHART Objective: The practical is aimed at enabling the student plot on a weather chart. Tools

4 a) A table of coded weather messages b) Lecture Notes c) A chart (map) with station indicated on it Procedure: Plot the weather messages for the stations over Kenya at 15GMT on figure 1. For the dates assigned (N B. You will need to print out the figure1) 1. Code the data assigned to you. S/N STUDENT REG NO. DATE 1 I50/78854/ TH NOVEMBER I50/81309/ TH JANUARY, 2016

5 Figure 1: The Synoptic stations over Kenya

6 PRACTICAL 3: CODING THE UPPER AIR OBSERVED WEATHER Objective: The practical is aimed at enabling the student code the observed weather a) A table of observed weather b) The lecture notes Procedure: Code the weather message give in table 2 and 3 Tools a) WMO MANNUAL ON CODING b) Upper air DATA Instructions 2. Code the data assigned to you. S/N STUDENT REG NO. DATA 1 I50/78854/2015 Table 2A and Table 3B 2 I50/81309/2015 Table 2b and Table 3A

7 TABLE 2A: STATION DATE TIME 09 GMT LEVEL (mb) HEIGHT (m) SPEED (kts) DIR (Surface)

8 TABLE 2B: STATION DATE TIME 18 GMT LEVEL (mb) HEIGHT (m) SPEED (kts) DIR (Surface)

9 TABLE 3A Sounding for station n at 15hr local time and the station is located at 60 O E. The radio sonde launched at 14hr 30min local time. Pressure level(mb) Geopotential Height (m) Temperature o C Dew point Temp o C Wind speed Kt Direction

10 TABLE 3B Sounding for station n at 14hr local time and the station is located at 75 O E. The radio sonde launched at 14hr 15min local time. Pressure level(mb) Geopotential Height (m) Temperature o C Dew point Temp o C Wind speed 1 ms Direction PRACTICAL NO. 4: PLOTTING THE SOUNDING ON A T Objective: The practical is aimed at enabling the student to plot the sounding on T And compute the convective parameters. Tools a) Extract the TEMP data for the station and date allocated to you at 00 GMT. For example to obtain data for 00GMT for 25 th Sep 2014 enter the information as shown. COUNTRY OR TERRITORY (*) TYPE SORT ORDER NIL REPORTS FORMAT Indonesia ALL, (TEMP and PILOT) Oldest the first NIL reports included TXT TIME INTERVAL Year Month Day Hour BEGIN: 2014 September END: 2014 September 25 00

11 send Clean b) Using a T (i) Plot the given temperature and dew point temperature a T gram and Indicate the layers that experienced warming/ cooling and moistening / drying. (ii) Determine the LCL, equivalent potential temperature, lifted Index, K-Index (iii) Find the mixing ratio, specific humidity,,relative humidity and vapour pressure at surface, 800mb, and 700mb STUDENT Station and Date REG NO. I50/78854/2015 Darwin-Australia (21 st and 22 nd Sep, 2015) I50/81309/2015 Jarkata-Indonesia(1 st and 2 nd Jan, 2016)

12 PRACTICAL 5: PREPARING (CODING) AND INTERPRETATING (DECODING) A METAR Objective: The practical is aimed at enabling the student to be able to prepare (code) and interpreate (decode) a METAR Tools a) A table of weather messages b) The ICAO guide for writing METAR TABLE FOR PRACTICAL 5 The data assigned to each student. S/N STUDENT REG NO. DATA 1 I50/78854/2015 Complete Landing Forecast or Aviation routine weather report with trend forecast for Entebbe Int. airport The time of origin (issuing) at 1200Z on the 12 th February, 2016 Observed weather Wind direction is 90 degrees, Wind speed 06 knots Visibility 7500 meters Cloud layer 1 amount 3-4 oktas (or 3/8-4/8) at base 1500 ft Cloud layer 2 amount 3-4 oktas of Cumulonimbus (or 3/8-4/8) at base 1700 ft Temperature 26ºC, Dew point temperature 24ºC QNH 865 hpa (mb) Forecast weatherchange Time from 1220Z on 20th until 1250Z on 12 th February, 2016 Horizontal Visibility is 3000m Weather phenomena is moderate thunderstorm with rain The end signal of the message 2 I50/81309/2015 Complete Landing Forecast/ Aviation routine weather report with trend forecast Jomo Kenyatta Int. airport The time of origin (issuing) at 1200Z on the 15 th January 2016 Observed weather Wind direction is 70 degrees, Wind speed 08 knots Visibility 8000 meters Cloud layer 1 amount 5-6 oktas (or 5/8-6/8) at base 1400 ft Cloud layer 2 amount 3-4 oktas of Cumulonimbus (or 3/8-4/8) at base 1600 ft Temperature 22ºC, Dew point temperature 19ºC QNH 823hPa (mb) Forecast Change in weather

13 Time from 1200Z on 20th until 1220Z on 20th Horizontal Visibility is 4000m Weather phenomena is moderate thunderstorm with rain The end signal of the message S/N STUDENT DATA REG NO. I50/78854/2015 METAR HTMT Z 27005KT 9999 FEW021 FEW022CB BKN /25 Q1014= METAR HTDA Z 31004KT 9999 BKN020 26/24 Q1014 NOSIG= METAR HKJK Z 08005KT 050V FEW018 15/12 Q1024= METAR HKML Z 00000KT 9999 FEW019 25/23 Q1014= 2 I50/81309/2015 METAR HKEL Z 07003KT CAVOK 11/09 Q1026= METAR HKKI Z 07005KT CAVOK 17/13 Q1018= METAR HTSO Z 00000KT 9999 SCT018 FEW020CB BKN070 20/20 Q1019= METAR HTTB Z 00000KT 9999 FEW017 19/18 Q1020= PRACTICAL 6: PREPARING A SIGMET Objective: The practical is aimed at enabling the student to be able to write and interpreate a SIGMET Tools a) A table of weather messages b) The ICAO guide for writing SIGMET TABLE FOR PRACTICAL 6 The data assigned to each student. S/N STUDENT REG NO. DATA 1 I50/78854/2015 WSSG31 GOOY GOOO SIGMET C4 VALID / GOOY- GOOO DAKAR OCEANIC FIR/UIR ISOL EMBD TS OBS AT 1955Z WI N0536 W N0707 W N0743 W N0502 W N0352 W02514 TOP FL450 MOV W 05KT NC=

14 WSMA31 FIMP FIMM SIGMET 03 VALID / FIMP- FIMM MAURITIUS FIR EMBD TS OBS AT 0800Z WI S1000 E S1000 E S1300 E S1700 E S1300 E S1000 E06000 TOP ABV FL410 STNR NC= 2 I50/81309/2015 WSCG31 FCBB FCCC SIGMET A2 VALID / FCBB- FCCC BRAZZAVILLE FIR/UIR EMBD TS OBS AT 0930Z W OF LINE N0315 E S0149 E00919 S OF LINE S0325 E S0320 E00639 TOP FL430 MOV W 10KT NC= WSZA31 FAOR FAOR SIGMET B01 VALID / FAOR- FAJO JOHANNESBURG OCEANIC FIR EMBD TS FCST WI S2730 E S2730 E S2854 E01500 TOP FL350= TABLE 1 The data assigned to each student for preparing SIGMET S/N STUDENT REG NO. DATA I50/78854/2015 The SIGMET for forecasted embedded thunderstorm 1 extending above 3,5000ft was issued by Johannesburg on

15 1 st of January 2016 at 06.55z which was expected to be used between 6.00z to 11.00z. The thunder cell was expected within the oceanic area. o o o o o o ( S,14 24 E), ( S,15 00 E), ( S,15 00 E), This was the first SIGMET of the day. 2 I50/81309/2015 The SIGMET for observed embedded thunderstorm extending above 4,5000ft was issued by Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo on 1 st of January 2016 at 05.30Z which was expected to be used between 6.05z to 10.05z. The thunder cell was observed west of the line from ( 2 o 20 N,9 o 41 E) to ( 4 o 05 N,11 o 12 E) The thunder cell was moving west with a speed of 10knots and the intensity was not changing. This was the first SEGMET of the day.

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21 Synop of a landstation The basic form of the SYNOP bulletin for a landstation is: AAXX YYGGiw IIiii irixhvv Nddff 1snTTT 2snTdTdTd 4PPPP 5appp 6RRRtR 7wwW1W2 8NhCLCMCH The rain group (6RRRtR) is not plotted. All other groups will be plotted using the plot model in

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